It mainly includes routine hematuria, liver and kidney function, blood lipid, blood sugar, hemorheology, hormones, tumor markers and so on.
What is a blood test?
1. Eight items of liver function+six items of blood lipid+blood routine.
1 and alanine aminotransferase are the most sensitive indicators to reflect hepatocyte injury. Whether it is viral hepatitis, toxic hepatitis, liver cancer, or even fatty liver (fat accumulation in the liver promotes the change of adipogenic inflammation), it will lead to the increase of alanine aminotransferase.
2. Detection index of total bilirubin (TBIL) liver cell injury
3. The detection index of direct bilirubin (DBIL) liver cell injury is helpful to distinguish various types of jaundice.
4. Detection index of liver cell damage caused by transpeptidase (GGT)
5. The content of total cholesterol (CHOL) in serum is too high, which is easy to cause fatty liver, arteriosclerosis, stroke and gallstones.
6. Triglycerides (TG) come from lipids, rice, noodles, etc. If the value is too high, it is easy to suffer from arteriosclerosis and fatty liver.
7. High density lipoprotein (HDL-C) has a protective effect on blood vessels, and low blood content is prone to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
8. Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) is an important index for detecting arteriosclerosis, and the higher it is, the worse it is.
9. Urea nitrogen (BUN) When the renal function is impaired, metabolites accumulate in the body, and this value increases.
10 and creatinine (Cr) were used to detect renal excretion function.
1 1, uric acid (UA) includes gout, decreased renal function, metabolic syndrome and kidney calculi. And uric acid will be high.
12, ESR indicates various diseases such as inflammation, rheumatism and even malignant tumor.
13, determination of blood Calcium (ca), low value, beware of osteoporosis, etc.
14, fasting blood glucose (GLU) is the most basic method for screening diabetes.
15, hemorheology examination (over 40 years old) is helpful to predict thrombotic diseases, such as stroke.
16 and alpha-fetoprotein are important indexes for clinical diagnosis of liver cancer.
Blood routine generally looks at the following items:
1, red blood cell count, the increase is more common in polycythemia; Reduction is anemia, and the lower the reduction, the more serious the anemia.
2. The change trend of hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count is consistent, which can preliminarily judge the cause of anemia.
3, white blood cell count, increased mainly in infectious diseases, such as suppurative tonsillitis; Leukemia also shows an increase in white blood cell count, so if white blood cells increase, further examination should be done.
4. Platelet count is a necessary substance for blood coagulation. The decrease of PLT will cause bleeding, and the increase is not a good thing, especially for middle-aged and elderly people, which means that blood is easy to coagulate and the probability of thrombosis will increase.
Two or five indicators of hepatitis B (two and a half indicators of hepatitis B)
1, hepatitis B surface antigen is positive, which probably indicates that there is hepatitis B virus in the body at present.
2, hepatitis B surface antibody positive, indicating that the human body is immune to hepatitis B virus at present, and the possibility of hepatitis B virus reinfection is relatively small.
3. Hepatitis B E antigen is positive, indicating that there are not only viruses in the body, but also active replication in liver cells, which means that it is contagious.
4. Hepatitis B E antibody is positive. When the patient changes from hepatitis B E antigen positive to hepatitis B E antibody positive, it shows that the replication of hepatitis B virus in the body has stopped or obviously weakened, and the infectivity is weak. This is an important sign of disease improvement, but it is not a sign of recovery.
5. The core antibody of hepatitis B virus is positive, indicating that it has been infected with hepatitis B virus. After the appearance of core antibody, it exists in human body for a long time, which can last for more than ten years or even decades.
Helicobacter pylori is the direct cause of chronic active gastritis, which is closely related to gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer and some gastric lymphomas.
4.EB virus antibody-EBV is closely related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
5. The titer of anti-streptolysin O- serum ASO increased, suggesting that there is a recent infection of Streptococcus pyogenes, which is of great significance for the diagnosis of acute tonsillitis, acute glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever.
What can I usually check when I go to the hospital for a blood test?
Most blood tests are to check liver and kidney function, and the general examination is mainly liver function. It's just a general physical examination. Don't worry about anything. Even if there are related diseases, they will tell you to pay attention. Follow-up: What I want to check is anemia and malnutrition. I'm afraid I didn't check anemia and malnutrition after the test results came out, but I checked smoking. I'm afraid of being found out because I have my parents with me. Answer: I understand this question myself. It's okay to go through the back door, or it's okay to find a way to get people to go without their parents.
How is the blood test of health certificate? What else to check?
blood routine examination
Generally, peripheral blood is taken for examination, such as blood from fingertips and earlobes. In the past, due to low efficiency and heavy workload, routine blood examination was divided into gauge A or gauge B. However, with the development of modernization and automation, now the examination is basically carried out by machines. There are more than ten items of routine blood examination, such as table 15- 1 (routine blood examination sheet):
Red blood cell (RBC) count
Normal reference value
Male: 4.0-5.5x 10 12 power/l (4 million-5.5 million /mm to the third power);
Female: 3.5-5.0 x 10 12 power/l (3.5-50,000 /mm to the third power);
Clinical significance
Erythrocytosis
1. It suggests congenital heart disease, cor pulmonale, emphysema, maladjustment at high altitude, etc.
2. Diarrhea, sweating collapse and other diseases that cause dehydration and blood concentration;
3. Some malignant tumors, such as cerebellar hemangioma, renal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, androgen secreting cell tumor, etc.
red blood cells reducing
1. Anemia caused by different causes;
2. The relative decrease of red blood cells caused by hemodilution, such as improper infusion and drinking too much hypotonic fluid.
explain
This effect should be considered when a large amount of liquid is input during blood test. hemoglobin
Normal reference value
1. Male:120 ~160g/L (12-16g/dl);
2. Female:110-150g/L (1-15g/dl);
3. Newborn:170-200g/L (17-20g/DL).
Clinical significance
Similar to red blood cell count, but hemoglobin determination is more accurate. In anemia, both of them decline, but the degree of decline is not completely parallel. Generally speaking, the decrease of hemoglobin in iron deficiency anemia is more obvious than that in red blood cells, while in malignant anemia, the decrease of red blood cells is more obvious than that in hemoglobin.
According to the degree of hemoglobin reduction, anemia can be divided into four levels:
Mild (male hemoglobin < 120g/L, female hemoglobin <110g/L);
Moderate (hemoglobin < 90g/L);
Severe (hemoglobin < 60g/L);
Extremely severe (hemoglobin < 30g/L).
explain
This effect should be considered when a large amount of liquid is input during blood test. Morphological changes of erythrocytes
Normal reference value
1. Hematocrit: male: 42%-49%; Female: 37%-48%;
2. Mean diameter of red blood cells (MCD): 7.33 soil 0.29 micron;
3. Mean red blood cell volume (MCV): 80-94 fl (80-94 μ m cubic);
4. Mean hemoglobin (MCH) of red blood cells: 26-32pg;
5. Mean hemoglobin concentration of red blood cells (MCHC): 310-350g/L;
6. Cell survival time:110-130 days;
7. Red blood cell half-life: 26-34 days;
8. Circulating red blood cell volume: 29. 1-30.3 ml/kg body weight;
9. Reticulocyte count: 0.5% ~ 1.5%, 24-84x 10 to the 9th power/L (24,000-84,000 to the 3rd power /mm).
Clinical significance
The change of erythrocyte morphology is of great significance to anemia, various blood diseases and some serious diseases. Such as megaloblastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, abnormal hemoglobin disease, thalassemia, severe liver disease, disseminated capillary hemolysis (DIC), uremia, cardiogenic hemolytic anemia, etc.
explain
This effect should be considered when a large amount of liquid is input during blood test.
Total white blood cell count
Normal reference value
1. Adult: 4 4-10X 10+00 to the 9th power /L (4000- 10000/mm to the 3rd power);
2. Children: 5.0- 12x 10 to the 9th power /L (5000- 12000/mm to the 3rd power);
3. Newborn: 15—20X 10 to the 9th power /L( 15000—20000/mm to the 3rd power).
Clinical significance
Generally found in infectious diseases, immune diseases, radiation diseases, hematological diseases, allergic diseases, etc. & gt
Physical examination, blood test, what?
There are too many things that can be detected.
Generally, only laboratory tests, blood routine (blood cell analysis), blood sugar, liver function, renal function, blood type and so on are done.