Answers to frequently asked questions of annual eye examination.
Speaking of annual inspection, car owners are no strangers. The car needs annual inspection, the business license needs annual inspection, and the "window of the soul" of the eyes also needs annual inspection, especially the fundus.
Why does the fundus need an annual inspection?
Fundus is the only part of the whole body where arteries, veins and capillaries can be observed directly and intensively with naked eyes. These blood vessels can reflect the dynamic blood circulation and health status of the whole body. Many systemic diseases can be reflected from the fundus, such as fundus hemorrhage, which is a serious complication of diabetes. Hypertension, coronary heart disease and kidney disease will also leave "clues" in the fundus.
Not only are there many kinds of fundus diseases, but most of them have great damage to visual function. People generally lack a correct understanding of fundus diseases, and often miss the best treatment opportunity, which makes their eyesight irretrievably damaged and even blind. If it can be found in time and treated early, the effect is still good. Therefore, it is necessary to do an annual inspection of the fundus.
Which groups of people need annual fundus examination?
0 1, diabetic population
The course of diabetes and the severity of abnormal blood sugar are the main risk factors of diabetic retinopathy and one of the four major blinding diseases. Patients with type I diabetes should have fundus examination within 5 years after diagnosis. Patients with type 2 diabetes should be examined for the first time after diagnosis, once a year for those without lesions and once every 3 months for those with severe lesions.
02, middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old.
Age-related macular degeneration is an aging change in the structure of macular area of fundus, which is mainly manifested as decreased vision, visual distortion and color vision changes. Most of them are over 50 years old, and their prevalence rate increases with age. At present, the early symptoms of age-related macular degeneration are not obvious, which is easy to be ignored, thus delaying treatment. Therefore, middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old should have an annual eye examination for early detection and treatment.
03. People with high myopia
Myopia above 600 degrees is generally considered as high myopia, and its fundus is often pathological, so it is also called pathological myopia. The axial length of high myopia is longer than that of normal people, and the retina becomes thinner with the axial length, and the probability of retinal degeneration, retinal detachment and fundus hemorrhage is higher than that of normal people. Regular fundus examination can early detect peripheral retinal degeneration, retinal holes and other conditions that can cause retinal detachment, and timely deal with them to reduce the occurrence of retinal detachment.
04. Patients with hypertension
With the development of hypertension, fundus arterioles appear sclerosis. Therefore, tracking the changes of fundus blood vessels is valuable for judging the stages, types and prognosis of hypertension, especially for those with unstable blood pressure control for a long time, and fundus examination should be done at least once a year.