Author: Zhu De
Original text:
I'm sorry to learn that my mother died. I love my mother, especially her hard work all her life. Many things are worth remembering forever.
My family is a tenant farmer. Born in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, Hakka people moved to Ma 'anchang, Yilong County, Sichuan Province when "Huguang fills Sichuan". For generations, we have cultivated land for landlords, and our families are poor. Our friends are honest, poor and middle peasants.
The mother gave birth to thirteen children. Because the family was poor, they couldn't feed all of them, only eight were left, and the regenerated ones were forced to drown. How sad and helpless this is in my mother's heart! The mother raised eight children by herself. However, most of her time is occupied by housework and farm work, so she can't take care of the children, so she can only let them crawl in the fields.
Mom is a good worker. As long as I can remember, I always get up before dawn. There are more than 20 people in the family. Women cook in shifts, and it's their turn to cook for a year. Mother has cooked the meal, but also has to plant land, grow vegetables, feed pigs, raise silkworms and spin cotton. Because she is tall and strong, she can carry water and dung.
Mother works very hard all day. When I was four or five years old, I naturally helped her. When I was eight or nine years old, I could not only pick and choose, but also farm. I remember when I came home from a private school, I often saw my mother cooking on the stove sweating, so I quietly put away my books, carried water or herded cattle. In some seasons, I study in the morning and farm in the afternoon; When I am busy with farm work, I work in the fields with my mother all day. During this period, my mother taught me a lot of production knowledge.
The life of a tenant's family is naturally hard, but because of her mother's cleverness and ability, she can barely get by. We use tung oil to light a lamp. We eat pea rice, vegetable rice, sweet potato rice and miscellaneous grains rice, and put the oil squeezed from rape in the rice as seasoning. This kind of landlord and rich family don't look at it, but mom can cook delicious meals.
Only by catching a good harvest can we sew some new clothes, and the clothes are also produced by ourselves. Mother spun the thread herself, had it woven into cloth and dyed it. We call it "home weaving", which is as thick as copper coins. A suit has been worn by the boss, but it will not be worn out by the second child and the third child.
A hardworking family is regular and organized. My grandfather is a typical farmer in China. At the age of eighty or ninety, he still has to plow the fields. If he didn't plow the fields, he would get sick and work in the fields until shortly before his death. Grandma is the organizer of the family. She manages all production affairs and arranges a year's work on New Year's Eve every year.
Every day before dawn, my mother was the first to get up, and then I heard my grandfather get up, and then everyone got out of bed, feeding pigs, chopping wood and carrying water. Mothers can work hard and complain at home. She is very kind. She has never hit us, scolded us or quarreled with anyone. Therefore, although in such a big family, uncles and sisters-in-law, old and young, get along very well.
Mother sympathizes with the poor-this is a simple class consciousness. Although she is not rich, she also helps and takes care of her poorer relatives. She is also very economical. Father sometimes smokes dry cigarettes and drinks wine; Mother is in charge of us and won't let us catch a little. My mother's diligent and thrifty living habits and generous and kind attitude have left a deep impression on me so far.
But disaster will not befall the farmers in China, because they are safe. Around the year of Gengzi (1900), there was a severe drought in Sichuan for years, and many farmers were hungry and cold, so they had to "eat and drink" in droves. I saw with my own eyes that six or seven hundred farmers in rags and their wives and children were murdered and beaten by the so-called officers and men, and their blood spilled for forty or fifty miles, crying earth-shattering.
In such years, my family also suffered more, just eating small leaves and sorghum, and never eating white rice for a whole year. Especially in the period of B Wei Dynasty (1895), the landlord bullied the tenants and wanted to increase the rent on the leased land. Because it was impossible, he took advantage of the New Year's Eve to threaten my family to withdraw rent and force us to move. Under tragic circumstances, our family cried and dispersed all night.
Since then, my family has been forced to live in two places. Shortage of manpower, coupled with natural disasters and confiscation of crops, is the most tragic experience of my family. Mother didn't lose heart, but her sympathy for poor farmers and her disgust for those who are rich and heartless are even stronger. My mother's sad story in a few words and many unfair facts I saw with my own eyes inspired me to resist oppression and pursue light in my childhood, and made me determined to find a new life.
I left my mother soon because of my study. I am a child of a tenant farmer's family, and I had no money to study. At that time, the oppression of rural landlords and the brutality of the government forced mother and father to make up their minds to save money and cultivate a scholar to "support the family."
I studied in a private school, took part in the imperial examination in the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), and then went to Shunqing and further Chengdu to study. At this time, tuition fees were borrowed from the east and the west, totaling more than 200 yuan, which was not paid off until I later became the head of the national defense brigade.
In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), I came back from Chengdu and set up a higher primary school in Yilong County. I went home to see my mother two or three times a year. At that time, the old and new ideas collided badly. We believe in science and democracy and want to do something in our hometown, so the conservative gentry came out against us.
I am determined to leave my hometown without telling my mother and go to Yunnan to join the new army and the League. After I arrived in Yunnan, I learned from my home letter that my mother not only did not object to my moving, but also gave me a lot of comfort.
I haven't been home since Xuantongyuan (1909), but I picked up my parents in the eighth year of the Republic of China (19 19). But they got used to working and were uncomfortable leaving the land, so they went home. Father died on his way home. Mother went home and continued to work until the end.
China's revolution is moving forward, and so is my thought. When I discovered the correct way of China's revolution, I joined the China * * * Production Party. The great revolution failed, and I completely cut off contact with my family. Mother relies on that 30 mu of land to support the family's life independently. After the Anti-Japanese War, I was able to communicate with my family. My mother knows what I have done, and she is looking forward to the success of China's national liberation.
She knows the difficulties of our party and still lives a hard-working peasant life at home. In these seven years, I sent back several hundred yuan and some photos of myself to my mother. Mother is old, but she will miss me forever, just as I will miss her forever.
Last year, I received a letter from my nephew, saying, "My grandmother is eighty-five years old, her spirit is not as healthy as last year, and her diet and daily life are not as good as before. I really hope to see you once. Let's talk for a while and see you later. " But I devoted myself to the national war of resistance and failed to repay my mother's hope.
Mother's greatest feature is that she has never been unemployed in her life. One minute before I was born, my mother was cooking on the stove. Although I am old, I still love production. Last year, another letter from my nephew said: "Grandma is not healthier this year because she is old, but she still works nonstop and especially likes spinning cotton."
I should thank my mother, who taught me the experience of fighting difficulties. I suffered a lot at home, which made me feel no longer difficult and not intimidated by difficulties in my military life and revolutionary life for more than 30 years. My mother gave me a strong body and the habit of hard work, so that I never felt tired.
I should thank my mother, who taught me the knowledge of production and the will of revolution and encouraged me to embark on the road of revolution in the future. On this road, I understand more and more day by day: only this kind of knowledge and this kind of will is the most precious property in the world.
Mom has left me now, and I will never see her again. This kind of sadness is irreversible. Mother is an ordinary person. She is just one of the millions of working people in China, but it is these millions who have created and created the history of China.
How can I repay my mother for her kindness? I will continue to be loyal to our nation and people, and to the hope of our nation and people-the Chinese Production Party, so that people who live with their mothers can live a happy life. This is what I can do, I will do it.
May mother rest in peace underground!
His creative background:
Memories of Mother was originally written by Comrade Zhu De to commemorate his mother's death.
On April 1944 and 10, all walks of life in Yan 'an held a grand memorial service for Mrs. Zhong Tai, the mother of Zhu De, commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army. This is the only public sacrifice ceremony held in the history of China Producer Party for the first mother of the Party.
At 2pm, more than 1000 delegates from all walks of life in Yan 'an gathered in Yang Jialing Auditorium. Leaders of the Central Committee and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government, Lin, Yan 'an peasant labor hero Tian Erhong, worker labor hero Hao Zuoming and representatives of squires and businessmen attended the memorial service.
The mourning hall is solemnly arranged, cigarettes are wrapped around the coffin, and the red flag of "Immortality of the Spirit" is hung on the screen of the coffin. The mourning hall is surrounded by elegiac couplets from all walks of life in Yan 'an. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's elegiac couplet is "The Eighth Route Army has made great contributions to the country and worked hard for our party for a lifetime". Mao Zedong's elegy is "Mothers should be national heroes and virtuous mothers, and the Sri Lankan people are innocent working class".
The elegiac couplet of the Central Party School is that "only the motherhood of the working people can educate the leaders of the working people". The elegiac couplet of Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and other comrades is "the godson becomes a national hero, and the world is a * * * virtuous mother; I have been a working woman all my life, and my hometown will always maintain a good family style. "
The memorial service began with deep sorrow, and all stood up in silence. Two priests, Zhu De and Kang Keqing, are here to burn incense and offer sacrifices. Then Xie Juezai read Zhu De's eulogy. This eulogy was published in Jiefang Daily under the title of Memory of Mother.
Text segmentation:
The first part (1 paragraph): Mourning the death of mother and evoking memories.
The second part (paragraph 2- 15): narrate the main deeds of my mother's life, praise her virtue and thank her for her parenting.
The third part (paragraph 16- 17): express my mourning for my mother, and express that I should do my best to be loyal to the nation, the people and the party in return for my mother's deep affection.
The role of 1 in the full text;
From the beginning of the topic, I began to recall my mother's hard life that she loved deeply in flashbacks. "I Love Mom" laid the emotional tone of the full text; "Diligence" is a narrative clue, which always leads to the full text; "Forever Memory" not only echoes the topic, but also naturally leads to the following.
May mother rest in peace underground! Appreciation of this sentence:
This sentence is full of philosophy and thought-provoking. It is pointed out that social wealth and human history are created by ordinary and great working people like their mothers, and their quality and accumulated knowledge are the most precious property. To encourage us to learn from the rich production knowledge and tenacious fighting will of the working people.
Text subject:
The article recalls the life of my mother's hard struggle, praises her excellent qualities of diligence, thrift, intelligence, generosity and tenacity, describes her education and influence on herself, expresses her deep memory and incomparable reverence for her, and expresses her determination to repay her kindness by being loyal to the nation, the people and the party.
The reason why "mother is an ordinary person" is because her mother is an ordinary member of thousands of workers in Qian Qian. It is millions of ordinary workers with lofty virtues like their mothers who have created (past) and (present and future) the material wealth and spiritual civilization of human history. Mothers are great, and so are working people.
The author sublimates his love for his mother to the height of loving our nation and people and being infinitely loyal to the party and people. The author sublimates his feelings of praising his mother to a lofty realm that is completely integrated with the feelings of praising the working people, thus further deepening the theme of the article. This is a compound sentence with a turning relationship to emphasize the significance of the above aspects.
Brief introduction of Zhu De's mother:
Mrs. Zhong Tai, 1860, is from Zhongjiawan, Zhoujiahe, Yilong County, Sichuan Province. Her family is not local. Before, she made a living as a busker. It was not until Mrs. Zhong's father's generation that she settled in Zhongjiawan.
1877 According to introduction, 17-year-old Zhong married Zhu Shilin of Dawan Village in maan town. Zhu De's father, Zhu Shilin, was only 16 years old.
In Zhu De's memory, her mother was busy with housework and planting crops in the field all day, and she had to raise silkworms, spin cotton, grow vegetables and feed pigs.
Zhong's character is kind and generous, and he never conflicts with others. What's more commendable is that she helped poor relatives many times and gave alms to beggars along the way when she was not rich. This also deeply affected Zhu De.
Under his mother's example, Zhu De learned a lot of life skills from an early age, so that when he became commander-in-chief of the Red Army, Mr. Zhu went to help farmers farm, and the farmers were surprised that he was an "old-fashioned" crop.
Zhong knew that as a farmer, he could never get ahead without studying, so he urged Zhu De to go to school, and Zhu De was also very successful. He was admitted to Yunnan Military Academy all the way and started his revolutionary career.
When Zhu De became a brigade commander in Yunnan, he specially sent a family of more than 20 people to Luzhou to show his filial piety. However, parents are used to suffering, but now it is a little uncomfortable to enjoy the good news. A year later, they asked Zhu De to go back to his hometown.
Zhu De also knew what his parents thought and didn't persuade him. He gave them some property and sent them back. Before leaving, my mother took Zhu De's hand and said, "The hardships of our Zhujiajian family have finally come to an end. You really live up to expectations. Now that you are a brigade commander, you should consider things carefully. You don't have to worry about your father and me. We are fine. "
That year, it was 1920. Zhu De never imagined that this time was a farewell to his father and his last meeting with his mother. During the seven years from 1937 to 1944, Mr. Zhu only sent a few hundred dollars and some photos home, and nothing else.
Although there is not much money and nothing but photos, Mrs. Zhong is still very happy. She said to her family, "I'm glad Dai Zhen is still alive. Now I am even happier that I am leading troops to fight against the Japanese invaders. I don't ask him to do anything for me. As long as you fight the Japanese invaders, you will be filial to me. "
1943, Mr. Zhu received two letters from home, one from his nephew and the other from his nephew. Both of them mentioned that grandma was getting older and her health and diet were getting worse, but she still couldn't let go of her work, hoping to meet Zhu De.
After reading the letter, Mr. Zhu had mixed feelings. He has been away from home for more than 20 years and has never served his mother well. Now he is too busy fighting to go back. He felt very guilty.
1944 February 15, Mrs. Zhong is still busy with the family's lunch on the stove as usual. Suddenly, she fainted to the ground and never got up. When she was discovered by her children and grandchildren, she was 84 years old and dying.
The family said that Mrs. Zhong walked peacefully and seemed to be asleep. After the news of Mrs. Zhong's death reached Yan 'an, Mr. Zhu, who had always been calm, cried on the spot. At that moment, he was no longer the commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army who commanded thousands of troops to gallop on the battlefield, but a son who had deep love and deep guilt for his mother.
The following month, Mr. Zhu grew a beard and wrote a tearful "Miss Mother".
1944, 10 In April, at the suggestion of Chairman Mao, Mrs. Zhong Tai's memorial service was held in Yang Jialing Auditorium in Yan 'an, attended by more than 1000 people from all walks of life, and it was also the only memorial service held by our party as the leader's mother.
At the memorial service, there were countless elegiac couplets, among which Chairman Mao's elegiac couplet wrote: "To be a national hero's mother and a virtuous mother, the Sri Lankan people are worthy of the working class." Premier Zhou's elegiac couplet reads: "The adopted son has become a national hero, and the world * * * respects the virtuous mother; I have been a working woman all my life, and my hometown will always maintain a good family style. "
Xie Juezai's elegiac couplet wrote: "The red star is in my arms, and the world is a photon name; White clouds are in sight, the sky is dark and kind. "
Mrs. Zhong Tai, an ordinary and ordinary woman, supported her children with her strong physique and contributed a Zhu for the China Revolution. No matter how much praise she receives, she can afford it.