Another problem of modern medicine is the division of disciplines, which seems to be very scientific, but in fact it is very metaphysical.
Such as sexually transmitted diseases, urinary, prostate, andrology, infertility and other departments. What is set up in hospitals now is all about reproductive diseases. Is there a bottom to this division? A man went to the infertility department of a hospital for treatment. The hospital examination showed that his activity was low, and he said that it would be fine to take a course of treatment (8000 yuan).
After a course of treatment, he went to another hospital for a check-up and said, * * *, the activity is even worse. * * * activities are the result of whole body coordination. It is impossible to achieve the therapeutic purpose without adjusting the whole body and using drugs to strengthen * * *.
Even if it can be achieved, its side effects will certainly be at the expense of destroying the overall balance. That is, the result of barely improving sperm motility is temporary, but it loses real health.
Ximen Qing in Jin Ping Mei took an aphrodisiac in order to improve her sexual ability, but she died of Yang failure. In other words, patients and doctors should not focus on a certain point, but should know that the disease at a certain point in the human body is the result of overall balance.
If we don't understand this problem, we will eventually lose our health or life. We do not deny the contribution of modern medicine to human health, especially the progress of microbiology and surgery.
Its success in preventing and treating infectious diseases and surgical somatic diseases has rapidly reduced human mortality. But now the west is gradually realizing the great disadvantages of modern medicine: first, antagonistic therapy makes human beings "create" more drug-resistant pathogens, so they are busy inventing new antagonistic drugs, which not only increases the treatment cost, but also pollutes the environment; Second, the new division of this branch makes doctors' treatment knowledge more limited, which is not conducive to the treatment of diseases.
In view of these disadvantages, the west began to explore holistic medicine. Holistic medicine treats any disease as a part of the whole activity, and achieves the purpose of curing the disease by adjusting the whole.
2. How to explain the four qi and five flavors of traditional Chinese medicine with modern medical knowledge?
Four qi and five flavors refer to the sexual taste of drugs.
Every medicine has sex and taste. The curative effect of drugs is closely related to the taste of drugs.
Therefore, four qi and five flavors are the main theory of TCM, which is of great significance to guide clinical practice. The so-called "four qi" refers to four different medicinal properties: cold, hot, warm and cool.
These four kinds of medicinal properties are summarized by the working people in our country in the long-term struggle against diseases, according to the different reactions and therapeutic effects of drugs acting on the human body, after repeated practice and observation. For example, drugs that can treat fever are mostly cold or cold; Drugs that can treat cold syndrome are mostly hot or warm.
Therefore, the cold, heat, warmth and coolness of medicinal properties are relative to the cold and heat of diseases. The cold and warm of medicinal properties are absolutely different.
Cold and cold, warm and hot, are just differences in the degree of medicinal properties. Without sexual apathy, it is called coolness; Less heat will warm you up.
Therefore, there are often records of slight cold and great heat in herbal books of past dynasties. The so-called slight cold is equivalent to Liang Yu; Temperature is equal to heat.
Although cold and cool, mild and hot are different in degree, they are the same in nature, so they have certain similarities in function: that is, cold and cool drugs have the functions of clearing away heat, purging fire and detoxifying, and are often suitable for heat-related diseases; Warming drugs have the functions of dispelling cold, warming interior and supporting yang, and are often used for cold diseases. Besides cold, heat and cold, there is also a mild medicine. Because the cold or warm nature of these drugs is not obvious, their effects are relatively peaceful, and they can be used together regardless of cold or heat.
Therefore, according to the medicinal properties, although there are five qi, it is usually called four qi. The so-called "five flavors" are five different flavors: spicy, sweet, sour, bitter and salty.
These tastes can be distinguished by the feeling of the tongue. In addition to these five flavors, there is also a mild taste. Because its medicinal taste is not obvious, the predecessors attached it to Gan, so the herbs of past dynasties were often called Gan and Dan, so they were also called "five flavors".
But according to the taste and function of the medicine, it is actually six flavors. In the long-term medical practice, predecessors found that there is a certain relationship between the taste of drugs and their efficacy, that is, different flavors of drugs have different therapeutic effects, thus summarizing the theory of five flavors of drugs.
The meanings and functions of pungent, sweet, sour, bitter, salty and light flavors are described as follows: pungent: pungent or pungent, with divergence and function. Generally, the drugs for sweating and activating qi are mostly pungent.
It is mostly used for diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factors or qi stagnation and blood stasis. Such as ephedra sweating, banksia rose promoting qi, safflower promoting blood circulation, etc.
Gump: It means sweetness. Generally, drugs with nourishing, neutralizing or emergency effects are mostly sweet. It is mostly used for deficiency syndrome or diseases that reconcile the nature of drugs with some pains.
Such as ginseng invigorating qi, Rehmannia glutinosa enriching blood, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and relieving pain. Acid: It has the function of converging energy.
Generally, most sour drugs can astringent and astringent. Mostly used for sweating, chronic diarrhea and nocturnal emission.
For example, Schisandra chinensis converges to stop sweating, Galla chinensis astringents the intestines to stop diarrhea, and Rosa laevigata astringents the essence to stop the legacy. In addition, there are many sour medicines with astringent taste. Because astringency is similar to sourness, it is generally not classified.
Bitterness: It has the functions of purging (lowering), dryness and strength. Generally, drugs with the functions of clearing away heat and purging fire, purging and stopping diarrhea, eliminating dampness and lowering adverse flow are mostly bitter.
Mostly used for fever, constipation, wet fullness, cough, vomiting and other diseases. For example, Coptis chinensis clearing heat and purging fire, rhubarb purging constipation, almond purging qi and relieving cough, Atractylodes lancea drying dampness and strengthening spleen, Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Phellodendron amurense purging fire and nourishing yin.
Salty: It has the function of softening and hardening. Generally speaking, salt drugs can soften and harden, dissipate caking or relieve constipation.
Mostly used for scrofula, swelling, constipation and other diseases. For example, mirabilite purges the bowels and clears the dry stools, while oysters are soft and firm to eliminate phlegm.
Pale: bland and tasteless, it has the function of infiltration and tonic. Generally, drugs that can promote diuresis and diuresis are mostly mild.
It is mostly used for damp pathogen block, dysuria and other symptoms. Such as poria cocos and medulla tetrapanacis.
As mentioned above, different herbs have different functions. From a modern point of view, the different tastes of drugs are related to their chemical components, such as tannins and organic acids in sour taste; Bitter taste contains alkaloids, glycosides or bitter substances; Sweet contains sugar; Most spicy ones contain volatile oil.
Different components of drugs often show different therapeutic effects. It can be seen that it is reasonable for predecessors to infer the effect and therapeutic effect of drugs on the body according to different tastes.
With the development of clinical practice, once the theory of medication is formed, the meaning of five flavors goes beyond the direct tongue feeling, so the drugs with astringent effect are collectively called sour taste by using these principles; Drugs with the function of "softening and hardening" are collectively referred to as salty taste. Therefore, some medicinal materials have formed a situation in which the herbal records do not match the actual taste.
For example, halloysitum rubrum tastes sour, oysters taste salty, and ephedra tastes pungent. These are inconsistent with the taste, which is due to its curative effect. Qi and taste are the main basis for discussing and applying traditional Chinese medicine.
Every medicine has breath and taste. Generally, drugs with the same smell often have similar effects, such as pungent and warm drugs, which have the effect of relieving exterior syndrome and dispelling cold, which is its * * * nature. However, each drug has its own characteristics. For example, perilla frutescens and ginger have pungent smells, which can all cause sweating and dispel cold. Perilla frutescens has a strong sweating effect, which can promote qi circulation and prevent miscarriage, while ginger has a weak sweating effect, which can warm the stomach and stop vomiting.
This is the different characteristics of drugs with the same smell and similar efficacy. The effects of drugs with different smells are obviously different.
For example, coptis chinensis and duckweed, which have the same gas but different tastes, are cold, but coptis chinensis tastes bitter and cold, and can clear away heat and dry dampness; When duckweed is cool, it radiates wind and heat. Another example is that Astragalus and Dendrobium have different smells, which are all sweet, but Astragalus is warm and can warm the yang; Dendrobium is sweet in taste and cold in nature, so it nourishes yin and clears heat.
In addition, there are many people who have several flavors in a medicine, such as cassia twig, which is sweet and bitter. From the point of view of drug development, the more flavors, the greater the scope of its action. Because of the complex smell of drugs, we should not only be familiar with the general laws of four qi and five flavors and the characteristics of drugs, but also master the characteristics and therapeutic effects of each flavor in order to better guide clinical application.
3. All kinds of medical knowledge and common sense
For the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, doctors of past dynasties have created many simple, cheap and effective treatment methods through continuous experience accumulation.
For example, The Complete Collection of Bibi Diseases in China, edited by Lou Yuqiong, contains nearly 40 methods for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Medicated diet therapy is also a method to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Dialectical diet should be given in clinical treatment: wind-cold-dampness arthralgia should dispel wind and remove dampness, warm meridians and dredge collaterals, eat more foods such as black beans, onions, ginger, peppers, eels, snake meat, dog meat, mutton, etc., and avoid greasy and dampness-blocking foods such as pig fat meat and crab meat; People suffering from damp-heat arthralgia should eat more foods that are helpful for clearing away heat, removing dampness and arthralgia, such as bean sprouts, red beans, lotus seeds, Pleurotus ostreatus, wax gourd, loofah, coix seed and mung beans. And avoid spicy and warm products, such as onion ginger, pepper, beef and mutton.
Rheumatoid arthritis is often a recurrent process, and the treatment time is relatively long. Western medicine generally uses salicylic acid preparation and glucosamine sulfate for treatment; Traditional Chinese medicine classifies it as arthralgia syndrome, and there are many therapeutic prescriptions.
In clinic, the author found that adjusting the patient's rice staple food to a medicated diet with dietotherapy function, taking it every day or every other day and persisting for a long time, has a good effect on reducing recurrence or improving symptoms. The following is mainly to discuss the staple food of arthritis for reference.
Ingredients: papaya10g, 30 coix seeds, 30g japonica rice. Production: put papaya, coix seed and stem rice into the pot and add appropriate amount of cold water. After the coix seed is boiled with strong fire, it can be eaten with slow fire.
Candy lovers can add 1 tablespoon of white sugar and eat it once a day or every other day. Results: After taking the medicine, the patients' joint symptoms were relieved and their activities were good. After half a year, there were no other side effects, and he felt good.
Discussion and analysis: papaya: sour, astringent and warm, enters the liver and spleen meridians, and has the functions of expelling wind and dredging collaterals, calming the liver and regulating the stomach. "Life Taste Diet Spectrum" says that "papaya is sour and dry, regulates qi and stomach, nourishes liver and eliminates bloating, relaxes tendons and collaterals, and calms wind and dehumidifies"; "New Outline of Traditional Chinese Medicine" says that "papaya is mainly used for beriberi, arthralgia due to dampness, and unfavorable joints".
Pharmacology has proved that papaya has anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects, and water decoction has obvious detumescence effect on albumin inflammation in mice, which is often used as the main medicine of Qufeng recipe. Yi Huiren: Also known as Coix lachryma-jobi and Coix lachryma-jobi, it is sweet and light in taste and slightly cold in nature. Entering the spleen, kidney and lung meridians is beneficial to removing dampness by water, strengthening the spleen and stopping diarrhea, clearing heat and removing arthralgia.
Compendium of Materia Medica says that it can "invigorate spleen and stomach, replenish lung and clear heat, dispel wind and overcome dampness", and the new Compendium of Traditional Chinese Medicine says that "Coix lachryma-jobi seed is light in permeability and diuresis, and can invigorate spleen and stop diarrhea, relax muscles and expel pus"; "The Classic of Materia Medica" says that "the main muscle cramps, unyielding, rheumatism and arthralgia". It is widely used in dietotherapy, and is often used as the main medicine for invigorating spleen, clearing heat and expelling wind. Modern medical research found that coix seed contains protein, starch, sugar, fatty oil, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B 1, B2 and so on. Among them, rich fat oil may be related to its good dietotherapy value.
Pharmacology has proved that coix seed has antipyretic, sedative, analgesic and inhibitory effects on skeletal muscle contraction. When the above drugs are used together, papaya and coix lachryma-jobi have the functions of expelling wind and removing dampness, dredging meridians, relaxing bones and muscles and stopping joint pain. The combination of the two has obvious benefits, such as nourishing the liver and relaxing muscles and tendons, inducing diuresis to reduce swelling, harmonizing the stomach and relieving bloating.
For patients with ankle-knee pain, muscle discomfort and wet weight of lower limbs, regular consumption has a good effect. As a staple food, it can not only provide patients with the necessary calorie demand, but also use its dietotherapy value to achieve the purpose of treatment. It is an ideal staple food for rheumatoid arthritis. In clinical practice, we should also pay attention to the adjustment of diet plan by combining pharmacological theories and methods such as modern nutrition. For example, pharmacological studies have found that the CO-3 unsaturated oil in various fish in linseed oil can relieve morning stiffness, and the R- linoleic acid and W-6 unsaturated oil in primrose oil have strong anti-inflammatory effects, and are B vitamins.
C, E and carotene can eliminate free radicals and relieve joint symptoms. Cartilage tissue of cattle and sharks can improve the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
In the process of dietotherapy, we should treat the disease according to the syndrome differentiation, and adopt methods such as expelling wind and cold, removing dampness and clearing heat according to the cause. In the later stage, due to excessive blood stasis and deficiency of liver and kidney, it is necessary to supplement liver and kidney, replenish qi and blood, combine work and rest, adjust diet according to patients' tastes and changes of tongue coating, guide patients to choose appropriate diet, and better play the role of dietotherapy. How important can vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C and vitamin E be in treating rheumatism?
A summary of medical progress in 2002 said that 29 patients with rheumatism were given vitamin E600mg every day abroad. After 10 days of treatment, the joint pain of half the patients was obviously relieved, while only 4% of OA patients in the placebo group improved their symptoms. People think that vitamins are definitely beneficial to the adjuvant treatment of rheumatism.