/kloc-in July of 0/9, the Japanese army attacked Jiangyin County and threw bombs at the southeast township of Jiangyin, which opened the prelude to the defense of Jiangyin.
After the war in Shanghai, the Japanese army also attached great importance to the strategic position of Jiangyin fortress. China believed that the Japanese naval fleet assembled in Jiangyin fortress not only hindered the air combat in Nanjing, but also threatened Japanese ships moving along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River with its long-range artillery fire. Therefore, whether it is because of the need of air combat or blocking the southeast coast of China, the Chinese fleet must be annihilated.
However, for fear of the strong firepower and mine-laying ability of Jiangyin Fortress (which was not actually implemented), Lieutenant General Ito Hasegawa, commander of the Third Fleet, rejected the suggestion of directly attacking Jiangyin, and instead dispatched the 2nd United Air Force (No.2 Air Force 12 and No.3 Air Force 13 based on land) and the 2nd Air Force carrier "Kaga" based on the sea to carry out this task. The specific operational arrangement is to suppress the carrier-based aircraft first, use some carrier-based attack aircraft to contain the battery, and then attack the "Pinghai" and "Ninghai" ships with the main force. Regrettably, until now, the China Navy is still preparing for the battle according to the pattern of the decisive battle of the surface fleet, and it lacks psychological preparation for the means of engagement of the Japanese army, mainly aviation. Minister Chen Shaokuan has clearly instructed: "If the enemy wants to sail from the Yangtze River with a fleet, he must break our blockade. If we want to break our blockade, we must first destroy our navy and guard it. Judging from the topography of the Yangtze River and the performance of the navy, to achieve its strategic goals, it is necessary to use its navy. ……"
On August 1937 and 1 1 day, the navy dispatched survey vessels Ganlu, Tali, Qingtian and gunboats Suining and Weining to destroy the Western Zhou Dynasty, Hupukou, Tiehuangsha, Xigang Road, Langshan and Dasha. Each ship completed the operation of breaking the navigation mark in two days, which made the enemy ship lose the navigation mark. At the same time, the main assembly of the 1 Fleet and the 2nd Fleet of the Navy from Hukou and Shimonoseki to Jiangyin has been completed, and 49 warships have entered the Yangtze River for standby, "guarding the capital".
On August 12, the main forces of the two fleets assembled on Jiangyin River. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the navy mobilized on a large scale for the first time, and all the officers and men of the navy were in high spirits and vowed to fight to the death with the Japanese aggressors! However, when the fleet was concentrated on Jiangyin River, the officers and men who were waiting for the banner of "China earnestly hoped that everyone would do their part" were surprised to find that they would witness the largest collective self-sinking of China Navy.
The first batch of self-sinking warships are the oldest Tongji training ship, Datong, cruiser, Desheng, water carrier, survey boat (retired) and torpedo boats marked "Chen" and "Su" (all retired). Most of these warships are old ships left over from the Qing Dynasty. In addition, the navy also collected Jiahe, Xin Ming, Tonghua, Yushun, Taishun, Guangli, Lion Dance, Huaxin, Huian, Tongli, Quiet and Kunxing from China Merchants and People's Steamship Company. 1 when the fleet arrived in jiangyin, 28 military and civilian ships waiting for self-sinking had been moored on junshan river.
At 8: 00 am on June 5438+02, ships on Jiangyin River held a flag-raising ceremony under the leadership of the "Pinghai" ship. At 8 o'clock sharp, the "Pinghai" ship held a flag-raising ceremony, and the officers and men of each ship saluted the military flag on the side of the ship. Commander Chen Shaokuan's flag rose to the top of the main mast to the sound of military music. It is funny and heavy that a country's navy should protect its territorial waters in such a tragic way! Subsequently, the self-wrecking team was led by the flagship "Tongji" and headed for Fujiangsha.
When the ships reached their positions, they gave the order to sink in Chen Shaokuan, Pinghai. At the same time, the ship opened the underwater door and slowly sank. Chen Shaokuan stood on the bridge of "Pinghai" and was speechless. On that day, the whistle wailed and the national flag hung low, which made people want to cry.
Because the current is very fast, most of the first ships were washed away from the ideal position by the current when they sank, which led to incomplete blockade. The admiralty found that the blockade was incomplete and there were many gaps, so it requisitioned three civilian ships, namely Fair, Wan Chai and Yongji, sank into the blockade and seized Ji 'an, Zhen 'an, Fu 'an, Han 'an, Tai 'an and Shashi in Zhenjiang, Wuhu, Jiujiang and Hankou. The Admiralty also asked the Executive Yuan to instruct the governments of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Hubei provinces to urgently requisition 185 civilian ships and salt ships, and to sink full of stones into the gap of the blockade line. These civilian ships used 309,400 cubic feet of stone, or 65,020 tons. If we add the four cruisers "Hairong", "Haiqi", "Haichou" and "Haichen" that sank on September 25th, 43 old warships and merchant ships will sink in Jiangyin river closure operation, with a total tonnage of more than 63,800 tons.
On September 19, a bigger battle began.
On this day, Ito Hasegawa, commander-in-chief of Japan's Third Fleet, ordered the Second United Air Force (just transferred from Dalian to the newly-built Shanghai University of Technology Airport on September 10) to carry out "indiscriminate" bombing of Nanjing city.
At 8: 00 a.m. 15 a.m., the alarm sounded loudly, and the observation tower of Jiangyin fortress reported that a large number of enemy planes were flying to Jiangyin from the downstream! All naval gunners are in position. A few minutes later, I saw a huge fleet of 33 enemy planes flying southwest at an altitude of 3000 meters.
This day is the famous "9. 19 Air Combat" Day. The 4th Brigade of our Air Force shot down 4 enemy planes, injuring 1 person. Liu Cuigang, the later legend of China Air Force, became famous in World War I. At around 9: 20, the alarm sounded again. The navy saw that the enemy plane flying west 1 hour ago was returning at random, and it was expected to be defeated by our air force, so it "saw off" with a gun. The enemy plane was in shock, unwilling to fight again, didn't fire a shot, didn't throw a bullet, and all fled east at high speed. At 2: 30 pm, there was another alarm, and 28 enemy planes were seen, which were defeated by China Air Force in Nanjing. This time, the fleet did not dare to fly along the river, bypassing the effective range of China's anti-aircraft gun fire and returning.
According to the Japanese navy's combat archives, at the end of August, the Third Fleet had worked out a battle plan to attack Jiangyin fortress based on the information obtained from many reconnaissance: it was decided that before September 20, harassment was mainly used as a means to cause mental pressure on the zhina navy and keep it in a state of tension for a long time; Since September 20th, it will be in full swing to use superior air forces ("Kaga" and the 2nd United Air Force) to panic in the China navy in Jiangyin. The main target of the attack is to completely destroy the two largest light cruisers "Pinghai" and "Ninghai" of China Navy, and erase China Navy from history!
1in late September, 937, the Japanese navy sent more than 70 ships, more than 300 planes and 65,438+10,000 fighter planes to try to open up the defense line in Jiangyin. The worst fighting took place on September 22 and 23, when the Japanese navy bombed the Japanese navy and its land positions in turn. The flagship Pinghai was bombed by more than 80 planes, and its sister ship Ninghai was bombed by at least 70 planes.
From 8: 00 am to 5: 00 pm on September 22, Chinese officers and men assembled at Jiangyin Sea and fought for 9 hours on shore. The warship Ninghai consumed more than 400 anti-aircraft guns and more than 8,000 machine guns. The warship Pinghai consumed 265 anti-aircraft guns and more than 4,000 machine guns. The air raid by enemy planes did not cause much damage. Only the Pinghai ship was killed and 23 people were injured. That night, Commander Chen held a meeting of all the captains of the ships, and ordered the "Pinghai" not to lower the commander's flag at the masthead because it avoided the Japanese plane's key bombing, and all ships were not allowed to sail against the current.
On September 23rd, the Japanese army besieged Ninghai and Pinghai in China with 72 planes, which were wounded and sunk. Two days later, it began to attack other ships of China's navy.
On the morning of 25th, Japan's Sea-based 2nd Air Force on the carrier Kaga, under the cover of 4 ships against 96 ships, attacked the "Pinghai" ship with 94 ships exploding and 8 ships attacking respectively.
The anti-aircraft gun ammunition of the warship Pinghai was exhausted, and the warship sank out of control. As a result, Vice Minister Ye Keyu ordered the warship to be stranded in the Shierwei Shoal in Jiangbei, and began to dismantle artillery and important parts, and transported them to Nanjing to participate in the defense of the capital.
This naval capital ship made in China continued to tilt 45 degrees to the left, ran aground and slowly slid into the Yangtze River. In the battle, officers and men * * * killed quartermaster Ye Zongliang, sergeant Zhang Langhui, corporal Xie, private Wang, Yi et al. 1 1 person, and injured more than 20 people. Later, it was recalled that the bodies of the officers and men killed on the "Pinghai" were all under the artillery position, and the wounded were all injured in the battle. The officers and men of the whole ship did not leave their combat posts in the battle on the 23rd.
"Pinghai" was also salvaged by the Japanese salvage team after the war in Jiangyin fortress. After the restoration, it was renamed as "Eighty Island" and was incorporated into Japan's First Transport Team as the flagship. 1944165438+1It was sunk by a US Navy plane in Luzon Island on October 25th.
After the "Ning" and "Ping" ships were bombed, the flagship of the fleet was changed to the "Yixian" ship with a slightly smaller tonnage, and the commander of the first fleet, Chen, moved to the command of the ship.
On the evening of September 25th, these four famous ships made their last voyage. After the blockade line was assembled, four warships opened the submarine door in the bleak whistle and quietly sank into the Yangtze River. That night, China's navy lost its fleet. 1, China naval sequence in Jiangyin campaign;
Admiral Chen Shaokuan, Secretary of the Navy.
Chen Haijun 1 Commander of Fleet Command
Colonel Ouyang Ji, captain of the cruiser Hairong (Jiangyin Zishen), Major Yang Daozhao, deputy captain, and Major Huang Huiru, chief engineer.
Colonel Lin Jinghuan, captain of the cruiser Jiangyin Zishen, Major Zheng Yihan, deputy captain, and Major Huang Huiru, chief engineer.
Captain Zhang, vice captain Wu Zhifu and chief engineer of Haichen (Jiangyin Zishen).
"Sea Ride" (Jiangyin Zishen) captain Tang Jing maritime school, vice captain Liu Naiyi, coordinator Xu, chief engineer Qiu Chongming.
Chen Hongtai, captain of Ninghai light cruiser (refitted as "80 Island" by Japanese army), major Gan Lijing, deputy commander, and captain Yao Fahua, chief engineer.
Captain Colonel Gao Xianshen, vice captain Major Ye Keyu, and chief engineer Zhou Xuan of Pinghai light cruiser (picked up by the Japanese army and converted into "Five Hundred Islands").
The light cruiser "Yingrui" (1sank on 1937 "Caishiji" on October 23rd) was captain, major Hua, vice captain, and major Lang, chief engineer.
The light cruiser Yixian (picked up by the Japanese) was converted into a training ship "Adotian". Returned after the war, retired in June) captain Chen Bingqing, vice captain Yang Xiyan, chief engineer Huang Yiqing.
Captain Zhang andNo. Cruiser (Jiangyin Zishen)
Captain Lieutenant Colonel Luo Zhi of Datong (Jiangyin Zishen) and vice captain Zeng Cong.
Zhang Tiankui, captain and vice captain of the gunboat Zhongshan (1October 24th, 1938).
Yongji gunboat (1938101October 2 1) was captured by the Japanese in Xindi. Captured by the People's Liberation Army in Shanghai in May, 1949)
Major Xue Jiasheng, captain of Xianning shallow water gunboat (Jiujiang was sunk by bombing in June 1938), and Jia Ke, deputy captain.
Liu, captain of Desheng seaplane carrier (Jiangyin Zishen)
Major Wang Xia Nye, captain of the micro-floating aircraft carrier (Jiangyin Zishen).
Major Xie, captain of the Jiari survey ship (1sank on August 26th, 937).
Chenzi torpedo boat (Jiangyin self-sinking)
Perilla torpedo boat (Jiangyin self-sinking)
Vu Thang survey ship (Jiangyin self-sinking)
Major General Zeng Dingyi, commander of the 2nd Fleet Command of the Navy.
Yan Youbin, captain and deputy captain of the destroyer "Jiankang" (later accepted by the Japanese army and changed to the "Haisui" of the Wang Puppet Navy), and Lu Wenzhou, chief engineer.
Shallow-water gunboats in Jiangzhen (air raid stranded in July 1938, 10 set himself on fire in Yueyang 165438)
Jiangyuan shallow water gunboat (preserved until after the war. 1949 65438+retired in February)
There are also shallow water gunboats in Chu (preserved until after the war. 1949 captured by the PLA)
There is a shallow water gunboat in Chu State (1937, which was sunk by air attack in Vulpix Port on September 29th), and its captain is Zheng Yaogong.
Chuguan shallow water gunboat (preserved until after the war. 1956 retired)
Qian Chu shallow water gunboats (preserved after the war. 1949 retired)
Captain Liang, captain of torpedo speedboat (1sank in Muyusha, Jiangyin on October 3rd, 1937).
Hufalcon torpedo speedboat (scrapped in mid-War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression)
Torpedo speedboat of Osprey Lake (1937, 10, 10 was sunk by air raid in Niangang on 3 October).
Lieutenant Colonel Liu Huang An, captain of the civil rights gunboat (preserved until after the war)
Zheng, the captain of Minsheng gunboat (ran aground in air raid in July, 1938, 10 set himself on fire in Yueyang).
Major Fu Cheng, captain of Yongsui shallow water gunboat (preserved until after the war)
Jiangxi rhinoceros shallow water gunboat (sunk by air raid in Bazhong, Sichuan on August 2 1)
Gracilaria shallow water gunboat (1941August 2 1 Sichuan Bazhong air raid sank)
Ganlu survey ship (194 1 air raid sank in Bazhong on September 3)
Ye, the captain of Qingtian survey ship (1937+00 was sunk by air raid in Hong Kong in June).
2. The sequence of Japanese navy in Jiangyin campaign:
Commander of the Third Fleet, General Ito Hasegawa
Flagship: Out of the cloud, you can climb to Lu.
The first foreign fleet: Hirado, Tianlong, Hummer, Nagano, Anzhai, Yuzhi, Fujian, Sumida, Shiduo, Biliang, Jinbao, Jintian, Bird Feather, Rehai, and Erjian destroyer Pufeng.
The second dispatch fleet: ball mill, Yakumo, 13 dispatch team? 16 expulsion team
The third group: Nak, Awujing and Yoshiko Yura.
1 Mining team: Xizhang, 22nd expulsion team? The 23rd eviction team? 30 th expulsion team
Air Force 1: Kaga, the second expulsion team.
10 Team: Major General Keiichiro Fujimori
Carrier of Kamikawa Maru 1 1 Team: At least near Fujijiro.
Fourth Mining Team: Major General Nishihiko Kojiro
The sixth expulsion team: Fu Boyi, Wang Zhongzuo
Expulsion Team 10: Jing Daole Banyuan
1 Mine Team: Tuoguzi Langzhongcang
1 United Air Force: Major General Michitaro Tozuka.
Second Joint Air Force: Major General Miwa Seizo
Shanghai Special Marine Corps: Major General Ogawa Kiki.
1 Land Team: Major General Tian Yuan Zi
Third Air Force: Second Major General Si tianhao.
Lieutenant General Soeda Sobu, commander of the Fourth Fleet Command.
Flagship: foot handle number
Team 9: Chang Liang Miao Gao …
14 team: Tianlong, Longtian …
Mine Team 4: Muzeng, Ejector Team 6? 10 expulsion team? 1 1 expulsion team
The fifth mining team: naming number, the fifth ejection team? 22 nd expulsion team
Team 9: Lieutenant General Kobayashi Sosuke
Fifth Demining Team: Major General Hideyoshi Goto
The third expulsion team: Fujita Tien Tian made China Tibet.
Expulsion Team 16: Toshi Utsumi Shimazaki.
The 23rd expulsion team: Gao Qiao, one male and one loose.
Third diving team: Major General Yuzao with hoe handle.
The ninth diving team: Hiroyuki Zang in PeopleSoft
Fourth Air Force: Major General Tokushima
● Others: Chicheng, Longxiang and Fengxiang of the second fleet carrier battle group, and Fengxiang of the third fleet carrier battle group ... (Japan's first and second fleets are temporarily dispatched to assist Japan's zhina fleet in operations).
3. Data of Japanese Air Force attacking Ninghai and Pinghai:
(1) Land-based: Commander of the 2nd Joint Air Force (stationed at Shanghai University of Technology Airport): Major General Sanhe Zhensan.
(a) Air Force CommanderNo. 12: Colonel Imamura Osami.
12 nakajima type 95 warship (nakajima A4N 1)
12 air boat 92 attack (Yokosuga B3Y 1) 12 Aichi 94 explosion (Aichi D 1A 1)
(b) Air Force CommanderNo. 13: Jing Daole Maeda.
12 Mitsubishi 96 Battleship (Mitsubishi A5M2)
12 Air Vehicle Type 96 Ship Attack (Yokosuga B4Y 1)
12 Aichi 96 explosion Aichi D 1A 1)
(2) Haiji: Commander of the Second Air Force: Major General Kazuo Horie.
22 nd expulsion team
Aircraft carrier: Kaga
12 Mitsubishi 96 Battleship (Mtsubishi A5M2)
24 Air Technology Type 96 Ship Attack (Yokosuga B4Y 1)
12 Aichi 94 warship exploded (Aichi D 1A 1)
In the battle on September 22nd and 23rd, some land-based aviation teams were deployed to sea-based aircraft carriers due to the Japanese supplementary losses, and some data may be inconsistent with the actual dispatch.