After the physical examination, can I read the physical examination report?
At the end of the year, many units and individuals will organize physical examinations, but they are very confused after the physical examination. The arrows and the plus sign on the medical report are completely incomprehensible. What do these indicators mean, such as triglyceride and neutrophil ratio? What do you mean, up or down?
Many times, you have to register a doctor's answer. Today, an article teaches you to understand these symbols.
1. Blood routine
↓ indicates a low value, and ↑ indicates a high value.
White blood cells (WBC):
Low white blood cells indicate poor body resistance, easy to catch a cold, and easy to infect the skin surface.
High white blood cells indicate that the body may have inflammation, such as tonsillitis, pneumonia, appendicitis and so on. If the white blood cells are too high, it may be related to blood diseases. You should go to the hematology department of the hospital for further examination.
Red blood cells:
Low red blood cells may be anemia, and the typical performance is panting upstairs and sallow complexion.
High red blood cells will increase blood viscosity and cause poor blood circulation.
Platelet (PLT):
Thrombocytopenia, or there may be aplastic anemia, radiation injury, acute leukemia, upper respiratory tract infection and other symptoms or diseases.
Thrombocytosis, or there may be myeloproliferative diseases.
2. Blood sugar
Normal value: 3.9-6.11mmol/L.
Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia may be diabetes, hyperthyroidism, hypercortisolism, acromegaly, pheochromocytoma, glucagon tumor, brain injury and cerebral hemorrhage. Brain tumor, meningitis; During pregnancy vomiting, dehydration and general anesthesia, patients with liver cirrhosis often have elevated blood sugar, which may be related to the increase of growth hormone and glucagon.
Hypoglycemia: excessive insulin secretion or insufficient anti-insulin hormone secretion, thyroid dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency, pituitary cachexia, acute progressive liver disease (acute yellow liver atrophy, acute hepatitis, liver cancer, phosphorus and arsenic poisoning, etc. ).
3. Blood lipids
↓ indicates a low value, and ↑ indicates a high value.
Total cholesterol (CHO): normal reference value: 2.85 ~ 5.69 mmol/L (110 ~ 220 mg/dl). Total cholesterol is too high or too low, or hyperthyroidism may exist; Severe liver disease; Anemia, malnutrition, etc. Or it may cause atherosclerosis, leading to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; All kinds of hyperlipidemia, cholestatic jaundice, hypothyroidism, lipid nephropathy, diabetes, etc.
Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C):
Low low density lipoprotein means that it may exist: cholesterol has no β-lipoprotein, hyperthyroidism, malabsorption, cirrhosis and so on.
Low density lipoprotein is high, or there are hereditary hyperlipoproteinemia, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, obesity and so on. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol can enter arterial wall cells, and high low density lipoprotein cholesterol level can cause atherosclerosis, which makes individuals at risk of coronary heart disease.
High density lipoprotein (HDL-C):
Low-high-density lipoprotein is common in atherosclerosis, acute infection, diabetes, nephrotic syndrome, application of androgen, etc.
High density lipoprotein can limit the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis and play an anti-atherosclerosis role.
4. Liver function
The results of liver function test showed that Hbsag antigen, Hbsab antibody, Hbeag antigen, Hbeab antibody and Hbcab antibody were commonly combined.
"+-+-+"is referred to as "Sanyang" for short, which means that HBV (hepatitis B virus) is infected, and the virus is constantly replicating and contagious.
"+-+"stands for: virus replication and infectivity; If it changes from "Sanyang", it means that the virus replication tends to stop and the infectivity is reduced.
"+-"stands for early HBV infection or chronic HBsAg carrier, indicating that the virus is contagious.
"+-+-"stands for: Acute hepatitis B is contagious at the initial stage.
"+-++"stands for: advanced acute hepatitis B or chronic HBsAg carriers; Or infected with HBV (hepatitis B virus), the e antigen antibody system changes, and the infectivity is relatively small.
"-+-"stands for: the virus has been cleared, is not contagious and has immunity; Or the protective antibody produced after injection of hepatitis B vaccine has acquired immunity.
"-+-+-"stands for: the virus has been cleared, so it has no replication, infectivity and immunity.
"-++"stands for: It implies that HBV was infected in the past, but now the virus has been eliminated, and it is not reproducible and contagious.
The meaning of "-+"is the same as above.
5. Urine test
(1) urinary protein (pro):
Normal condition: negative.
Increased: seen in various nephritis, nephropathy, urinary system infection, kidney calculi's disease, systemic diseases involving kidney, renal damage caused by drugs, etc.
② Urine sugar:
Normal situation: urine sugar is negative if it is normal.
Increased: seen in diabetes, hyperthyroidism, hyperthyroidism, chronic liver disease, etc.
③ Microscopic examination of urine sediment:
Normal condition: white blood cells
Leukocytosis: urinary tract infection, urinary calculi, urinary tuberculosis, urinary tumors, etc.
Polycythemia: urinary calculi, renal tubular nephritis, urinary vascular malformation, hemorrhagic diseases, etc.
Increased casts: red blood cell casts: acute stage of nephropathy, etc. Leukocyte cast: suppurative infection, etc.
④ Urinary bilirubin (BIL):
Normal condition: negative.
Positive: obstructive jaundice, hepatocellular jaundice, congenital non-hemolytic jaundice, etc.
(5) ketone:
Normal condition: negative.
Positive: diabetes, hunger, vomiting, dehydration, fever, hypothyroidism, etc.