In the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" proposal adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, "the quality of the people and the level of social civilization have been significantly improved" has become one of the new target requirements for building a well-off society in an all-round way.
According to the requirements of the new goal, in the next five years, in terms of national quality and social civilization, it is necessary to realize that "the Chinese dream and socialist core values are more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, patriotism, collectivism and socialist ideas are widely promoted, the social fashion of kindness, honesty and mutual help is more intense, the people's ideological and moral quality, scientific and cultural quality and health quality are obviously improved, and the awareness of the rule of law in the whole society is constantly enhanced." The public cultural service system has been basically completed, and the cultural industry has become a pillar industry of the national economy. The influence of China culture continues to expand. "
"History is a process of social development from low to high, and it is also a process of human evolution. The new society should be composed of new people. To build a well-off society in an all-round way, we must realize "tool innovation" and "human innovation" The remarkable improvement of national quality and social civilization is the cultural embodiment of the goal of a well-off society in an all-round way. " Professor Liu Haitao, deputy director of the Social Studies Department of the Central Party School, told the reporter of Outlook News Weekly.
The experts interviewed believe that the improvement of national quality and social civilization is not only the proper meaning of building a well-off society in an all-round way, but also depends on the continuous improvement and development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's system. Plant trees for ten years and educate people for a hundred years. To improve people's quality and social civilization, we should not only "strike hard" in the next five years, but also "educate" the people with a long-term view.
It is related to the overall situation of the overall well-off strategy.
According to the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" proposal, ideological and moral quality, scientific and cultural quality, health quality and awareness of the rule of law are all important components of national quality; Public cultural service system, cultural industry and Chinese cultural influence are also indicators of national quality and social civilization.
Specifically, at the personal level, "the improvement of national quality and social civilization is ultimately reflected in the level of' human modernization', such as the improvement of national education quality, the recognition, inheritance and development of national spirit and traditional culture, the improvement of national moral quality, and the concern and pursuit of spiritual life." Gao Hongcun, deputy director of the Cultural Policy and Management Research Center of the National School of Administration, said.
At the social level, "it also includes the learning atmosphere and cultural creativity of the whole society, as well as the service and level of public cultural services and cultural consumption." Gao Hongcun said.
On the whole, national quality and social civilization are related to the overall strategic situation of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Gao Hongcun said: "To build a well-off society in an all-round way, we must promote the' five major constructions' of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction. Improving the quality of the people and the degree of social civilization is an important aspect of cultural construction."
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening-up, China's economy has developed continuously and rapidly, and it has become the second largest economy in the world. "However, there are still cultural shortcomings in the rise of China, including national quality and social civilization." Gao Hongcun said.
In reality, national quality is also an important part of the comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness of all countries in the world today. Yin Chuanhong, a popular science writer and executive deputy secretary-general of China Popular Science Writers Association, told this reporter: "In the final analysis, enhancing comprehensive national strength lies in improving the quality of the people. In particular, the national scientific and cultural quality as the basis of scientific and technological innovation is one of the core contents that cannot be ignored in a well-off society in an all-round way. "
In the global environment, the basic quality of each ethnic group member is one of the key factors for a nation to stand among the world's outstanding ethnic groups for a long time. The level of national quality reflects the level of national spiritual civilization construction, which is a major event related to national image and national prestige.
"During the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, efforts to improve the quality of the people and the level of social civilization can solve the problem of relatively weak cultural construction in reality, satisfy the cultural hunger of some people, improve the moral quality of the people, enhance the credit level of socialist market economic activities, and provide the source of living water for the cultural innovation of the whole society." Gao Hongcun said.
Civilization gap in the state of etiquette
"At present, there is still a certain gap between our national quality and the level of social civilization and developed countries, especially in terms of social order and social atmosphere." Liu Haitao said.
For example, China is a state of etiquette with a civilization of 5,000 years. Honesty and trustworthiness, respect for the old and love for the young, and helpfulness are excellent traditional virtues. Now we are surrounded by moral models who moved China, as well as spitting, littering, queuing, "touching porcelain" and other behaviors, which are all lack of morality and civilization. In recent years, events and topics such as "Little Yue Yue" incident and "Will the old man help him when he falls down" have continuously triggered public heated discussions on public order and good customs.
Scientific quality is an important part of national quality. To have basic scientific quality, citizens need to know the necessary scientific and technological knowledge, master basic scientific methods, establish scientific ideas, advocate scientific spirit, and have the ability to use these knowledge to deal with practical problems and participate in public affairs.
The results of the ninth national survey on citizens' scientific literacy released by China Association for Science and Technology show that the proportion of Chinese citizens with scientific literacy has reached 6.20% in 20 15 years, which is still far from the level of developed countries. The development of citizens' scientific quality in China is unbalanced, showing great regional and urban-rural differences. The proportion of rural residents with scientific literacy is only 2.43%, and the proportion of citizens with scientific literacy in the western region is less than 4.2%.
Yin Chuanhong said: "The scientific quality of China citizens is generally low, which is far from the scientific quality that citizens need to build a well-off society in an all-round way. The scientific rationality and independent thinking ability of the public need to be strengthened. This situation cannot effectively meet the challenges brought by the world scientific and technological revolution and social change, nor can it fully meet the needs of building a well-off society in an all-round way and building an innovative country. "
"Without the health of the whole people, there will be no overall well-off." Health literacy refers to the ability of individuals to obtain and understand basic health information and services, and make correct decisions by using these information and services to maintain and promote their own health. The results of the third national health literacy monitoring of urban and rural residents announced by the National Health and Family Planning Commission show that although the health literacy level of Chinese residents has steadily improved, it is still at a low level. In 20 13 years, less than 10 citizens aged from 5 to 69 have basic health literacy.
Xiong Zhaowen, a professor at the Law School of Minzu University of China, told the reporter of Looking at Newsweek: "After the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee proposed to comprehensively promote the rule of law, the people's awareness of the rule of law is awakening, and the expectations and beliefs of party and government officials and the public on the rule of law are constantly increasing. However, there is still a big gap between the concepts of some citizens and the requirements of a modern society ruled by law. Some people prefer to believe in hidden rules rather than open rules. The public's belief in the rule of law is not enough. "
"In order to make the national quality and social civilization achieve the goal of a well-off society in an all-round way, we should ideally pursue the organic unity of capitalist beliefs and the ideals of the people of all ethnic groups in China; Morally, we should adapt to the socialist market economy, coordinate with socialist laws and regulations, inherit Chinese traditional virtues, combine the requirements of advanced nature with those of universality, encourage and support all ethics and morals that are conducive to liberating and developing productive forces, national unity, national unity and social progress, pursue truth, goodness and beauty, resist false ugliness, carry forward healthy trends, fulfill citizens' rights and obligations, and strive for a better life with honest labor; Culturally, it is necessary to have a high degree of scientific and cultural knowledge, labor skills and qualities suitable for socialized mass production and socialist democratic politics; Discipline should cultivate civic awareness, the concept of democracy and the rule of law in socialist countries, and good habits of observing social behavior norms. " Liu Haitao said.
Take a long view and educate people for a hundred years
"Ten years of trees, a hundred years of tree people. The overall improvement of national quality is a long-term and gradual process. " Gao Hongcun said. In order to realize the task of "significantly improving the national quality and social civilization" in the next five years, it is better to seize these five years to form a high understanding of improving the national quality and social civilization in the whole society, take a long-term view and put people first.
First of all, promoting the self-improvement and development of the socialist system and striving to create a social environment in which outstanding talents stand out are the only way to significantly improve the quality of the people and the degree of social civilization.
"By promoting the reform of economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization, we will build Socialism with Chinese characteristics in an all-round way and create a good external environment for improving people's quality. The fundamental task is to liberate and develop productive forces. " Liu Haitao said, "This enables people to seek cooperation, expand contacts and transform themselves in the market competition, thereby improving labor productivity, increasing free time, constantly obtaining conditions for cultivating individuality and promoting the comprehensive and coordinated development of physical strength and intelligence, generating a thirst for talents and knowledge, forming a social atmosphere that respects knowledge and talents, and gradually enabling people to manage their own affairs according to law and cultivate their autonomy."
Gao Hongcun suggested that public cultural services have an important impact on improving the quality of the people. It is necessary to innovate cultural management and promote the integrated development of public cultural service system and cultural industry.
Secondly, education is the cornerstone of national rejuvenation and social progress, and plays a fundamental role in improving people's ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality. Gao Hongcun suggested that we should attach importance to the important role of education in inheriting excellent traditional culture, cultivate and educate young people to love the excellent traditional culture of the motherland, enhance cultural self-confidence and improve the quality of the people.
Yin Chuanhong suggested actively carrying out publicity and education on Chinese dream and scientific and technological dream, promoting the whole society to implement the innovation-driven development strategy in depth, and promoting the transformation of development to relying mainly on scientific and technological progress, improving the quality of workers and managing innovation.
Third, we should give play to the exemplary role of "key population" and "key minority". Liu Jianyi, a professor at the Social and Cultural Teaching and Research Department of the National School of Administration, suggested that leading cadres and public figures should set an example and carry out special education on "three strictness and three realities"; If public figures are involved in drug abuse and moral corruption, they should be dealt with seriously according to laws and regulations.
Fourth, promote system construction and standardize state behavior. The interviewed experts believe that social integrity, civilized behavior and other contents related to social morality and discipline can be implemented in social behavior by strengthening system construction, establishing behavior norms and reward and punishment mechanisms. For example, the State Council is speeding up the construction of social credit system, focusing on promoting the construction of honesty culture, establishing a trustworthy incentive mechanism and a faithless punishment mechanism, and widely forming a strong atmosphere of being proud of and ashamed of trustworthiness in the whole society, making honesty and trustworthiness a conscious code of conduct for the whole people.
Liu said: "National quality and social civilization are not a separate moral field, but are closely related to the law in real life. Therefore, on the one hand, we should constantly improve our legal system, on the other hand, we should also pay attention to using legal thinking and legal methods to solve social problems. "
"It is not difficult to know, but difficult to do." "In the process of improving the quality of the people and the level of social civilization, the traditional spirit of' integration of knowledge and action' in ancient China has become more important." Gao Hongcun said.
reference data
Han Bing. Outlook weekly. Beijing: Xinhua News Agency, 20 15.