In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, taking Yingtianfu as Nanjing, Kaifeng as Beijing, and establishing the capital in Fengyang the following year. The expansion of Nanjing Palace was terminated again because all the manpower and material resources were concentrated on the construction of Zhongdu City and Palace. In the following years, only the necessary maintenance was carried out on the existing palace.
In the eighth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1375), Zhu Yuanzhang gave up the plan of building a capital in Jianzhong and concentrated on building Nanjing. In this construction, two gates at the left and right of the Wumen Gate, two east and west corner gates at the left and right of the Fengtian Gate, and buildings such as the Cultural Hall and the Wuying Hall were added. In the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu (1392), it was built again, and a palace wall was built outside the imperial city, with the new wall as the imperial city, and the original imperial city was renamed Miyagi. Miyagi front repairs the end gate, Chengtianmen and Jinshui Bridge, forming a T-shaped square, south to Hongwumen built in 1373. There are five departments on the east side of the square (punishments are outside the emergency exit in the north of the imperial city), and there are five generals' offices on the west side.
During the construction of the Forbidden City in Nanjing, Fu Guishan in Zijin Mountain was taken as the support, and the problem of geomantic omen was emphasized. However, due to the limitation of site selection, the Forbidden City was built on the filled Swallow Lake. Although the foundation has been strengthened by piling, paving stones and tamping with lime concrete, the problem of foundation sinking still occurs after a long time, and waterlogging is easy to form in the palace, making drainage difficult. At the same time, Miyagi is too close to the outer city to defend in wartime.
Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, died young because of Prince Zhu Biao, and Zhu Yunwen, the emperor's grandson, succeeded him. The year number is Wen Jian, which is the year number of Emperor Jianwen. Wen Jian and his cronies took measures to cut the vassal, deployed troops around Beiping and in the city, and transferred the bodyguard of Judy, the fourth son of Ming Taizu, to the Great Wall in case of border, to prepare to cut the prince. Wen Jian, the Ming emperor, thought he was ready to sail, so he secretly ordered the capture of Judy, but it didn't work. Judy in Peiping rebelled in 1399 (the first year of Wen Jian in Ming Dynasty), and then sent troops south, which is known as the "Battle of Jingnan" in history. After four years of war and four years of Wen Jian in the Ming Dynasty (1402), Judy, the prince of Yan, invaded the capital, and as a result, the capital fell, the palace caught fire and other palaces were burned down. During the war, the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen was unknown, or he burned himself to death in the palace, or fled from the tunnel and became a monk in Yuyun and Guiyu.
In the fourth year of Wenjian in Ming Dynasty (1402), Judy became emperor in Nanjing and still lived in the Forbidden City in Nanjing, but at the same time ordered to move the capital to Beiping (now Beijing).
In the fourth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1406), Judy officially ordered the construction of Beijing Palace on the original site of Beijing Yuan Palace. According to Records of Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty, "(The Forbidden City in Beijing) has halls, temples, palaces and doors, which are as well-behaved as the Ming Palace in Nanjing, but they are tall and magnificent."
In the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1420), the Forbidden City in Beijing was basically completed. On the fourth day of September, Cheng Zu made his capital in Beijing, and sent Xia Yuanji, the minister of household affairs, to call the Crown Prince and grandson, and arrived in Beijing at the end of December. On the 22nd, it was decreed that from the first month of next year, Nanjing will be the capital and Beijing will be the capital, and six departments will be set up, which will be called Yunxing. And take the seal of Nanjing to the Beijing yamen and cast the seal of Nanjing Yamen, both of which are "Nanjing". On the fourth day of November, I wrote to the world and moved the capital to Beijing. In the 19th year of Yongle (142 1), the capital was officially moved to Beijing on the first day of the first month, worshipped in Xiaonan on the 11th and was pardoned on the 15th. After that, the Forbidden City in Nanjing was no longer used as a palace, but it was still used as a palace in Beijing, managed by the royal family and internal ministers.
In the first year of Hongxi in Ming Dynasty (1425), Zhu Gaochi, Judy's eldest son and Emperor Renzong, wanted to move the capital to Nanjing. "Emperor Renzong of Ming Dynasty" contains: Zhu Gaochi "Hongxi moved to Nanjing in March of the first year of the Reform Movement of 1898, and in April, he ordered all Beijing departments to leave, and established the Crown Prince (that is, Zhu Zhanji) to Xiaoling, the former residence of Nanjing." Nanjing once again became the nominal capital of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Gaochi also ordered the restoration of Nanjing Imperial City, but after May, he died of sudden illness. His will said: "The north and the south donated hundreds of millions, and the army and the people were trapped. It is also my heart to be salty in Nanjing. " This shows his unforgettable feelings for moving the capital to Nanjing. But at this time, the renovation project of Nanjing Palace is still in progress and will be basically completed by the end of next year. In the following hundreds of years, the Forbidden City in Nanjing was rarely repaired and severely damaged by wind and rain.
In the 14th year of Ming Dynasty (1449), a thunderstorm occurred in summer and June, and the temples of Shenshen and Gai Hua were struck by lightning and caught fire.
In the twenty-first year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (1485), in May, "Nanjing gale uprooted ancestral temple trees, destroyed the great temple and the imperial city, and the animals kissed".
In the first year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1522), "autumn and July, the wind and rain were mixed, the river flooded, and the suburban walls were completely destroyed".
In the 28th Wanli period of Ming Dynasty (1600), Matteo Ricci, a missionary, made a comparison between Beijing and Nanjing: the scale of this city, the layout planning of houses, the structure of public buildings and fortifications are far less than those of Nanjing. Nanjing Ming Palace and the city scale can be imagined.
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1644), Li Zicheng led the peasant uprising army to capture Beijing. After Zhu Youjian was martyred in the Ming Dynasty, his brother Zhu Yousong rode from Sanshanmen to the east on the first day of May of the same year, paying homage to Xiaoling and Prince Wen Yi's Mausoleum, then entering Donghuamen through Chaoyangmen, paying homage to Fengxian Hall, and leaving Xihuamen, with Nanjing Garrison as the palace. On the second day of May, Zhu Yousong supervised the country according to the story of Ming Daizong's accession to the throne. On the third day of May, Geng Yin entered ouchi from Daming Gate and went to Wuying Hall to attend the national government supervision ceremony. On May 15, Emperor Zhu Yousong was located in Wuying Hall of Nanjing Forbidden City, and the following year was the first year of Hong Guang. Its name is still Ming, and the historical name of Nanming was changed to Hong Guang, and the Hong Guang regime was established. However, by this time, most of the temples in the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty had collapsed, and the ancestral temple in Nanjing had already been burned down. Zhu Yousong carried out some restoration work and built buildings such as Fengtianmen and Cixi Hall.
After the Qing army entered the customs and destroyed Nanming, Nanjing was changed to Jiangning, the seat of the Governor's Office of Liangjiang, and the Forbidden City was changed to the Eight Banners Acropolis. In the Forbidden City, generals and generals' yamen were set up, and walls were built from the emergency exit to Tongji Gate for isolation, which caused great damage to the buildings in the Forbidden City.
In the 23rd year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1684), Michelle Ye made his first southern tour and arrived in Jiangning. When he saw the dilapidated "Ming Palace", he wrote in the article "On Jinling": "You told the story of the Forbidden City with many beautiful scenery. Phoenix used to be magnificent, but now it's ruined! ..... After crossing the city, the old concept has not changed, and there is no one in the palace. Seeing this, I can't help but sigh the flowers and plants in the Wu Palace and the clothes in the Jin Dynasty! " It can be seen that the Forbidden City in Ming Dynasty was quite desolate at this time.
In the thirty-eighth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1699), Michelle Ye canonized Putuo Mountain as "Fayu Temple" and ordered to "tear down the old Jinling Temple to give it", demolishing the glazed tile of Nanjing Forbidden City 120000, imitating the Jiulong Hall of Jinling Ming Palace. There are 7 halls with a height of 22 meters, a width of 35.35 meters, a depth of 20.3 1 meter and an area of nearly 1000 square meters. According to the records of Putuo Mountain, Jiulong Hall was moved here for the Forbidden City in Nanjing. Today, the glazed tiles, carved dragon columns and Kowloon algae wells in the Kowloon Hall belong to the Nanjing Forbidden City.
In the third year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1853), on March 29th, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom made Nanjing its capital and changed its name to Tianjing. However, instead of using the Forbidden City as the base of the palace, it chose a new location in the city to build a new palace, in which a large number of stones and bricks were demolished. By the time the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom perished, the palaces and walls of the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty had basically disappeared.
In the third year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1864), Tianjing fell in July 19, and then after the Xiang army captured Tianjing, the Taiping Army set fire to the city, and after the Xiang army looted it, it also set fire everywhere, and the Ming Palace in Nanjing was destroyed again.
During the reign of Xianfeng and Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty suffered another great damage because of the fighting movement between Taiping Army and Qing Army. Except for the stone component foundation buried underground, almost only a piece of rubble, snakes and rats remained. From 188 1 to 1884, the Fang Xiaoru Temple was built in the North Fang Xiaoru Memorial Hall of Wulongqiao in Nanjing Ming Palace Museum.
In the third year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty (19 1 1), an Englishman, Fares, removed seven stone carvings and three pairs of stone lions from the site of the Forbidden City in Ming Dynasty and transported them to the Yangzi Hotel in Xiaguan for decoration.
In the 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), due to the construction of Minggong Airport, the double doors of Nanjing Wumen (Wumaomen) were demolished, leaving only the lower three-hole portal, and the Wufeng Tower above Wumen was already destroyed.
During the Republic of China, Nanjing National Government planned to take the Ming Palace Museum as the central administrative region. However, due to financial and war reasons, the plan was not fully realized. Only the China Kuomintang Central Supervision Committee (now the Nanjing Military Region Archives) and the China Kuomintang Central Party History Exhibition Hall (now the Second Historical Archives of China) were built in the former site of the Ming Palace Museum.
In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), in order to welcome Dr. Sun Yat-sen's coffin, the National Government buried Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum and built the Avenue to Welcome Zen. At the beginning of the construction, it was named Zhongshan Road, also known as Zhongshan Avenue. Zhongshan East Road straddles Fengtiandian Square and divides the site into north and south parts. At this time, there are only a few relics left in the Ming Palace site, such as the meridian gate and the underground column foundation. By the late Republic of China, the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty had become a small airport.
In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), Lin Sen, the former chairman of the Kuomintang, had a special liking for architectural sites such as the Forbidden City and the Ming Tombs. When he built his villa "Guilin Rock House", he "called" some exquisite stone carvings from the ruins of the Ming Palace to decorate the stone house. The stone house in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was bombed by the Japanese army, and half of the framework and some architectural relics of the Ming Palace were preserved.
On April 23rd, 1949, after the liberation of Nanjing, Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and other comrades invited relevant experts and scholars to have a discussion and ask for protection opinions. Participants agreed that this is an important site of the Ming Palace in the history of China and should be protected, so they decided to bury about 350 stone pillars on the spot and bury them on the central axis of the north side of the road and its two sides. About 600,000 square meters of land on the north side of Zhongshan East Road will be turned into a training ground for Nanjing Military Region for protection; And the stone carvings that were grabbed by British fares at Xiaguan Yangzi Hotel were transported back to the site for renovation.
1956 10, the site of the Ming Palace Museum was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province.
In the 1990s, the Nanjing Military Region Coach Field moved out of the former site of the Ming Palace Museum, and only the north-south central axis was restored.
199 1 year, Nanjing Ming Palace Ruins Park was officially opened to the public. Except for the original column foundation, the three halls were arranged in the right order, but the column foundation of the three halls of the Forbidden City was moved, and the building foundation was redone or miniaturized, which destroyed the authenticity.
1May, 997, in order to cooperate with the site selection of Jiangsu Grand Theatre Project, Nanjing Museum made a partial excavation in the northern part of the Ming Palace Ruins Park, and found the foundation of Shen Jing Hall in the three halls of the Ming Palace.
In 2000, the Jiangsu Grand Theatre, which was originally located in the site of the Ming Palace Museum, was relocated.
In 2006, the Ming Palace Museum site was officially upgraded to a national key cultural relics protection unit. In the same year, the anti-seepage maintenance of Nanjing Wumen was completed to ensure the success of danger removal.
On July 20 10, during the construction of Yudao Street, the Duanmen site of Nanjing Forbidden City was accidentally discovered, which is located in the north-south direction. On the north side of the city wall, there is an east-west drainage ditch of the Ming Dynasty city wall.
20 1 1 Nanjing municipal government has planned and demonstrated a new scheme for the protection and utilization of the ruins of the Ming Palace, and turned it into a national-level ruins park.
20 12 In July, in the international competition for the conceptual planning and design of Nanjing Ming Palace Ruins Park, the master plan for the protection of Nanjing Ming Palace Ruins (20 12 ~ 2032) was won by Southeast University.
On October 20 12, 165438 10, Nanjing Mingducheng Site, as one of the heritage sites of China's Maritime Silk Road project, was listed in the China World Cultural Heritage Preparatory List. According to the schedule, the preparatory work will be completed in 20 15, and will be formally submitted to the World Heritage Conference for consideration in 20 16.
2065438+At the beginning of February, 2005, official website, National Cultural Heritage Administration issued the "Reply on the Project of Environmental Renovation and Key Cultural Relics Display in the Core Area of the Ming Palace Site", which stated: "In principle, we agree to the project of Yudao Street Landscape Logo, Wumen Square Environmental Renovation, Zhongshan East Road Pavement Reconstruction, and Cultural Relics Logo Display on the Abutment of the Third Hall."