What are the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency in human body? Which foods contain vitamin A?

Vitamin a deficiency; The landlord read these materials, hoping to help you; ① Causes of vitamin A deficiency (1) Insufficient intake (2) Obstacles in absorption and utilization (3) Increased demand (4) Metabolic disorders (5) Effects of other nutrients (6) Main clinical manifestations of vitamin A deficiency caused by alcoholism and long-term drug use (1) (2) Eye symptoms (2) Skin symptoms (3) Skeletal system. Sjogren's syndrome (2) Night blindness (3) Diagnosis of keratomalacia (4) Vitamin A deficiency (1) Serum retinol content (2) Determination of dark adaptation ability (3) Physiological blind spots (4) Conjunctival imprint cytology (5) Urine epithelial cell examination (5) Differential diagnosis of Vitamin A deficiency (1) Observe eyes bleached by strong light in the dark. (2) The physiological blind spot area of normal people is about 1.8cm? 0? 5. when vitamin a is insufficient, the physiological blind spot expands. (3) When vitamin A is deficient, conjunctival goblet cells disappear, epithelial cells become larger and keratinized. (4) Counting epithelial cells in urine, exceeding 3 mm? 0? 6 Eliminate urinary tract infection, clarify the treatment principle of vitamin A deficiency ⑤ Vitamin A deficiency, eliminate the etiology, actively treat the primary disease, supplement vitamin A, and treat the symptoms ⑤ Preventive measures for vitamin A deficiency (1) Intake foods rich in vitamin A (2) Monitor the vitamin A status of susceptible people (3) Intervene in susceptible people (4) Choose vitamin A fortified foods Section II: Common causes of vitamin D deficiency ① Sunshine exposure. (2) Neuropsychiatric symptoms and bone marrow manifestations of rickets: hyperhidrosis, night terrors, irritability, head hyperhidrosis after falling asleep, resulting in occipital alopecia or annular alopecia. Bone marrow manifestations: skull softening, front chimney edge softening, delayed closure, uneven tooth arrangement, enamel dysplasia, beaded ribs, thoracic deformity, bending and deformation of limbs and spine. (3) The common symptoms of osteomalacia are bone pain, muscle weakness and bone tenderness. (4) Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of rickets: main symptoms, secondary symptoms and signs, hyperhidrosis, night terrors, restlessness, ping-pong head, square skull, rib bead, chicken breast, occipital baldness, square skull, rib fossa bracelet, O-leg and rib fossa. Typical blood calcium and phosphorus accumulation 28 units, 20-20. Prevention should implement the principle of "systematic management, comprehensive prevention, local conditions, early prevention and early treatment". Section III Vitamin B 1 deficiency (1)VB 1 The main reason for the deficiency is 1. Insufficient intake. 2. Obstacles to absorption and utilization. 3. Increased demand or excessive consumption. 4. Anti-thiamine factor. 5. Chronic alcoholism (long-term alcoholism) (2) The main reason for the insufficient intake of VB 1 is that the storage of VB1in the body is limited, and it is water-soluble and easily excreted from the kidneys and sweat, so it needs to be supplemented every day to meet the needs of the body. Too much rice washing, pouring out soup, cutting vegetables and soaking for too long, not eating vegetable soup and cooking with alkali can all make VB 1 lose a lot. (3) The common reasons for the increase of VB1requirement or consumption are gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases, such as decreased gastric acid secretion, chronic diarrhea, hepatitis and cirrhosis. , this will make VB 1 and its collection and utilization appear obstacles, resulting in deficiencies. Long-term fever, wasting disease, thyroid dysfunction and high-temperature operation, heavy physical labor, pregnancy and breastfeeding can all increase the demand for VB 1. Diabetes, diabetes insipidus and the use of diuretics can increase the consumption of VB 1 (4)VB 1 Clinical classification and manifestations of deficiency 1. Sub-clinical type: patients feel tired, restless, easily excited, nausea, anorexia, and sometimes abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, abdominal distension, fatigue and pain of lower limbs. 2. Neurotype: At the beginning, the patient feels weak and weak in the lower limbs, with tingling or burning sensation or allergic manifestations, muscle aches, irritability, hoarseness, apathy, unresponsiveness and lethargy, and in severe cases, coma and convulsions may occur. 3. Cardiovascular type: The patient feels flustered, short of breath, distended precordial region, decreased diastolic pressure and increased pulse pressure difference, and may die due to circulatory failure. 4. Infantile beriberi: It mostly occurs in babies born for a few months, and the condition is urgent and the onset is sudden. When misdiagnosed, children may die. Loss of appetite, vomiting, excitement, abdominal pain, edema, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath and difficulty. (5) Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of VB 1 deficiency: According to the history and clinical manifestations of dietary malnutrition, ask the patients in detail about their nutritional status, drinking habits, work and labor intensity, and whether there are any diseases that affect the absorption and demand increase of VB1. Differential diagnosis: Patients with neurological symptoms should be differentiated from neurological diseases caused by lead and arsenic poisoning. The symptoms of edema should be differentiated from those caused by nephritis, liver disease, protein and energy malnutrition. Cardiac insufficiency caused by this disease should be differentiated from hyperthyroidism heart disease, anemia heart disease, toxic and viral myocarditis. (6) The treatment principle of VB 1 deficiency1. Eliminate the cause. 2. Complement the missing preventive measures in VB1(7) VB11. Improve grain processing methods and adjust dietary structure. 2. Monitor and intervene the nutritional status of susceptible population. 3. Carry out extensive health education activities. 4.VB 1 Fortified foods lack of VB2 in the fourth quarter (1) The main reason for the lack of VB2 is1. Insufficient intake. 2. Absorption disorder. 3. Increased demand or excessive consumption. 4. Drug action. (2) "Oral reproductive symptom group" is characterized by cheilitis, angular stomatitis and seborrheic dermatitis of nose and face, with bursitis in men and occasional cheilitis in women. (3) Main indexes and standards of laboratory inspection 1. Determination of urinary VB2. Standard: 24-hour urine output VB2 > 0.32 umol/L (> 120 ug) is normal. 2.VB2 stress test: After micturition in the morning and oral administration of VB2 5mg, urine was collected for 4 hours, and the output of VB2 ≥3.45umol(≥ 1300ug) was normal. 1.33-3.45 umol (500-1300 ug) is not enough. ≤ 1.33umol(≤500ug) is lacking. 3. Determination of whole blood glutathione reductase activity coefficient (BGR-AC): When human body lacks VB2, the AC value increases, and then decreases after supplementing VB2. (Preventive measures for VB2 deficiency 1. Eat more foods rich in VB2 (animal liver, kidney, egg yolk, green leaves) 2. Carry out nutrition education activities. 3. Nutrition intervention. Section 5 Etiology of Epilepsy (1) The main causes of this disease are niacin deficiency and insufficient tryptophan intake. (2) Dermatitis is a "three-dimensional" manifestation of epilepsy; Diarrhea, digestive tract symptoms, dementia, mental and neurological symptoms (3) Skin damage characteristics of epilepsy. The unique rash of this disease occurs symmetrically in exposed parts of the body surface, such as face, neck, wrist, abraded parts and tight clothes. It is characterized by bright red or purplish red spots, substantial swelling and sunburn, clear boundary with surrounding skin, and conscious burning, swelling, itching and itching. (4) Differential diagnosis of epilepsy 1. Human cancer syndrome. 2. Congenital abnormal tryptophan metabolism. 3. Vegetable solar dermatitis. (5) Treatment and prevention of epilepsy Nicotinic acid or nicotinamide is a specific drug for the treatment of epilepsy. Prevention: First of all, we should reasonably distribute the diet, improve the nutritional status, eat more foods containing nicotinic acid (meat, liver, beans, rice, peanuts), and pay attention to the collocation of coarse grains and flour and rice in the diet. Section VI Common causes of vitamin B6 deficiency (1)VB6 deficiency 1. Insufficient intake. 2. The demand has increased. 3. Decreased gastrointestinal absorption. 4. Long-term application of some drugs (penicillamine, etc.). ) will lead to the deficiency of VB6. (Clinical manifestations of VB6 deficiency Adults often feel tired, weak, erythema and seborrheic dermatitis, sometimes manifested as hypochromic microcellular anemia, often accompanied by fatigue, tension, dull expression, irritability, insomnia or lethargy, difficulty in walking, weight loss, etc. , a few may have peripheral neuropathy. (3) The clinical manifestations of VB6 deficiency in children are slow growth, increased nerve excitability, screaming, muscle spasms and even convulsions, which may lead to peripheral neuritis, dermatitis and anemia. The good food sources of VB6 are yeast, sunflower seeds, rice sugar, wheat bran, soybean, brown rice, lean meat, liver and poultry. Section 7 The etiology of megaloblastic anemia (1) megaloblastic cells 1. Insufficient intake. 2. The demand has increased. 3. Gastrointestinal dysfunction. 4. Use drugs that affect folic acid metabolism or absorption. (2) The common causes of folic acid deficiency are pregnancy, growth and development, hemolytic anemia, infection, malignant tumor and other diseases. If folic acid is not supplemented in time, it will lead to deficiency. In addition, long-term chronic blood loss and some metabolic disorders in the body are also the causes of acid deficiency. (3) The clinical manifestation of megaloblastic anemia is 1. The general manifestations are: slow movement, pale skin and mucosa, and unconscious symptoms. 2. Gastrointestinal symptoms: early onset, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, accompanied by recurrent glossitis. 3. Hematopoietic system manifestations: mild jaundice, eyelid conjunctiva, mouth sputum and obvious pale nails. 4. Neuropsychiatric manifestations: symmetrical numbness of hands and feet, sensory disturbance and difficulty in walking. 5. Symptoms of circulatory system: enlargement of heart, complicated with cardiac insufficiency. (4) Differentiation between megaloblastic anemia and iron deficiency anemia. Macrocyclic erythroblastic anemia is characterized by a significant decrease in red blood cells compared with hemoglobin, an increase in red blood cell volume, and more typical megaloblastic red blood cells in bone marrow. Iron deficiency anemia is a small cell hypochromic anemia. According to the hemogram and skeleton diagram, we can determine (5) a good food source and supplement of folic acid. Good food sources: green leafy vegetables, citrus, tomatoes, cauliflower, watermelon, yeast, fungi, beef and liver. Oral folic acid1.5-20mg/d. (6) Good food sources and supplements of vitamin B 12: mushrooms, soybeans, eggs, kidneys of dairy animals and bean products. Most patients with VB 12 deficiency are related to malabsorption, and intramuscular injection is the main mode of administration. Section 8 Reasons for vitamin C deficiency (1)VC deficiency 1. Less than 2 intake. Demand has increased. 3. Absorption disorder. 4. Drug action. (2) The clinical manifestation of 2)VC deficiency is 1. General symptoms: onset is slow, and symptoms appear after 3-4 months, such as pale face, weakness, loss of appetite, depression, etc. 2. Hemorrhage symptoms: prominent ecchymosis, purpura and ecchymosis 3. Anemia. Skeletal symptoms: limb pain, wig paralysis (subperiosteal hemorrhage of long bone) 5. Other symptoms: edema, jaundice and fever caused by water retention. (3) Evaluation index of body Vc storage state and evaluation of standard body Vc storage state: plasma VC ≤11.4 UML/L (≤ mgl/L) is deficient, while leukocyte VC.