Prevention of epilepsy should pay attention to three levels: first, pay attention to the cause and prevent the occurrence of epilepsy; The second is to control the attack; The third is to reduce the adverse effects of epilepsy on patients' body, psychology and society.
(1) Prevent the occurrence of epilepsy. Genetic factors make some children prone to convulsions, and seizures are caused by various environmental factors. In this regard, the importance of genetic counseling should be particularly emphasized. Family investigation should be carried out in detail to find out whether there are epileptic seizures and their characteristics among parents, brothers and sisters and close relatives of patients. For some serious genetic diseases that can cause mental retardation and epilepsy, prenatal diagnosis or neonatal screening should be carried out to decide to terminate pregnancy or early treatment.
For secondary epilepsy, we should prevent its specific causes, pay attention to maternal health before delivery, reduce infection, nutritional deficiency and various systemic diseases, and make the fetus less adversely affected. Preventing delivery accidents and neonatal birth injuries is one of the important causes of epilepsy, and avoiding birth injuries is of great significance to prevent epilepsy. If pregnant women can be regularly examined, new delivery methods can be implemented and dystocia can be handled in time, neonatal birth injuries can be avoided or reduced. We should pay enough attention to infantile febrile convulsion, try to avoid seizures, and immediately control it with drugs.
We should actively prevent and treat children's central nervous system diseases and reduce sequelae in time.
(2) Control the attack. It is mainly to avoid the inducing factors of epilepsy and carry out comprehensive treatment to control the seizure of epilepsy. Statistics show that the recurrence rate of patients after the first attack is 27% ~ 82%, and it seems that most patients will relapse after a single attack. Therefore, it is particularly important to prevent the recurrence of epileptic symptoms.
Patients with epilepsy should be diagnosed in time and treated as soon as possible. The earlier the treatment, the smaller the brain injury, the less recurrence and the better the prognosis. It is necessary to use drugs correctly and rationally, adjust dosage in time, pay attention to individualized treatment, take a long course of treatment, slow down the withdrawal process, and adhere to the law of taking drugs. If necessary, evaluate the efficacy of the drugs used and monitor the blood drug concentration. Don't throw drugs around, and don't use drugs indiscriminately.
It is also of great significance to remove or alleviate the primary diseases that cause epilepsy, such as intracranial space-occupying diseases, metabolic abnormalities, infections, etc.
(3) Reduce the sequela of epilepsy. Epilepsy is a chronic disease, which can last for several years or even decades, thus causing serious adverse effects on patients' physical, mental, marital and socio-economic status. In particular, the deep-rooted social prejudice and the discriminatory attitude of the public, the misfortune and frustration of patients in family relations, school education and employment, and the restriction of cultural and sports activities will not only make patients feel ashamed and pessimistic, but also seriously affect their physical and mental development, and will trouble their families, teachers, doctors and nurses, and even society. Therefore, many scholars have emphasized that the prevention of social sequelae of epilepsy is as important as the prevention of the disease itself. The sequela of epilepsy is not only the patient's body, but also the whole society, which needs the understanding and support of all sectors of society to minimize the social sequela of epilepsy.