general idea
Different qigong exercises have different characteristics and requirements, but the same requirements are: relax nature, follow one's inclinations, combine training and recuperation, combine static and dynamic, step by step, treat people according to their illness, persevere in life and be moderate. Most of the above requirements apply to all kinds of qigong. Practitioners should also refer to the specific requirements of this qigong when practicing a certain skill. Generally, people suffering from mental illness, massive hemorrhage, high fever, various acute diseases and acute infectious diseases should not practice Qigong. Combine acquired qi and innate vitality into a noble and upright kung fu; The science of self-regulation, self-exercise, health and longevity in the process of life.
[Edit this paragraph] Development course
Qigong birthplace
The birthplace of Qigong is China. Qigong has a long history in China. The content of ancient Qigong is usually called breathing, moving qi, regulating qi, persuading, guiding, alchemy, monasticism, meditation and so on. China's classical Qigong theory is based on the traditional Chinese medicine fitness theory. It turns out that part of Qigong is called "dance", such as "the bones and muscles can't be contracted, so it is passed on by dance" in Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, part of Qigong was summarized as "guiding and pressing stilts". Huangdi Neijing, a monograph of traditional Chinese medicine, records the cultivation methods of "lifting heaven and earth, grasping yin and yang, absorbing essence, nourishing the mind independently, nourishing the muscles as one", "concentrating" and "nourishing the mind as one". The breathing technique of "shush or blow" is mentioned in Laozi. "Zhuangzi" also has "bragging and panting, getting rid of the old and getting new, and the bear is stretched out by the bird, just for longevity. Peng Zushou's hobby as a candidate is also recorded. Among the cultural relics unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province, there are the silk book "Birds Eat Together" and the colorful silk painting guide map. Quegu Shi Qi is a book that mainly introduces the methods of breathing and vomiting. The guide map is the earliest map of Qigong, with 44 images, which is a portrayal of ancient people using Qigong to prevent and treat diseases.
Brief introduction of development process
The original qigong has no name, and the latter part is called "dance". For example, in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, "The bones and muscles can't be contracted, so dance is used to promote them". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qigong was summarized as "guiding on stilts", such as "flaccidity, cold and heat should be guided on stilts" in Su Wenyi's Treatise on Prescriptions and Medicine, while meditation, fetal interest, moving qi, convincing, regulating qi, Sunday, Neidan, etc., which are scattered in famous works of all ages, also belong to Qigong. As for the word "Qigong", it was first seen in the book Lingjianzi by Xu Xun, a Taoist priest in the Jin Dynasty. Even the later works are the Sui and Tang Dynasties at the latest. The book Qi Jing, which appeared after the Sui and Tang Dynasties, recorded that "Qigong is wonderful, and the way of Qigong is similar ...", but its connotation is not completely in line with what we are talking about now. Qigong, which is widely used now, was gradually popularized after the establishment of Beidaihe Qigong Sanatorium in the 1950s. Qigong is a kind of physical and mental exercise method with the means of regulating heart, qi and body, preventing and treating diseases, strengthening body and prolonging life, and developing potential. Self-adjustment means adjusting psychological activities, breathing movements, body posture and movements. These three tones are the basic methods of qigong exercise and the three major elements or basic norms of qigong discipline. Qigong is gradually formed in people's practice in production, life and medical treatment. Qigong therapy and exercise therapy are both related and different. Exercise therapy can include exercise therapy, but exercise therapy cannot replace Qigong therapy. Physical exercise is always just one of the means of qigong to adjust the heart, and breathing exercise is also for adjusting the heart. The three tones are a unified whole and must be centered on the adjustment of the heart. The combination of internal training and external training, mainly internal training. Qi in qigong refers to "internal qi" and "true qi", which has a deeper meaning. Qigong therapy [1] has comprehensive characteristics, at least it is a combination of psychotherapy and physical therapy.
stage of development
China's Qigong has a history of thousands of years, but the word Qigong did not appear very early. It was first seen in Ling Jian Zi by Xu Xun in Jin Dynasty. According to the investigation, it is considered that this book was not written by Xu Xun himself, because many qigong terms in the book were used after the Song Dynasty, so it was not written before the Song Dynasty. However, its ideas may have been handed down from generation to generation by Xu Xun, a sect teacher and disciple. In the book Lingjianzi, the word Qigong is not used as a special noun. In the past, practicing martial arts was called practicing martial arts, that is, practicing monasticism or practicing qi. It can be interpreted as practicing Sunday, breathing, or luck to promote qi, that is, strengthening the function of qi. On the one hand, Xiu De does good deeds, on the other hand, he changes his body, and when it is completed to a certain extent, it is called "knife qigong". After the Jin Dynasty, Taoism, Buddhism and other religions flourished in China. Religion uses qigong and mystifies it. Qigong is a practice of Xiu De, which is very specific and practical. However, after religiousization, the pursuit is the cultivation of becoming a god, an immortal and a Buddha. In this way, the scientific essence of Qigong is gone. However, if we turn to the history of Qigong in China, we can see that during the Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were many works named after Qi by the ancients, such as Qi Jue and Qi Jing, all of which were about practicing and using Qi. There are dozens of ways to practice and use Qi in Qi Jing, and there are even ways to emit external Qi, which is called "emitting Qi". Later religions drowned qigong, and the word qigong disappeared. After the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, in order to resist foreign aggression, many martial arts practitioners applied Qigong to martial arts and gradually formed Wushu Qigong. With the rise of Wushu Qigong, the theological thought of religion was gradually broken. You said that there are gods, Buddhas and ghosts. When you practice, you ask God to worship Buddha, saying that there are gods and Buddhas to bless you, and you can kill them in war. Why doesn't the Buddha come to bless you at this time? Gradually, people's faith in religion became indifferent, and Qigong gradually divorced from religion and began to practice again. In the Song Dynasty, people began to talk about breathing. With the development of Wushu Qigong, Wutang School and Shaolin School gradually formed. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were Wu Tangzong's works and Shaolin School's works "The Secret of Shaolin Boxing", among which there was a special chapter "Qigong Interpretation", which specifically expounded Qigong. It is clearly pointed out: "Qigong has two theories: one is to nourish qi and the other is to practice qi." So the word qigong was gradually called again. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, practicing Qi became more prominent, and more people engaged in Qigong in the early years of the Republic of China. 193 1 year, Wang officially published the book Detailed Explanation of Italian Qigong, which was directly named after Qigong. Many doctors practice Taoism and Buddhism and apply them to medical treatment, which is called "Qigong therapy". Qigong Therapy, written by Dong Hao at 1934, was the first one to treat tuberculosis. 1938, Fang Gongpu published a record of qigong treatment experience and founded an office park qigong treatment hospital. In this way, the word Qigong originated from Xu Xun's book Dao Qigong Cheng in the Jin Dynasty, and later developed into martial arts Qigong, and later became Qigong therapy, but the word Qigong did not spread widely. It was not until after liberation that an old cadre named Liu, with the consent and support of the Health Department of Hebei Province, summed up his acrobatics and many years of clinical experience and compiled a book "Qigong Therapy Practice", which was officially published under the care of the Ministry of Health and later translated into a foreign language. Qigong Therapy spread at home and abroad. Later, Qigong was regarded as a part of Chinese medicine, and Qigong sanatorium and Qigong sanatorium were established, which made great achievements in the treatment and research of Qigong. Unfortunately, the Cultural Revolution pushed China's traditional culture, Qigong, to the bottom of eighteen layers of hell. Qigong practitioners have become "ghosts". In this way, Qigong was basically "killed" and cleaned up. After the Cultural Revolution, the cause of Qigong has undergone unprecedented changes, and Zhengdao Gongpai has developed into a unique science. Now everyone agrees that this is a custom. When it comes to Qigong, everyone knows that it refers to a special knowledge. "Qigong" has become synonymous with a specialized knowledge about people's physical and mental health.