Goat (cattle, sheep subfamily) editor
Goat (scientific name: Capra aegagrus hircus), also known as summer sheep, black sheep or tile sheep, is one of the earliest domesticated domestic animals like sheep.
Goat breeding in China has a long history, which was recorded in writing as early as Xia and Shang Dynasties. Goat production has the characteristics of high reproduction rate, strong adaptability and easy management, and is widely raised in the vast agricultural and pastoral areas of China. Since the reform and opening up, China's goat industry has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable achievements. Goats in China are widely distributed all over the country, and more than half of the provinces (regions) in China have more goats than sheep. Some southern provinces (regions) can raise goats where they can't.
Goats will change plant communities and forest structures and spread diseases to local animals. The Expert Group on Invasive Species (ISSG) of the Species Survival Committee of the International Union for Conservation of Nature is listed as one of the top invasive alien species in the world 100.
Variety classification editing
China is the country with the richest goat variety resources in the world.
goat
Goat (16)
Go home. For thousands of years, through hard work and careful selection, the working people have cultivated nearly 40 goat breeds with excellent quality and unique characteristics, such as black goats.
There are more than 150 goat breeds in the world, which can be divided into the following categories: milk goat, cashmere goat, cashmere goat, fur goat, meat black goat and ordinary local goat. According to the incomplete statistics of authoritative departments, there are 654.38+74 million goats in the world. Most of them are distributed in Asian and African countries. Due to the low level of productivity, the development and utilization of variety resources were not fully exerted in the 1990 s. With the continuous growth of national population and the progress of production science, the demand for high-quality meat food is increasing.
According to its economic use, it can be divided into three types: milk type, meat type and cashmere type.
First of all, the type of milk
This is a variety that mainly produces goat milk. The typical appearance characteristics of dairy goats are: a wedge-shaped body with dairy animals, clear outline and obvious meticulous and compact performance. High milk yield and good milk quality.
Guanzhong dairy goat, the representative of dairy goat, is named after it is produced in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province. Guanzhong dairy goat is a famous fine breed among dairy goats in China. It has strong constitution, symmetrical structure and stable genetic performance. Head is long and forehead is wide, nose is straight and mouth is straight, eyes are big and ears are long. Guanzhong dairy goat mainly produces milk, with stable milk production performance, high milk yield, excellent milk quality and high nutritional value. The lactation period is usually 7 ~ 9 months, and the annual milk yield is 450 ~ 600 kg, and the milk yield per unit live weight is five times higher than that of cattle. Fresh milk contains 3.6% milk fat, 3.5% protein milk, 4.3% lactose and total dry matter 1 1.6%. Compared with milk, goat milk contains more dry matter, fat, heat energy, vitamin C and nicotinic acid than milk, which is not only rich in nutrition, but also small in fat globules. The structure of casein is similar to that of human milk, and its acid value is lower, so it is more easily absorbed by human body than milk. It is a good nutrition for infants, the elderly and patients, and a health food for special jobs and arms.
Second, the types of meat.
Goat album
Goat photo album (20)
This is a variety that mainly produces goat meat. The typical appearance characteristics of goat are: it has the "rectangular" body shape of meat livestock, its body is drooping, its muscles are full, and it has obvious meticulous and loose performance. Early rapid growth and development. Goat and mutton have high yield and good meat quality. Boer goat and black goat are economic breeding varieties developed in modern agricultural areas.
Third, cashmere type.
This is a goat breed that mainly produces cashmere. The appearance characteristics of cashmere goats are: miscellaneous hairs on the body surface, long capillaries, white and shiny fur, small and big head, thick neck, straight back and developed hindquarters. More cashmere is produced and the cashmere quality is good.
Liaoning cashmere goat is a precious cashmere goat breed in China. Cashmere is called "fiber gem" by experts because of its excellent quality, and it is the best animal fiber textile raw material in textile industry. Liaoning Cashmere Goat ranks in the advanced ranks of similar products in the world in terms of cashmere quality and cashmere yield, and is known as the "national treasure of China". Liaoning Cashmere Goat is a white cashmere goat with excellent cashmere quality and the highest cashmere yield in the world. It is a dual-purpose cashmere goat with high cashmere yield, strong adaptability and stable genetic performance, which has achieved remarkable results in improving local goats at home and abroad.
General variety editor
I am the black sheep of Yimeng
Yimeng black goat is an excellent local black goat in Shandong Province, and it is also one of the top ten livestock and poultry germplasm resources in Shandong Province.
Yimeng black goat
Yimeng black goat
Get key protection. Pingyi specialty is a multi-purpose variety of meat, wool, wool and skin formed under natural conditions in mountainous areas, which belongs to sheep with both wool and meat. Zi Ying black goat has the characteristics of large body, roughage resistance, strong adaptability, high productivity, uniform appearance, stable genetic performance and dual-purpose meat and wool, and is suitable for grazing in mountainous areas. Its cashmere has high quality, good luster, high strength and soft feel; Its meat is bright red, tender, delicious and mild, and it is an ideal nutritional health food with high protein, low fat and rich in various amino acids. Yimeng black goat * * * has four strains: Huamaike, Huozizi, Erfen and Bald. The main characteristics of Yimeng black goat are short head, wide forehead, big eyes and long and curved horns (more than 95% of sheep have horns). Beard under the chin, straight back, deep and ribbed chest, strong body, strong limbs, rough and disease-tolerant, and gregarious. Sheep grow in Mengshan, Lushan and the upper reaches of Yishu River, which are prominent areas with high altitude in Yimeng Mountain area. Here, the climate is mild, the rainfall is abundant, the trees are lush, the water plants are abundant, and the feed resources are abundant. This kind of goat is sensitive and lively, likes high dryness, loves cleanliness, has strong disease resistance, rough feeding resistance, strong adaptability, loves hanging grass, is good at climbing mountains and grazing all the year round, so it is called "sheep monkey". It is good at climbing mountains and can eat grass and feed on steep cliffs. Love high dryness, love cleanliness, and don't eat polluted forage. The feeding method is perennial grazing. The capture period is in July, August and September of the lunar calendar. Adult ram weighs 40 ~ 50kg, adult ewe weighs 35 ~ 40kg, and the farrowing rate is 1.5/ fetus. Ziying black goat has tender meat, less fat, delicious taste and rich nutrition. The meat yield is 43% and the good meat rate is 50%. Cashmere has a high yield, with the annual output of 450-550g for adult rams and 400-500g for adult ewes. Cashmere fibers are slender, soft, shiny and have few impurities, which are high-grade plush raw materials.
Second, Cangshan black sheep
Cangshan black goat, the full name of Cangshan black goat, has fine muscle fiber, tender meat, delicious taste, low odor and high nutritional value. It is a recognized green goat variety, and it has the value of medicinal Cangshan black goat because of its herbivorous intake of many Chinese herbal ingredients in breeding. According to the meat quality analysis of authoritative departments, the protein content is as high as 20%, the fat is lower than 3%, and the cholesterol content is only 60mg/kg, 65,433.
Cangshan black goat
Cangshan black goat
Black goats are often eaten or supplemented with appropriate nourishing drugs to achieve the functions of tonic, health care and longevity. After feeding, Cangshan black goat was found to be suitable for large-scale captivity or stocking. Cangshan black goat is an extremely precious food resource, with pure black and bright body color, no miscellaneous hair and blue satin skin color. The characteristics of excellent meat quality are loved by many consumers, and the demand of hotel catering industry and meat processing industry is increasing day by day. It is a high-quality goat breed which enjoys a high reputation in the southeast coast of China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and is traditionally dedicated to Hong Kong. Sheep have strong disease resistance, cold resistance, heat resistance and rough feeding resistance, and can adapt to the temperature environment of 0 ~ 40℃ in the producing area with high reproduction rate. Generally, two babies can be born every year, and each baby can give birth to two lambs. The good economic benefit of Cangshan black goat breeding is an important breeding way for farmers in mountainous areas to get rich. Mountain farmers with rich forage resources can vigorously develop goat production. Cangshan Black Goat, which is endemic to Hunan Province, is a pure green herbivore cultivated by the black goat seedling breeding base in Dingcheng District, Changde City, Hunan Province for many years. It is one of the excellent local varieties of pollution-free herbivores confirmed in China, and has been listed as the protected population of China Black Goat. Cangshan black goat mainly feeds on natural pasture and pollution-free green plants. Its coat color is pure black, and it has the advantages of high physique, docile temperament, heavy birth, fast growth, hot and humid resistance, strong disease resistance, high meat yield and good meat quality. The weight of young sheep is 3-5 kg, the weight of adult sheep can reach about 100kg, and the meat production rate is as high as 58.9%-60%. Its fur has strong gloss and is a high-quality plate. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards and the change of dietary structure, goat meat, as a kind of green and safe food with high protein, low fat and low cholesterol, has an increasing market demand, especially Cangshan black goat, which has become the most sought after green meat food, and is generally favored by domestic and foreign markets, and the demand exceeds the supply. Cangshan Black Goat is a pollution-free herbivore because of its easy reproduction and growth, high economic value and strong market demand, and its development prospect is very broad. Disease prevention editor
Diseases in goat breeding are a great threat to goat production, so we should focus on the prevention and inoculation of goat infectious diseases and adhere to the principle of prevention first. Regularly expel the parasites inside and outside the sheep, pay attention to the sanitation and disinfection of the pens, and often observe whether the spirit, diet and feces of the sheep are normal in daily management, so as to prevent diseases, find and treat them early.