Overview of mental health of preschool children 1. What is mental health?
1946, the third international conference on mental health defined mental health as: "Mental health refers to the development of an individual's mental state to the best within the range of not contradicting others' mental health physically, intellectually and emotionally".
In our country, people generally believe that mental health is an efficient and pleasant adaptation to the environment, and it is a state in which individuals achieve physiological, psychological and social harmony and maintain good psychological function in the process of adapting to the environment.
Mental health standards of preschool children
1. Normal intellectual development
2. Emotional stability and moderate emotional response
3. Willing to communicate with others and harmonious interpersonal relationship.
4. Behavior unification and coordination
5. Good personality.
Factors affecting infants' mental health
1. Physiological factors
(1) Genetic factors
⑵ Congenital non-genetic factors
(3) Acquired brain injury
⑷ Changes of biochemical indexes in vivo
2. Psychological factors
(1) Personality characteristics:
"Difficult to raise" and "easy to raise"
(2) Psychological conflict
(3) Emotion and emotion
(4) Self-awareness
3. Social factors
(1) family
Family structure; Family atmosphere; Parents' educational attitudes and methods; Parents' cultural quality and psychological quality (2) nursery institutions.
Kindergarten environmental factors; Kindergarten teacher factor
(3) society
Measures to maintain and promote mental health
1. Improve the environment
2. Carry out psychological counseling
3. Strengthen health care measures to promote health.
4. Children's mental health education
Section 2 Common psychological obstacles of preschool children and their prevention? Psychological disorder is a mild trauma in psychological activities, especially in specific
Psychological abnormality caused by bad stimulation under the situation and specific time conditions.
Psychological disorder belongs to a temporary local abnormal state in normal psychological activities. If the long-term persistent psychological disorder is not properly adjusted and can not be freed from it, it will easily lead to mental illness.
The common psychological barriers of preschool children are emotional barriers and language barriers.
Obstacles, sleep disorders, etc.
First, emotional disorders.
1, children's anxiety
Children's anxiety disorder is an emotional experience accompanied by fear and anxiety in childhood, often accompanied by autonomic nervous system dysfunction. This kind of fear and anxiety has no specific direction, but it always feels that something unknown is going to happen, just like a catastrophe.
This is a common emotional disorder.
(1) performance
Anxious children are uneasy, irritable, unhappy, timid, afraid and sensitive to environmental changes.
When anxiety attacks, children will show symptoms of autonomic nervous dysfunction, such as excessive irritability, anxiety, poor sleep, nightmares, talking in dreams, loss of appetite, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, profuse sweating and frequent urination. Children often dare not sleep alone at night, afraid of the dark, often need their mother to accompany them, often accompanied by nocturnal enuresis.
Because of their poor academic performance and sensitivity to unfamiliar environment, these children often worry, fear and even panic.