First, memory is not only an important tool for children to accumulate experience, but also the basis of other psychological activities. Memory can promote the development of children's sensory perception, and also provide direct materials for children to exert their imagination and thinking.
Memory includes memorizing (that is, the process of writing down), maintaining (that is, the believer exists in the brain) and restoring (there are two kinds, one is reappearing, that is, things and people you know in the past are in front of you and feel familiar; The other is memory, that is, images of previously known things and people appear in my mind. This is a very complicated process.
Second, attention is a positive state accompanying children's other psychological activities and a regulating mechanism of psychological activities. It runs through all children's psychological activities. It enables children to concentrate on certain things, choose the information that they are most interested in or think is the most important, and lay the foundation for further effective processing and learning.
The following points should be noted:
1. Compared with adults, children's attention is naturally short, which is not a problem. And each child's attention duration is different, some are longer and some are shorter. Don't compare horizontally. The key is whether he attaches equal importance to everything, or whether he likes something longer and doesn't like something shorter. In the latter case, there is no problem. Secondly, can he learn and remember? If he can learn and remember well, there will be no problem.
2. Few children really become inattentive. Don't be too nervous.
3, inattention is a manifestation of ADHD, and the two are closely related. Some doctors let children with ADHD (not ADHD) take ritalin and other drugs to make them concentrate for a long time, which is effective for some children and ineffective for others. And I don't pay much attention to the general situation, and I don't need to take medicine to solve it.
4. It's best to take the child to the hospital for a check-up to see if the child has ADHD, listen to the doctor's opinion and whether medication is needed.
5. ADHD and inattention will gradually improve with age. Parents need not be too nervous.
Third, observation is the advanced form of children's perception, and observation is the stable quality and ability that children show in the process of paying attention to things. It is one of the main components of intelligence and the basic part of intellectual development.
According to the age of children, gradually teach some observation methods, the following are some common principles:
1, clear observation object
If the object of observation is determined, it is necessary to encourage children to pay attention to observation, and do not easily transfer the target before the observation is very detailed. Children may only be interested in watching goldfish swimming in the water, and then look at other things. At this time, we should provide clues to guide him to continue to observe other characteristics of goldfish (color, shape, mouth and tail posture, etc.). ).
2. Observe things from multiple angles.
For example, observe the crane on the construction site, on the one hand, observe its external structure, on the other hand, observe how it hangs things; When observing apples, we should observe them from the aspects of appearance, color and taste.
3. Compare and contrast similar things.
For example, put apples and pears together and compare their appearance, skin, meat and taste.
4. Observe things orderly, step by step and systematically.
When observing things, teach children to observe them from outside to inside, from top to bottom, from prominent to meticulous, in a certain order. You can plant some small plants at home and teach him to observe their growth characteristics according to time.
Fourth, imagination is the basis of children's understanding. Without association and imagination, there is no understanding. Without understanding, it is impossible for children to master new knowledge and experience. In addition, imagination is also an important means to maintain children's mental health, and children can satisfy some emotional needs through imagination.
V. Thinking ability Thinking is the highest cognitive activity and the core of children's intellectual structure. Concrete thinking in images plays a leading role in children's thinking structure. Therefore, it is most effective to create more problem-solving situations for children and let them develop their thinking ability in the process of solving problems with their hands and brains.
Sixth, the psychological and intellectual level of children with operational ability is largely developed in activities, which in turn promotes the improvement of children's operational ability in activities.
These six aspects of children's intellectual structure are like six boards forming the side wall of a barrel. Only balanced development can improve children's intelligence level as a whole. You can't hold a bucket full of water without a piece of wood. Without a piece, water will flow out from there. This is the so-called "barrel effect". Now let's see, is there anything missing from your child's "intelligence bucket"?