Problems existing in teenagers' psychological quality
1, learning
According to a survey, 54.46% of middle school students have symptoms in their studies, and 23% have obvious symptoms, which are mainly manifested in weariness, excessive study pressure, inattention, exam anxiety and learning difficulties. For example: ① weariness of learning, ② study pressure, ③ learning difficulties, ④ inattention, ⑤ exam anxiety and so on.
2. interpersonal relationships.
The interpersonal problems of middle school students are mainly in parent-child relationship, teacher-student relationship, friend-peer relationship and views on the opposite sex. The survey shows that 42% of middle school students have psychological problems in interpersonal relationships. ① The problem of teacher-student relationship is mainly manifested in some teachers' lack of equality consciousness and improper educational methods. ② The main problems reflected in the parent-child relationship are that some parents have too high expectations for their children, too strict requirements, improper educational methods, and lack of communication between parents and children, which affects the parent-child relationship. The problems of friendship and companionship are mainly that some students are not good at communicating with their classmates and their interpersonal relationships are tense.
3. "self"
Mentally healthy people know themselves and accept themselves. "people are expensive and have self-knowledge." People with mental health can know themselves correctly and objectively, and know their abilities, personalities and needs. They are neither inferior nor blindly confident. They often reflect on themselves and see that their strengths can better accommodate their shortcomings and seek ways to improve them. People with mental health can often know themselves correctly, experience themselves and control themselves. Through research, we found that there are mainly the following problems in middle school students' self. ① Self-evaluation. The survey shows that 59.2% students can't evaluate themselves correctly, and their evaluation is too high or too low. Generally speaking, the self-evaluation of girls is generally low, while that of boys is too high. The self-evaluation of junior students is higher than that of senior students, and that of excellent students is higher than that of students with learning difficulties. Due to the problem of self-evaluation, many students have problems in self-esteem and self-confidence. 2 self-experience. Students with mental health are full of interest and desire for new things and new tasks. Willing to contact others and new things, full of enthusiasm and emotional stability. The survey shows that many students are emotionally unstable, emotional, emotional and have too many negative experiences. ③ The problem of self-control. Mentally healthy people are determined, self-controlled and resistant to setbacks. The survey shows that middle school students generally lack self-control and weak will.
Facing more and more mental health problems of middle school students, it is urgent to carry out and strengthen mental health education. In order to carry out mental health education effectively, we must find out the causes of mental health problems of middle school students. Through research, I think the mental health problems of middle school students are related to the following factors.
1, school factor
There are many factors in school life that adversely affect the mental health of teenagers. Due to various reasons, there is quite a market for "exam-oriented education" at present, and the phenomenon of "valuing wisdom over heart" still exists in schools. Students' study burden is too heavy and pressure is too great, which deprives teenagers of the necessary time and space for their all-round and healthy physical and mental development to a certain extent.
2. Family factors
Family is the most important place for teenagers to live and survive. Among the family factors, family education mode, family atmosphere and family structure are important factors affecting the mental health of middle school students. ① Family education mode: At present, the number of only children is increasing, and the family education mode, activity space and living state of only children are very different from those of non-only children. For example, parents spoil their only child too much, which leads to self-centeredness, strong dependence, lack of self-reliance, poor independence, poor communication skills, poor sense of responsibility and poor frustration tolerance. Family education is too harsh and strict, demanding too much of children, which will cause students to be extreme, stubborn, withdrawn and inferior. ② Family atmosphere, a relaxed and harmonious family with people and subjects is beneficial to students' mental health, while autocratic parents and tense family relations can easily lead to students' isolation, inferiority, lack of self-confidence and eccentric personality. ③ Family structure. A perfect family structure is beneficial to students' mental health. At present, with the social transformation, the family structure is extremely unstable. The single-parent family after parents' divorce or the reorganized family structure will cause great psychological harm to students, making them timid, rebellious, indifferent, inferior, uncomfortable, extreme and lacking in sense of responsibility.
3. Social factors
During the period of social change, with the rapid development of China's economy, on the one hand, the original balance of social interests was broken, and local social imbalance and psychological anomie inevitably appeared; On the other hand, various negative factors may also arise. These negative factors affect everyone in social life, especially teenagers in psychological transition.
4. Students' own factors
Teenagers are in what psychologists call a "crisis year", and they are at the crossroads of life development. On the one hand, this stage is a period of rapid changes in their ideals and beliefs, and their values, outlook on life and world outlook have evolved from germination to formation. On the other hand, it is a period of rapid psychological maturity, but psychological development can't keep up with physical development. This is a complicated period of childishness and maturity, impulsiveness and control, independence and dependence. Therefore, the psychological development of teenagers is bound to be a stage of serious polarization. One of the main tasks of this stage is to deal with all kinds of contradictions in the transition period from infancy to maturity and from adolescence to adolescence, so as to make them mature gradually. If it is not handled well, it will inevitably cause psychological problems for teenagers.
As we all know, individual development needs the cooperation and mutual support of family education and school education, especially in mental health education. The closer the relationship between them, the more secure the psychological health of students. Therefore, family also plays an important role in mental health education, which has unique advantages that school education lacks. Family can be said to be the first classroom of mental health education.
First of all, the close blood relationship between parents and children and the unconditional dependence and trust of children on their parents make mental health education in the family have natural authority and far-reaching influence. Secondly, compared with schools, family mental health education has outstanding flexibility and diversity. Compared with the standardization of school mental health education, family-related education is more emotional and life-oriented. Generally speaking, it is mainly carried out naturally in daily life. Finally, the intimacy of parent-child relationship makes mental health education in the family the most targeted. Parents can understand children best, have educational opportunities and convenient time, and can show outstanding performance in meeting children's needs, providing help and guidance, and finding problems in time.
It has strong pertinence, can be directly close to the real state of students, and is easy to achieve practical results. Therefore, as the "first teacher" of children, as the parents who have the most contact and the closest contact with children, they need to cooperate with school education, seize the opportunity to guide children, pay attention to and face their mental health, and stand on the same runway with children when they are in trouble to help them tide over the difficulties. Of course, as the main force of education, teachers should stand at the forefront of education, pay attention to students' mental health correctly, and actively guide students to develop their knowledge and ability through multiple channels.
The refractive state of eyeball can be divided into normal and abnormal. Abnormal refractive states include myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. The occurrence of myopia increases with the increase of grade, so myopia is the focus of prevention and treatment of common diseases among students.
Prevention and control principle: catch small and catch early, comprehensive management.
(1) Reduce students' schoolwork burden, avoid too long homework time and reduce vision fatigue.
(2) Arrange students' work and rest system reasonably, combine work and rest, and let students stick to physical education class, take part in outdoor activities, do exercises between classes and do eye exercises.
(3) Strengthen the publicity and education of vision protection, so that students can achieve "two musts" and "two don 'ts" from childhood.
The second rule is: to read and write correctly, the distance between eyes and books is 30cm. Keep reading and writing 1 hour, take a break or look farther.
Second, don't: don't read in the dark and direct sunlight; Don't read while lying in bed, walking or riding a bike. When teaching children to watch TV, the distance between the eyes and the TV screen should be 5~7 times the diagonal of the screen. Take a break every 30 minutes and watch TV at 1 hour.
(4) Improve the conditions of the learning environment: if the light in the classroom is not good, we should try to improve it, such as adding windows or using artificial lighting. Students' desktops should have enough brightness during evening self-study, and appropriate tables and chairs should be adjusted according to their height every semester.
(5) Check your eyesight regularly and manage it separately: Check your eyesight every semester. Anyone with a vision of 5.0 belongs to marginal vision, so it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and implement protective measures to prevent continuous low vision; For those whose vision is less than 5.0, pseudomyopia should be further screened out, corrected by cloud and mist method, and eye hygiene education and behavior guidance should be strengthened to restore their vision to normal.
(6) Treatment of myopia: Those who have difficulty in reading the blackboard and are older should wear appropriate glasses after being diagnosed as true myopia. Wearing glasses to correct vision is the most effective correction method accepted by the majority of myopia patients. Most of the methods to promote drug treatment of myopia have no definite effect.
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