(1) Transformation of social roles: Retirement has changed the social roles and life patterns of the elderly, and also affected their psychology.
The survey shows that people of different occupational groups have different psychological feelings about retirement. The psychological feelings of workers have not changed much before and after retirement. After retirement, they get rid of heavy physical labor, have more time to do housework, entertain themselves and make friends. After retirement, they have social security and medical insurance, so they are psychologically satisfied, emotionally stable and well adapted to society.
The psychological state of retired cadres is different. Before retirement, they had a high social status and extensive social contacts, and their life focus was on institutions and undertakings. After retirement, the focus of their lives has become family chores, and their extensive social contacts have suddenly decreased. In particular, some veteran cadres in leading positions feel very unaccustomed and uncomfortable, resulting in pessimism, depression, reluctance to meet people, impatience, anxiety, insomnia, dreaminess and other emotions, and some even affect their normal lives.
(2) Economic situation: Economy is the basis for ensuring the normal life and health of the elderly. The economic income of the elderly is generally lower than that of employees. Coupled with the rising medical expenses year by year, the life of the elderly lacks reliable protection. Especially those elderly people who have little or no income are more likely to have inferiority complex. They are afraid that once they get sick, they will have no money to pay medical bills, which will drag down their families, and they are afraid that they will be left out in the cold and will not get good treatment, thus affecting their physical and mental health.
(3) Family environment: After retirement, the elderly turn from society to family, and family becomes an important spiritual and material support. Therefore, family is of special significance to the elderly and has a great influence on their physical and mental health.
However, many elderly people live in an extremely unpleasant environment due to unexpected stimuli such as widowed living alone, quarreling between husband and wife, death of relatives and friends, discord between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, and sudden illness, resulting in many psychological problems, depression, loneliness, reticence and loss of confidence in life.
(4) Physical and mental aging: With the growth of age, physical aging and physiological function gradually decline, which is a natural law. However, for the elderly with values, ideological pursuits and optimism, they are eager to give full play to their residual heat in their lifetime, do more work for the society, exercise their mental, physical and communication skills at work, and delay aging psychologically and physically.
However, the physical and mental health of many elderly people is not ideal. They are aging or suffering from various diseases, and some of them have obviously decreased their psychological abilities such as perception, memory and thinking, which has caused some elderly people to fall into deep distress and anxiety.
Health guidance for the elderly in community
We regularly cooperate with neighborhood committees to provide health guidance to the elderly, so that they can fully realize that aging is a natural development process, face up to this life phenomenon psychologically, adjust their mentality through learning, improve their adaptability, and delay psychological aging through self-adjustment.
Encourage the elderly to participate in social activities: give full play to the waste heat, increase the opportunities to communicate with others, seek life motivation from social life, reduce loneliness, eliminate sense of loss, and satisfy the spirit and psychology of the elderly.
Guide the life rules of the elderly: go to bed early and get up early, eat regularly, ban smoking and drink less, and form good living habits.
Moderate exercise: encourage the elderly to participate in physical exercise, improve blood circulation, promote metabolism and delay aging. Such as Tai Ji Chuan, aerobics, yangko, walking, etc., each exercise lasts for 30 ~ 40 minutes.
Cultivate good hobbies: With good hobbies, the elderly can have spiritual sustenance, do what they like, live a full life every day, increase opportunities to communicate with others and reduce loneliness. Such as calligraphy, painting, chess, etc.
Cultivate a good attitude: a good attitude can make people calm down, and the elderly will be too happy or too sad when they are stimulated by the outside world, so try to reduce all kinds of bad stimuli and maintain an optimistic and peaceful attitude.
Pay attention to the health of the elderly: when the elderly are unwell, their families should take the initiative to care about greetings, actively seek treatment, do a good job of appeasing the elderly, and give financial help when necessary.
In short, with the aging of the social population, the physical and mental health problems of the elderly have become increasingly prominent, and the quality of life and mental health of the elderly also need to be improved. Therefore, community nurses play a very important role in the psychological care of the elderly. Community nurses must master relevant knowledge and skills, help the elderly to change their bad psychological behaviors and lifestyles, guide them to make self-adjustment and psychological adaptation, help them maintain their mental health and good quality of life, and enable the elderly to spend their old age in a state of physical and mental pleasure.