Do you know the specialist and sub-specialist child treatment, and see the right department?

When the child is in poor health and parents are anxious to take the baby to see pediatrics, they find that pediatrics is divided into many fine subjects. Which subject should they study? What's the difference between a specialist and a sub-specialist? Why do you want to divide it so finely? Is there a limit to seeing only babies or young children in pediatrics? Can adults see pediatrics? Can the baby have a fever and see an otolaryngology department? What's the difference between pediatrics and otolaryngology? Seeing a doctor is a very important knowledge. Seeing the right department can not only save parents a lot of valuable time and money, but also enable patients to get treatment and rehabilitation as soon as possible. Due to the development of medicine, generally speaking, medical institutions are divided into four departments: internal department, external department, women's department and children's department, in order to facilitate people to see a doctor and let doctors take care of patients comprehensively. Internal medicine: including cardiology, nephrology, gastrointestinal hepatobiliary department, hematology oncology department, endocrine and metabolism department, allergic immune rheumatism department, general internal medicine department and infection department. Surgery: including plastic surgery, neurosurgery, colorectal surgery, pediatric surgery, thoracic surgery, cardiovascular surgery, etc. Obstetrics and Gynecology: including general obstetrics and gynecology, gynecological urology, gynecological tumor, reproductive health care, reproductive medicine center, pregnancy evaluation center, etc. Pediatrics: including neonatal department, pediatric gastroenterology department, pediatric infection department, pediatric allergy and immunity department, pediatric nephrology department, pediatric endocrinology department, pediatric cardiology department, pediatric genetics department, pediatric neurology department, pediatric hematology oncology department, pediatric critical care department, pediatric emergency and critical care department, etc. Up to now, in addition to the above four subjects, the Department of Health of the Executive Yuan has approved 23 specialties, including family medicine, orthopedics, urology, neurosurgery, emergency medicine, ophthalmology, dermatology, neurology, rehabilitation, anesthesiology, radiology, pathology, psychiatry, nuclear medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery. It is suggested that when seeking medical treatment, if you don't know which department you should see for your illness, you can first inquire online or directly ask the counter at the scene; Or hang the outpatient service of family medicine, general internal medicine and general surgery. The doctor will find a suitable department for you to make further diagnosis and treatment. Specialist refers to a doctor who has completed specialist training, passed the preliminary examination of relevant medical associations and the examination of the central health authority, and holds a specialist certificate issued by the central health authority. That is to say, doctors with certain qualifications in a certain field (a certain discipline). However, according to the time of study, internship, examination and training in medical institutions, it takes at least 1 1 year to become a specialist. The difference between surgery and internal medicine is that surgeons mainly treat with surgery and physicians mainly treat with drugs. It is not distinguished by the name or type of disease. Pediatric specialty and sub-specialty pediatrics are also called pediatric internal medicine, including pediatric endocrinology, pediatric gastroenterology, pediatric nephrology, pediatric cardiology, pediatric allergic asthma immune rheumatism, pediatric hematology oncology, pediatric neurology, pediatric thoracic cavity and pediatric infection, which are similar to the generally recognized concept of "internal medicine". Pediatricians basically have to receive three years of training and pass the exam to get a pediatric specialist license. Therefore, in the face of common diseases (such as colds), as long as pediatricians will deal with them. After obtaining the license of pediatric specialist, if doctors want to explore a certain field in depth, they can choose sub-specialist training according to their own interests. After two years of professional training and assessment, they can become specialists in this field. Why should pediatrics be divided into so many sub-specialties? For example, parents take their children to the hospital to see pediatrics. If they don't know which department to see, then they can choose general pediatrics. Pediatricians can treat common diseases. If they encounter rare or unique diseases, they can also do preliminary screening for their parents, find out the main problems, and then refer them to the responsible specialist for treatment. There is specialization in the field of surgery. In order to make every child get proper medical treatment and care, the specialization and research of sub-specialists on certain diseases can help anxious parents solve problems. Sub-specialty, like every organ of human body, has its responsibilities, which can find solutions to problems and improve medical quality. Is there an age limit for seeing a pediatrician? From the point of view of disease, there are differences between different age groups that must be considered. For example, some sick children are easy, and some sick adults are easy. Guo Zhenxiu, an attending physician in the Department of Pediatric Infection at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou, explained that some diseases are easy to happen to teenagers below 18. For example, there is a special disease called "Kikuchi disease" in the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, which has symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph glands, and sparse white blood cells, and is easy to occur in teenagers. Because pediatricians see patients under 18, if patients aged 15 or 16 go to family medicine or other specialties, doctors may not think of this disease. In addition, doctors have different diagnosis and treatment methods for people of different ages; In addition, children's body organs are not yet mature, and the composition and dosage of drugs given for their illness are quite different from those of adults. Therefore, infants, preschool children, teenagers and so on under 18. It is recommended to see pediatrics! /kloc-can't you see pediatrics above 0/8? The answer is no, of course. Some types of diseases are chronic or lifelong disabilities. In other words, when a person suffers from these diseases, it may be that he has to receive long-term treatment or go to the hospital for regular physical examination since childhood. So if a person is found to have asthma after hours and often has symptoms, then he needs to cooperate with the doctor for a long time from an early age. When he 18 years old, can't he continue to be familiar with the same doctor (affiliated pediatrics)? The answer is no, of course. Although it is recommended to see a pediatrician below 18, if there are such special circumstances, even adults can still let pediatricians continue their treatment. Professional doctors agree that it is a good practice to see the same doctor from childhood to adulthood. In this way, the doctor can have a thorough understanding of the patient's condition, and when there is something wrong with the patient's physical condition, he can immediately prescribe the right medicine? . Li Hongchang, Senior Attending Physician of Pediatric Gastroenterology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, took congenital biliary atresia as an example. Patients with biliary tract atrophy can not pass, bile can not be discharged smoothly, leading to bile retention, which is easy to lead to severe cirrhosis. In addition to surgery, you must also be followed up for life. If the patient 18 is treated by a pediatrician, and 19 is transferred to general internal medicine or digestive medicine, the doctor may know how to make a diagnosis and treatment, but there may also be problems such as being unable to prescribe the right medicine or the diagnosis and treatment method is not suitable for the patient (if the patient with congenital biliary atresia suffers from pneumonia and other diseases when he grows up, he can go to the chest department). Introduction of four kinds of children's sub-specialties Because pediatrics covers quite a few sub-specialties, this paper selects several common types of children's diseases and sub-specialties for introduction, such as allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, which belong to the category of children's allergic immune rheumatism. Diarrhea, constipation, abdominal distension and jaundice. Which belongs to the category of children's gastrointestinal diseases; Infectious diseases such as enterovirus infection, otitis media, urinary tract infection and meningitis belong to the category of pediatric infectious diseases. In addition, we will introduce the most important type of heart disease in children for human survival. Pediatric Allergy Immunorheumatology Department mainly provides diagnosis and treatment services for various allergic diseases in children, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis in children, congenital immunodeficiency in children, food allergy and other immune-related diseases. Common allergic immune rheumatic asthma in children: there will be repeated cough symptoms, chest tightness, dyspnea, dyspnea and other symptoms when severe attacks occur. Allergic Rhinitis: About 50% people in Taiwan Province Province have allergic rhinitis, and both heredity and external environment may be the causes. There will be symptoms such as frequent sneezing, stuffy nose and runny nose, which will lead to frequent fatigue and poor sleep quality. Ectopic dermatitis: itchy, dry skin, rash, often at elbows, knees, ankles and other bends of limbs. Urticaria: The rash belongs to the protuberant type. Although it can slowly subside on its own, it often recurs. Food allergy: after eating a certain food, symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, rash, etc., and even dyspnea, anaphylactic shock and other symptoms appear in severe cases. Immune diseases: including congenital and acquired immunodeficiency diseases. Some people are born with a certain gene, which leads to congenital immunodeficiency. Rheumatoid: In addition, children's autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus belong to rheumatic diseases. Dr. Ye Guowei pointed out that different age groups have different types and symptoms of common diseases. Newborns who are not long after birth are more likely to have skin problems (such as atopic dermatitis); Babies around 3 ~ 4 years old will begin to have asthma symptoms; The age group suffering from arthritis is slightly older, but children may also suffer from arthritis-related diseases. All the above are symptoms of a single disease, but different diseases may have similar symptoms, which require doctors to make accurate differential diagnosis. For example, infants are prone to cough and asthma. At this time, many parents think that these symptoms may be asthma attacks, but they have not been cured. After going to the hospital for treatment, I found that it was not asthma, but the vasovagal nerve pressed the trachea to cause asthma symptoms. Usually, when doctors find that a disease is not treatable by their own specialty and needs to be treated by other doctors, they will first evaluate which doctor is needed to treat the patient's symptoms, and then solve the problem for the patient according to the appropriate doctor. Why do some allergic people have no allergic symptoms at all? Allergy is an inflammatory reaction. Some people with allergies often have symptoms such as sneezing, stuffy nose and runny nose, but some people with allergies have few or no symptoms. Why? When people with allergic constitution come into contact with allergens, it will induce the protection mechanism of the body to operate and cause allergic symptoms. Therefore, it is very important to know your own allergens and try not to touch them. Although allergic constitution is difficult to make it disappear, it can be peaceful with it. Is allergic constitution accompanied by life? When the weather starts to get cold in the season, people with allergies often start to have sneezing, runny nose, stuffy nose and other symptoms, and even seriously affect the quality of study, work and life. Asthmatics are usually fine, but when they suddenly attack, they can't breathe, and breathing is as difficult as death. This kind of crisis may happen at any time. Symptoms of allergic patients are sometimes good and sometimes bad. Even if there are no symptoms at all within a certain period of time, it is necessary to cooperate with doctors for a long time and receive appropriate drug treatment. Although "radical cure" cannot be used, if you take medicine on time and follow up your illness regularly, the symptoms will not affect your daily life. How to distinguish allergy from common cold? When parents see that their children have been coughing and running nose, because these symptoms are similar to colds, it is easy for parents to mistake their children for colds. So how should we judge whether it is a cold or an allergy? The key to distinguish the two lies in the length of time. If you find that your child has a cold, runny nose and other symptoms for more than 2 ~ 3 weeks, and the symptoms have not improved after taking cold medicine for a long time, you should think that it may be that your child is allergic rather than a cold. You should consult a child allergy specialist as soon as possible to avoid going too far and let your child take a lot of cold medicine. The child has been coughing, does it mean that the immune function is poor? When children are found to have chronic cough, some parents think it is caused by weak trachea or poor resistance, so they start to let their children eat some unknown healthy food or Chinese medicine supplements, and even hear that their children have taken what medicine, and their physical quality will become stronger, so they let their children take the same medicine. Dr. Ye Guowei reminded not to think that children's cough is the cause of poor resistance. They want to find the right doctor to prescribe the right medicine, and at the same time take in a variety of nutrients from the natural food they eat every day. This is the best way for children. For details, please refer to the 432nd issue of Baby and Mom magazine,No. 12+0 1. Doctor Profile Ye Guowei Education: Graduated from Department of Postdoctoral Medicine, Chang Gung Medical College/Graduated from Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Taiwan Province University Experience: Researcher of Immunopharmacology, University of Southampton, UK/Naive (abandoned) in Taiwan Province Province. Chairman of Friends of Asthma Association: Assistant Professor of Chang Gung University/Director of Children's Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatism Department of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou/Secretary-General of Taiwan Province Children's Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatism Medical Association/Secretary-General of Immunology Society of the Republic of China Li Hongchang Education: Graduated from Taipei Medical College: Pediatric Resident and Chief Physician of Ma Kai Memorial Hospital, Attending Physician/Research Physician of Gastroenterology Department of Buffalo Children's Hospital, New York, USA/ Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education/Director of Pediatrics, Ma Kai Memorial Hospital Currently: Adjunct Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical College/Lecturer of Gastroenterology, Taiwan Province Pediatric Medical Association/Senior Attending Physician of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ma Kai Memorial Hospital Lin Education: Graduated from Faculty of Medicine, Chang Gung Medical University/Experience: Pediatric Resident, Ma Kai Memorial Hospital/Primary School. Chief Resident of Pediatric Emergency and Intensive Care Department of MacKay Memorial Hospital/Current position: Attending Physician of Pediatric Cardiology Department of MacKay Memorial Hospital Guo Zhenyu Education: Graduated from School of Medicine of China Medical University/Master's Experience: Chief Resident of Pediatric Department of Linkou Chang Gung Hospital/Chief Physician of Pediatric Department of Linkou Chang Gung Hospital/Attending Physician of Pediatric General Practice of Hsinchu Chang Gung Hospital/Attending Physician of Pediatric Infection Department of Linkou Chang Gung Hospital.