What are the representative sports injuries, mainly cartilage injuries?

Concept and classification of sports injury: 1. 1 Concept of sports injury: The anatomical or physiological disorder of human tissues or organs caused by sports is called sports injury. Sports injuries in general industrial and agricultural production and daily life are closely related to the characteristics, techniques and tactical actions of sports events, and some sports injuries often appear in the names of sports events. For example: "tennis elbow", "football ankle" and "jumper knee." The training level of frequent sports injuries and the influence of sports events, sports environment and other factors. Sports injuries are classified as 1.2/,according to the injured tissue structure: skin injury, muscle injury, tendon injury, articular cartilage injury, bone and epiphysis injury, synovial injury, nerve injury, vascular injury and visceral injury, sports injury time: new injury and old injury, and diseases classified during the injury process: acute injury: Chronic injury: old injury, recurrent acute injury caused by improper handling, strain, long-term overload, beyond organizational capacity, tolerable and local overwork injury caused by improper arrangement of local exercise load. Symptoms of slow onset will prolong the course of the disease. 4. Classification by nature: open injury: complete skin and mucous membrane injury, surface similarity of damaged tissue cracks. Such as falls, cuts, cuts, abrasions and open fractures. Closed injury of skin or mucosa; The damage is intact, and there is no crack in the surface connection of the car body. For example: contusion, ligament sprain, muscle strain and closed fracture. 5. Classification by level: mild injury: the injured practitioner can still participate in physical activities as scheduled, and moderate injury: after the injury, he does not intend to train and needs to stop the activities of the affected area. Serious injury: the injury cannot be trained. This method is suitable for sports teams or sports institutions. The relationship between skills and training: sports technical injuries: injuries are closely related to sports, techniques and tactical actions, such as tennis elbow throwing, which is mostly caused by overwork of local organizations. Non-sports injuries: accidental injuries caused by various sports. There are two potential factors that directly cause sports injuries, which are the result of two contradictory sports injuries of unity of opposites, and the other is objective. They only have the possibility of sports injuries, which are not necessarily the direct result of injuries. Without proper protective measures, the risk of injury in sports and physical exercise will increase. However, it is very likely that a discordant body will cause harm. The following are the direct causes of sports injuries: insufficient understanding of 2. 1 and improper measures. First of all, physical education teachers and physical exercise have some one-sided understanding of the importance of preventing sports injuries and mental paralysis. Sports injuries are inevitable, such as sports injuries, but there are some minor injuries and illnesses, and there is no scientific attitude and courage to prevent sports injuries. Therefore, effective preventive measures are not actively taken in teaching, and the occurrence of injuries is not seriously analyzed. Two. Many male teenagers encounter a little mental paralysis in their lives, lack strong ambition and curiosity in injury prevention campaigns, and get carried away by impulsive ideas, which often leads to many female students with sports injuries who are timid, shy, not afraid of difficulties, moved, afraid, hesitant and nervous in sports. These injuries will lead to the failure of their actions. 2.2 Lack of exercise: No matter what exercise, adequate preparation is the main means to ensure that students are not hurt. Therefore, whether it is physical training or normal teaching and training, we should make full preparations for activities to improve the excitement of the central nervous system, especially to overcome the inertia of the autonomic nervous system. Conditioned reflex connection, through the joint and muscle activities of the body, accelerates blood circulation, and muscle tissue gets sufficient blood supply, thus improving muscle strength and flexibility, restoring technical movements, and making full preparations for formal activities. 2.3 The direction of movement is unreasonable. Practice has proved that unreasonable exercise arrangement can not only fail to achieve the effect of exercise, but also lead to sports injuries, which are mainly manifested in two aspects: First, unreasonable local exercise load arrangement and excessive long-term local load (for example, one single exercise exceeds the capacity of human tissues and can be tolerated. In this case, physical exercise, human tissue structure, due to excessive friction and extrusion, the second is large excessive exercise, long-term strenuous exercise, excessive physical exertion, hypoglycemia, acute and severe fatigue, which can cause the destruction of the cerebral cortex inhibition process, reduce the ability and accuracy of exercise, and the ability of * * * to help the society can obviously reduce the defense of alertness, decreased attention and unresponsiveness. These conditions can lead to sports injuries. 2.4 Serious acute sports injuries often occur in improper competitions organized by teaching and training, including the principle of compliance, the problems of teaching and training and competition, including the organization method of organizing teaching and training, not following the principle of individualized treatment, and not recognizing students of different ages and genders, their anatomical, physiological and psychological characteristics, even though their age, gender and personal physical development, health status and physical quality are the same, and their sports ability and technical level are quite different. It should be regarded as arriving at school in childhood according to the requirements of teaching and training, not following the principles of exercise load, learning and gradual progress, and gradually increasing from simple to complex in the teaching process, especially in the operation of training equipment, because teachers are responsible for too many students, lack of necessary protective measures, inconvenient for boys and girls, poor quality and technical protection teachers for students, and the narrow sports ground has not been effectively protected in time. Crowding and collision: extracurricular activities in ordinary schools are prominent. There is no cross-throwing field or non-throwing area in the stadium, and the throwing practice, sports equipment and worn-out equipment in the non-throwing area do not meet the hygiene requirements. Physical education teachers lack patience to explain and demonstrate correctly, and practice arrangements are incorrect. If factors affecting students' health, timeliness, body structure and maturity are found, necessary measures can be taken to adjust students' activities. Due to the lack of supervision and safeguard measures by medical staff, students' physical examinations mainly check their eyes, ears, throat, blood pressure, pulse and hernia. Prevention of sports injuries is an indispensable link. In addition, conditional, we should also strictly check the shape of students' skeletal system structure to understand muscle strength, joint stability, body posture and the cause of injury, so as to effectively avoid unnecessary injuries. 2.6 Poor physiological function and mental state: poor sleep or rest, lack of experience, paralysis, impatience, indecision and nervousness. Injury prevention, not only from the medical point of view, but also from the psychological approach, because of fear and shyness. Secondly, poor sports infrastructure, weak physique, or incorrect sports activities can not meet the needs, 2.7 on-site equipment, bad weather conditions, such as: sundries; Too hard, the field equipment installation is not firm, which is easy to cause injury accidents. Lack of necessary protective equipment, such as excessive temperature and humid weather, leads to excessive sweating and dehydration, easy fatigue and heatstroke, as well as excessive sweating, muscle spasm, frostbite-prone snow and cold winter, and may also be injured due to poor muscle stiffness, elasticity, endurance and coordination. The venue and lighting can cause harm. 3 Prevention of sports injuries 3. 1 First of all, the purpose of sports is to strengthen the principle of prevention in teaching and training, implement safety education, prepare lessons through multiple channels, publicize school safety education and strengthen ideological education. Because of the occurrence of injury accidents, one of them is that the sense of responsibility is not strong, and individual teacher measures are not implemented in place. Because of the second part of human activities, students' organization, discipline and self-pressure ability are poor. The "three senses" are the causes of accidents caused by subjective and objective factors (such as the harm of equipment, climatic conditions, and incomplete technical mastery). This is an unexpected, sudden and unexpected event, an unpredictable and artificial effort to escape school physical education. It is necessary to give full play to the leading position of teachers and the main role of students, and do a good job in safety education and publicity in this position. To put an end to possible accidents, we must take many measures to implement them simultaneously, so as to effectively avoid the occurrence of injury accidents, better promote the implementation of quality education and school education, build national culture with the guiding ideology of "health first" and qualified and useful materials for transportation, hygiene, and further broaden students' knowledge through serious practice and feasible promotion of multi-channel safety education. And create a good sports atmosphere, skillfully play the main role of students, only in this way, careful preparation, in order to prevent injury accidents. The following aspects should be paid attention to in the preparation of 320 series activities: the content and load of preparation activities are divided into general preparation activities and special preparation activities. General preparation activities should be fully prepared for special activities, and special activities should be aimed at personal physical function and meteorology. Pay careful attention to the time interval, increase some strength exercises and some stretching exercises, increase muscle temperature and prevent muscle strain. 3.3 Reasonable arrangement of insufficient exercise load can not achieve the purpose of promoting the improvement of human exercise ability. Excessive exercise load arrangement will not only overload the local exercise system, but also lead to the fatigue of the central nervous system, which will lead to the decline of the body's function, the weakening of coordination, attention and alertness, and thus make it easy to get injured. To participate in physical exercise, injuries should be strictly reduced, and teachers should make individualized treatment according to the principles of sports training, age, gender, health status, training level, and sports injuries, and arrange sports loads step by step and reasonably. 3.4 Reasonable arrangement of teaching, training and competition. In order to prepare lessons adequately, teachers should study the materials carefully. What are the key and difficult points in teaching? Many institutions are incompetent in physical education in parts prone to accidental injuries. Therefore, we must continue to organize physical education class from the perspective of security. Students are required to wear sports shoes and sportswear to avoid single waterfall and unnecessary pressure. Secondly, clean up the sundries, loose sand and dust in the stadium to avoid accidents. Strictly check the sports equipment used in the classroom, explain the functions of the equipment clearly, and show the risks to the students. Remind students to pay attention to prevent injury accidents in advance. 4. Standardize action essentials, strictly practice discipline, and remove action signals (such as gestures, whistles, passwords, etc. ) avoid mistakes and poor discipline, because technical movements are deformed, and organize students to deal with injuries such as scratches and dislocations. 3.6 Master the essentials of sports and strengthen protection and help. It is inevitable that something will happen in physics education. Therefore, our PE teachers should be more careful, strengthen protection, ensure safety, try to reduce accidents to zero, and focus on strengthening protection in the teaching content of teaching subjects. For example: "Goats still jump out of boxes, teachers think intensively, stand reasonably, and protect them in time in the right way." Teachers usually stand in front of the left or right. On the one hand, students have big arms, on the other hand, they go back to the library to help them hold their arms to ensure the smooth landing of the equipment. Ball teaching teaches students to protect themselves. Once they suddenly fall down and their arms are not used, they should be quick and have a sense of self-protection. 3.6 Strengthen the supervision of medical personnel and improve self-care awareness. Medical supervision is particularly important. In teaching, teachers should be good at observing students' body and facial expressions. If students are flushed, panting and sweating, it means that the exercise load is heavy, and measures should be taken immediately to adjust and reduce the number of exercises, reduce the intensity of exercise and shorten the time and distance of exercise. Individual students are pale, sweating and walking unsteadily. He has no strength, so we should let him rest and observe his changes. In the last class in the afternoon, pay special attention to the changes of students' bodies. Students are hungry and lack abundant energy and physical strength. You should control the total amount of exercise.