What if the child has a high fever?
What if the child has a high fever?
What should our parents and friends do when our baby is sick and uncomfortable? When they cry because they are uncomfortable, we should not lose patience, but take care of them more carefully. Febrile convulsion in children is a common symptom. Because children's thermoregulation center is not well developed, and their body's heat dissipation function is poor, they are prone to fever of unknown reasons. If the body temperature exceeds 40℃ during fever, it is easy to cause excessive excitement of children's cerebral cortex, causing systemic or local muscle spasms or convulsions, that is, convulsions in children. When dealing with children's febrile convulsions, parents need to master certain emergency treatment methods, quickly reduce the fever and send them to the hospital as soon as possible.
First of all, general treatment is needed. Careful nursing, keeping quiet, inhaling oxygen, keeping warm, keeping respiratory tract unobstructed and correcting acidosis. Cardiopulmonary, blood pressure, intracranial pressure and electroencephalogram were monitored, and body temperature, respiration, consciousness, eye, pupil size, anterior fontanel and early convulsion were closely observed. Maintain blood gas and ph value in normal range.
Second, anticonvulsant therapy. The treatment of neonatal convulsion is to deal with possible metabolic disorders immediately, such as hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and hyponatremia. Once it is determined that convulsions are not caused by metabolic disorders, anticonvulsants need to be used.
1, barbital: the first choice of anticonvulsants.
2. Phenytoin sodium: When phenobarbital can't control convulsion in individual children, it can be used. Load 1.5 ~ 20 mg/kg, intravenous injection is slow. Generally speaking, it is suggested that the load be divided into two times, with an interval of 20 ~ 30 minutes, and the effective blood concentration of 20 ~ 30 mg/L. After 6 ~ 12 hours, the maintenance dose can be given, 3 ~ 4 mg/kg per day, divided into 2 ~ 3 times. The drug has good intravenous injection effect, fast blood-brain barrier and poor absorption by intramuscular injection or oral administration. Monitor the heart rhythm when using, pay attention to arrhythmia, and it is not suitable for long-term use.
3. Lidocaine: The drug takes effect quickly (1 min) and is safe. The first dose was 2 mg/kg by intravenous injection. If it is ineffective after 20 ~ 30 minutes, the above dose can be repeated and maintained at 4 ~ 6 mg/kg per hour after remission. This product is prohibited for patients with atrioventricular block or abnormal liver function.
4. Diazepam: Except for the treatment of neonatal tetanus, it is generally not suitable as a first-line anticonvulsant drug for newborns. It is only used for persistent convulsion that phenytoin sodium and phenytoin sodium are ineffective. The dosage is 0.3 ~ 0.5 mg/kg each time, and it is slowly injected intravenously. The half-life of the drug is 15 minutes, and it passes through the blood-brain barrier quickly and disappears quickly, so 15 ~ 20 minutes can be used repeatedly, 3 ~ 4 times a day. You can start with a small dose and gradually increase the dose when it is ineffective, or you can use 0.3mg/kg per hour (3 ~ 12 mg/kg per day) for continuous intravenous drip, and the effective blood concentration is 0.15 mg/L/L. In addition, you can also administer it rectally with a dose of 0.6mg/ time. Diazepam can inhibit the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, so pay close attention to breathing and heart rate. Those who have used barbiturates or chloral hydrate should pay special attention to the occurrence of respiratory depression. Because diazepam solvent contains sodium benzoate, which affects the combination of bilirubin and albumin, it is not needed when neonatal jaundice is obvious.
5. Melaldehyde: It can be used as an adjuvant for anticonvulsants. 0.05 ~ 0.2 ml/k8 each time, add 10% glucose 20 ~ 40 ml/k8, and slowly inject intravenously. Or intramuscular injection of 0.2ml/kg each time.
6. 10% chloral hydrate: It can be used as an anticonvulsant adjuvant. 0.5ml/kg each time, add normal saline 10ml for retention enema.
Conclusion: Through the article, we know that when taking care of sick babies, we must be more patient and careful, not too anxious, and learn healthy and reasonable methods. We should clearly know that the occurrence of febrile convulsion in children does affect the health of children, which is basically a chronic disease. Once it happens, it is not easy to recover. For children with febrile convulsion, treatment cannot be ignored, and scientific and correct treatment and nursing are the key to disease rehabilitation.
Dietary preventive measures for fever
Avoid drinking alcohol during a fever.
Wind-heat type cold or flu, avoid hot and sour food.
When the gastrointestinal function is poor, avoid eating greasy and sticky food.
During taking the medicine, bad smell should be avoided to avoid causing adverse reactions.
During the fever, the whole body is weak and weak, so it is advisable to eat more porridge, noodles, soft rice, fresh vegetables and fruits, especially vitamin C, to supplement the nutrient loss caused by fever and enhance the disease resistance.
Eat more fruits: oranges, apples, peaches, pears, tomatoes, bananas, kiwis, strawberries, grapefruit and so on. When you have a fever, your body temperature is high, you are irritable and thirsty. You can eat some cool and juicy foods: lily, lotus root and so on.
Have a fever deal with
If the doctor determines that you just have a cold, you'd better not rush to take antipyretics within your tolerance. High fever is one of the mechanisms to resist infection in the body. Our body can mobilize its own defense system to kill foreign germs by raising body temperature (generally speaking, germs will die when the temperature is above 39℃), thus shortening the onset time and enhancing the role of antibiotics. If the fever is reduced by drugs in the early stage of a cold (37-38.5℃), the bacteria in the body will temporarily be in suspended animation, and they will develop drug resistance. Once they reappear, they are usually more difficult to treat.
If you can't stand a high fever, you can use cold compress to help lower your body temperature. Apply a wet and cold towel to the forehead, wrist and calf, and cover other parts with clothes. When the cold compress reaches body temperature, it should be changed once and repeatedly until the fever goes down. You can also wrap the ice cubes in a cloth bag and put them on your forehead.
If the temperature is not too high, you can use hot compress to reduce the fever. Wipe the patient's forehead and limbs repeatedly with hot and wet towels to dissipate heat until the fever is gone.
But if the body temperature rises above 39℃, don't use hot compress to reduce the fever, but use cold compress to prevent the body temperature from rising further.
Evaporation also has a cooling effect. Experts suggest using cold tap water to help the skin emit excessive heat. Although you can wipe the whole body, you should especially strengthen some parts with higher body temperature, such as armpits and groin. After squeezing out too much water, wipe one part at a time and cover the other parts with clothes. Body temperature will evaporate water and help dissipate heat.
Sometimes, a hot bath is the most comfortable. It can also relieve fever symptoms. Baby should take a bath with warm water or wrap the baby with a wet towel, and change it every 15 minutes.
When you have a high fever, your body will sweat and dissipate heat; But when you have a high fever, your body will close the sweat glands because of too much water loss to prevent further water loss, which will lead to the body's inability to dissipate heat. The solution is to replenish liquid, drink more boiled water and fruit and vegetable juice, which is rich in vitamins and minerals, especially beet juice and carrot juice. If you want to drink tomato juice, choose low-sodium products. Avoid solid food during fever until the condition improves.
If vomiting is not serious, you can also eat ice cubes to reduce your fever. Pour the juice into an ice box and ice it into ice cubes. You can also put grapes or strawberries in the ice, which is especially popular with children with high fever.
If you feel uncomfortable, you can take painkillers. Adults take 2 aspirin or 2 paracetamol every 4 hours. The advantage of paracetamol is that fewer people are allergic to it. Because aspirin and paracetamol work in different ways, if you think that using either one can't effectively control high fever, you might as well use both. Take 2 aspirin and 2 paracetamol every 6 hours. When taking these drugs, you need to get the doctor's consent first.
Teenagers under 18 should never take aspirin. Because aspirin may cause Raynaud's syndrome in children with high fever, which is a fatal nervous system disease. Children can use paracetamol instead. Take 5-7 mg per pound of body weight, calculate the dose, and take it every 4 hours. Remember, it is dangerous to increase the frequency of use or exceed the appropriate dose, so you must take it under the guidance of a doctor.