Everyone says that having a teaching profession is the most glorious and sacred profession under the sun, which maintains the healthy growth of millions of children and the happiness of millions of families, so it should be the most vital and creative profession, full of happiness and joy.
Behind the honor, our teacher bears a heavy mental burden and pressure. At present, teachers' mental health has attracted much attention. To promote the mental health of preschool teachers, it is necessary to fully understand the mental health standards and clarify its influencing factors.
In recent years, the mental health problems of preschool teachers have attracted much attention.
A: The mental health research group of primary and secondary school teachers in Shanghai conducted a survey on 3055 primary school teachers (including kindergartens) in Shanghai (SCL? 90) Scale test investigation
The results showed that the detection rate of mental health problems was 48%, of which 12% had obvious psychological symptoms, 2% were serious, and the rest were mild psychological symptoms.
B: In B:2002, the national mental health education research group tested 2,292 teachers in 68 urban and rural primary and secondary schools (including kindergartens) in Liaoning Province/KLOC-0.
The results show that 5 1.23% teachers have psychological problems, of which 32. 18% teachers have mild psychological disorders, 16.56% teachers have moderate psychological disorders, and 2.49% teachers have constituted psychological diseases.
C: Since then, the mental health research group of primary and secondary school teachers in Zhejiang Province has tested 2023 teachers (including kindergartens) in Yuyao:
The results are as follows: 52. 1% of the teachers have psychological problems, of which 33.24% belong to mild psychological disorder, 65.438+06.65% belong to moderate psychological disorder, and 2.5 1% of the teachers have constituted psychological diseases.
A recent survey shows that the overall mental health level of preschool teachers is obviously better than the norm, especially hostility and depression, but the problems of preschool teachers are more common in compulsion, paranoia, abuse and interpersonal relationships.
Due to the different investigation standards, contents and geographical objects, the investigation results of mental health problems of preschool teachers in different places are not the same. If it is not adjusted and guided in time, it will inevitably affect the quality of kindergarten education and the healthy growth of children, and affect the healthy development of early childhood education. Paying attention to the mental health of preschool teachers has become a problem that cannot be ignored.
First, the basic problems of preschool teachers' mental health
1, the significance of mental health
According to the definition of the United Nations World Health Organization, mental health refers not only to the absence of mental illness or abnormal conditions, but also to the perfection of personality and the full play of psychological potential, that is, to give full play to one's mental state under certain objective conditions. Mental health is a process of coordinating internal and external unification and making it adapt and develop.
2. Understanding of preschool teachers' mental health standards.
As a member of the mass group, the mental health standards of preschool teachers are consistent with the general mental health standards in structure. Of course, when considering the mental health standards of preschool teachers, we should not only meet the public mental health standards, but also consider the particularity of preschool teachers' profession. Regarding the mental health standards of preschool teachers, the following basic issues should be further clarified.
(1) is whether the psychological state of preschool teachers can be divided into healthy state and unhealthy state.
At present, most researches on preschool teachers' mental health have reported the proportion of preschool teachers' mental health, such as 48%, 565,438+0.23% and 52.65,438+0%, which means that preschool teachers can be divided into two parts according to their mental health, that is, healthy and unhealthy. However, people's psychology is a dynamic system with complex structure and in the process of development and change, and everyone's psychology will present different state levels in all aspects. Maybe some people are in an advantageous position in some aspects, but their mental health level is weak in others. Mental state is hierarchical and has certain dimensions, so it is difficult for us to explain a person's mental state by health or unhealthy. Therefore, people's mental health is a relative concept. Everyone's state is located somewhere in the continuum from unhealthy to healthy, which may be closer to a healthy state or a mental illness state. Only a few people are completely unhealthy and morbid. For kindergarten teachers, the teachers who find out psychological problems are only in one or several aspects of psychology, and other aspects are not necessarily unhealthy and cannot be completely denied; At the same time, we should realize that preschool teachers who have not detected psychological problems are not completely healthy. There is only one difference between the scores of the two kindergarten teachers. We can't classify a kindergarten teacher as a healthy teacher and a mentally unhealthy teacher. Obviously, this division is not scientific and reasonable. Therefore, when looking at the psychological problems of preschool teachers, we should avoid dividing teachers into? Healthy? With what? Unhealthy? Two groups. The key is to discover the psychological problems of preschool teachers in time and conduct effective guidance and adjustment.
(2) Whether the psychological and behavioral maladjustment of preschool teachers can be called mental illness or mental disorder.
As social people, preschool teachers will show adaptation and inadaptability in the interaction with the environment. Some disorders may be situational, while others may be specific. For example, in the performance evaluation, or in the quality class evaluation for a period of time, preschool teachers will show anxiety, which may weaken or disappear with the change of time and situation, which is called situational; Anxiety is called idiosyncrasy if it is not affected by time and situation changes. At present, the self-rating scales used in the mental health survey of preschool teachers are mostly state scales, which require teachers to evaluate themselves according to their physical and mental conditions in the last week, such as? I often felt anxious last week. ? It can be seen that the question types of the scale mainly reflect whether the nature of a question before the exam is situational or idiosyncratic. Therefore, when judging whether preschool teachers are psychologically healthy, it is necessary to distinguish which phenomena are the temporary psychological state of preschool teachers, which phenomena are the stable expression of personality traits, which are normal problems and which are abnormal problems. We should intervene in time to avoid becoming a special problem. Preschool teachers with personality problems should be effectively monitored, rather than simply classified as psychological abnormal groups.
(3) Whether preschool teachers violate professional ethics is a sign of mental health.
Professional ethics is a special expression of moral principles and norms of a certain society in professional behavior and activities, a moral norm and moral concept that employees should follow in professional activities, and a concrete expression of moral sentiment and moral quality in moral behavior. The professional ethics of preschool teachers is widely recognized by the whole society, and it is also the standard that members of society must meet in the post of teacher, and it is the norm of preschool teachers' behavior. The Code of Professional Ethics for Primary and Secondary School Teachers promulgated by the Teacher Education Department of the Ministry of Education in 2007 includes patriotism, law-abiding, dedication, love for children, teaching and educating people, being a model, lifelong learning and so on. Obviously, professional ethics is of social evaluation significance, and it is the requirement and norm for teachers' behavior by society, especially the education administrative department.
The mental health of preschool teachers refers to the individual adaptation and development of teachers, involving teachers' cognition, emotion, self and so on. For example, some researchers believe that the mental health standard of preschool teachers is the recognition of the role of teachers: diligent in preschool education and loving preschool education; Have a good and harmonious interpersonal relationship; Be able to know yourself correctly; With educational originality; In pre-school education activities and daily life, we can truly feel emotions and control them appropriately. Some researchers also believe that the mental health standards of preschool teachers are self-measurement, self-esteem and self-reliance, and they can correctly understand themselves psychologically and actively identify with and accept their identity as preschool teachers. Love teaching, dedication, diligence, can better adapt to the professional environment of preschool education; Enthusiastic, caring, easy-going, with harmonious interpersonal relationships, especially the relationship between teachers and children; Positive, optimistic, self-control, with strong self-regulation ability, can better coordinate and control emotions; Behavior is rational, coherent, fair and reasonable. It can be seen that mental health emphasizes individual adaptation and self-regulation to the environment, which has different levels. Okay？ With what? Not good? 、? what's up With what? No? Points.
Of course, professional ethics and mental health also have a certain relationship. Kindergarten teachers' professional ethics, moral sentiment and moral behavior are all based on certain psychology. Mental health is the premise of the formation of good professional ethics of preschool teachers, and good professional ethics is also an important embodiment of individual mental health of preschool teachers.
Second, the influencing factors of preschool teachers' mental health
The mental health of preschool teachers is an individual's adaptation and self-adjustment to the environment, and its influencing factors involve social factors, organizational factors and personal factors. Therefore, preschool teachers should maintain and promote their own mental health. On the one hand, they should be able to adapt to the changing environment. On the other hand, society and organizations should be able to create a healthy and harmonious environment for personal development. Based on this, I think that as far as kindergarten teachers are concerned, there are four important factors that affect mental health:
1 the realistic pressure of preschool education reform
The promulgation of the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education has set off a rolling wave of educational reform in today's preschool education sector. The Outline gives a new definition to the role of preschool teachers and puts forward new expectations and challenges. Teachers have changed from a single knowledge transmitter to a supporter, collaborator, guide and developer of children's learning. Teachers must? Work creatively? . This requires teachers to have the corresponding role-bearing ability, need the corresponding professional quality, and must become learners and researchers. Whether for their own survival or to meet the requirements of the state for teachers, preschool teachers must participate in various business learning and scientific research projects to improve their professional theoretical level, and also participate in computer, English, Mandarin and other training for academic qualifications. There is no end to learning? For kindergarten teachers, I'm afraid the experience is particularly profound. From kindergarten teachers with technical secondary school education to kindergarten teachers with junior college and undergraduate education, only kindergarten teachers can realize their own energy. What's more, there are many problems in the process of education and teaching reform, such as various teaching materials and uncertain courses, which make preschool teachers at a loss. And then what? Too many students in the class? 、? The venue is too small? 、? Insufficient equipment and materials? 、? New and old concept constraints? And other conditions, as well as job evaluation, self-evaluation and emotional problems, family problems, children's problems and so on. All these, the pressure of kindergarten teachers far exceeds that of other majors.
2 the contradiction between ideal and reality
Young preschool teachers are often full of idealism about their posts, children and parents, and have high expectations for their work. However, once the work assignment is unsatisfactory, or there is friction with parents and teachers, frustration and psychological problems will occur. Facing the growing age, middle-aged kindergarten teachers lamented: the dance is no longer graceful, the voice is no longer sweet, the dressed rabbit is no longer cute, and the children don't like themselves as much as before, resulting in a sense of sadness; Facing the emergence of young teachers, backbone teachers are burdened with unnecessary ideological burdens and become psychological pressure in order to safeguard their honor. Traditional teachers' role makes teachers' profession sublime. Silkworm spinning and lighting candles all mean sacrifice to some extent, which is quite tragic.
3 Constant pain at work.
The particularity of preschool teachers' profession lies in the fact that they are faced with 3? 6-year-old children, because they are young and only children, are concerned and cared for by their parents. Facing more than 30 children in the class and their parents behind them, kindergarten teachers often feel an important social responsibility entrusted on their shoulders. Many kindergarten teachers blame themselves for their children's development, making them breathless. In order to meet the needs of parents, some kindergartens offer various interest classes, Saturday classes and overtime classes, so that teachers are always in a state of fatigue. Some kindergartens, try to carry out? Small class education? Research, but considering the cost of education, a teacher has to bear 20? In the life of 25 children in kindergarten, the teachers have been in a state of continuous rotation from morning till night. Day after day, these teachers are physically and mentally exhausted and tired of their work. There are also some local governments that do not attach importance to pre-school education and push kindergartens to the market by means of contract auction, which makes preschool teachers feel that their work is unstable and their lives are not guaranteed. Some directors should not only worry about improving the quality of kindergarten education, but also worry about the survival and funding of kindergartens.
4 the stimulation of bad interpersonal relationships
Preschool teachers are often women, and they have the same weaknesses: their emotions are easy to fluctuate and their conformity is strong; Pay attention to the evaluation of leaders and peers, they will nag about small things. These weaknesses are concentrated in a group, which will make teachers difficult to get along with. You fuck me? 、? Choose the best job? 、? Survival of the fittest? The competition among teachers makes the relationship between teachers more complicated. At the same time, the negative effect of this relationship change is undoubtedly another factor that can not be ignored in the formation of teachers' psychological pressure.
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