During the Republic of China, the Liu family in Dayi, Sichuan Province rose and fell rapidly for more than 20 years. Until now, there is a saying in Dayi that "there are countless captains of the 18 th Regiment of the 9 th Brigade of the Three Armies", referring to more than a dozen captains, teachers and captains in the prosperous period of the Liu family. According to historical records, during the Republic of China, there were nearly 50 military and political officials at or above the county level in Liu Jia. Liu's family history is half the history of the rise and fall of warlords in Sichuan.
When giants rise, uncles strive for hegemony.
Liu's ancestral home is Huizhou, Anhui. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Juezhong, the ancestor of the Liu family, went to Ya 'an, Sichuan as a tongzhi. Zhang Ruchuan, the leader of the army, killed many people, and Liu Juezhong's whole family died. Only one son survived. The night when the blood flowed like a river made him shudder. This man lived incognito all his life and lived in Mingshan County, Sichuan for decades.
Liujiazu
After Liu entered Shu, the fifth generation revived his family business and gradually became a local aristocratic family. In the late Qing Dynasty, Liu Zongxian, the head of the family, had three sons, and the second son, Liu Gongjing, was adopted by Wu Xiucai in the late Qing Dynasty. Among Liu Gongjing's four sons, Liu Wengang, the eldest son who sells rice, is the richest, with more than 40 acres of rice fields. Liu Wengang gave birth to three sons, the eldest is Yuan Xun, the second is an old binary tree, and the second is an old ternary plexus. Liu Yuanxun was later renamed Liu Xiang, the "King of Sichuan" in the Republic of China.
Gongzan Liu, the third son of Liu Zongxian, has cultivated more than 40 mu of land, and the winery he founded has a history of several decades in Fiona Fang. There are six sons, the youngest is Liu, a big landlord, and Liu, a famous big warlord in China.
Liu Xiang
In the early years of the Republic of China, Sichuan warlords scuffled, and the Liu family became the norm. 1927, the Sichuan army formed two factions headed by uncle Liu Dayu: the acceleration department headed by nephew Liu Xiang, with Yang Sen and Tang Shiqun as the main backbones; Baoding is headed by Uncle Liu, including Deng Xihou and Tian.
Liu Xiang, formerly known as Liu Yuanxun, was named Fucheng. 1906, 17-year-old Liu Xiang was admitted to the Army Badminton Team of Sichuan Military Equipment School without telling his family. After graduation, he was assigned to the newly formed army as a trainee officer. Sichuan Ordnance School is the first military school founded in Sichuan. Graduates control the leading bodies at all levels of the Sichuan Army and form the Armed Forces Department. 19 12, Liu Xiang, who was born in Wubei School, succeeded Janssen as the second battalion commander in Luzhou, Sichuan. Since then, he has been promoted step by step, from brigade commander, division commander to commander in chief. By the time of the Second Liu War in 1932, he had controlled 654.38+10,000 troops.
Liu wrote his own words. In terms of seniority, Liu Xiang's uncle is five years younger than Liu Xiang. Liu 13 years old, studying in Chengdu Army Primary School, Army Middle School and Baoding Army Military Academy. After graduation, he became a junior officer with the help of his nephew Liu Xiang. Later, he gradually became the commander of the Sichuan Army, the commander of the 24th Army and the chairman of the Sichuan Provincial Government. But as soon as he matured, he began to stand on his own feet, from cooperation with Liu Xiang to confrontation. Before the Second Liu War, he commanded 1 10000 troops, surpassing Liu Xiang.
1932, Uncle Liu fought for hegemony in Sichuan. The contradiction was irreconcilable, and the second Liu War broke out. This is the largest and longest melee among the more than 400 wars of Sichuan warlords. The war lasted nearly a year, covering dozens of counties in western Sichuan, northern Sichuan and southern Sichuan, with more than 200,000 officers and men participating in the war. In the first three months of the war alone, the number of casualties on both sides reached 60 thousand. Every day, the war zone is "hungry, dead everywhere, crying loudly, and the news is unbearable."
The Second Liu War ended in Liu Xiang's great victory. Become the chairman of Sichuan Province and ascend the throne of "King of Sichuan". Liu retreated to Ya 'an, Sichuan. Facing the endless wilderness, his heart was desolate. Yang Guifei went to Chengdu to plead with Liu Xiang. The first thing I said when I met Liu Xiang was "Where are you taking your father?" Liu Xiang lost his smiling face and prevaricated. Under Yang's repeated questioning, he told the truth: "Dad can't be tough anymore. If he is tough, something will happen. I don't want to bring him down, I just want to suppress his arrogance. Since you said it, let dad stay in Ya 'an.
Later, Liu asked the Kuomintang Central Committee to move to Xikang. Let Chiang Kai-shek Liu Xiang decide, and Liu Xiang resolutely opposes it. Until the death of Liu Xiang, Liu Cai once again put forward the idea of building a western health province. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek took the overall situation into consideration, and in order to gain Liu's support, he placed Sichuan Ya 'an and Xichang under Xikang. 1939 On New Year's Day, Xikang Province was established, with Liu Wei as the first provincial chairman. He is 40 years old this year. He wrote a banner "Life begins at forty" and hung it in his office. In the local area, he worked hard to manage, mine and run schools, which also made Xikang look brand-new.
"Three Lius" and Three Roads
After Chiang Kai-shek came to power, Liu Xiang was used by Chiang Kai-shek to participate in the anti-* *. But Liu Hejiang also fought fiercely to control Sichuan. At the beginning of the Red Army's Long March, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Liu Xiang to go to Nanjing to discuss "pursuit". Liu Xiang was very worried and said to his confidant, "If the Red Army moves westward, we can't afford it, but we can't. If the Red Army just went the wrong way, it wouldn't be a problem. However, if Chiang Kai-shek takes this opportunity to send troops to Sichuan, we will fight the Red Army. Victory is to create opportunities for Chiang Kai-shek, not to mention failure. " Sure enough, in 1935+ 10, Chiang Kai-shek sent more than 2,000 staff officers to Chongqing, nominally supervising "fighting bandits", but actually interfering with Sichuan's military and political affairs.
At this time, the Central Red Army is preparing to cross the river between Luzhou and Yibin and join the Red Fourth Army in northern Sichuan or western Sichuan. Liu Xiang said to his men, "As long as the Red Army in northern Guizhou does not endanger our political life, we will waste our energy and save our strength, and we will never fight." Liu Xiangsong breathed a sigh of relief when the Red Army flew over Luding Bridge and quickly reached Maogong area in northwest Sichuan.
In May of the same year, Chiang Kai-shek went to Chongqing, and a paper arrest warrant deprived Liu Xiang of military command. Soon, Chiang Kai-shek's own army took control of Sichuan, and the contradiction between Liu Xiang and Chiang Kai-shek became acute. At that time, most of the troops of the Sichuan Army were concentrated near Chengdu to prevent them from falling apart. Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Sichuan Army to fight the Red Army, and the various departments of the Sichuan Army delayed to save their strength. Sichuan's duplicity to Chiang Kai-shek is objectively beneficial to the Red Army's northward advance.
In the process of confronting Chiang Kai-shek, Liu Xiang gradually changed from a local warlord who opposed Chiang Kai-shek to a local power faction who was willing to participate in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 1937, Lugouqiao Incident broke out. Liu Xiangdian became Chiang Kai-shek and volunteered to resist Japan. On August 7th, Liu Xiang flew to Nanjing to attend the national defense conference. He said at the meeting: "Sichuan can send 300,000 troops to fight, supply 5 million young people and provide some mangoku food." The government appointed Liu Xiang as the commander of the Seventh Theater and Zhengzhou as the General Staff. Liu Xiang hurried on.
When Liu Xiang first took office, his stomach trouble was very serious and he often hemoptysis. His subordinates advised him to have a rest. He insisted: "After so many years of civil war, my face is not very glorious. Today, I serve my country. How can I live in the back? " War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Sichuan Army, is a colorful page in the history of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. According to historical records, during the eight years in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Sichuan provided nearly three million soldiers, of whom 264,000 were killed, 356,000 were injured and 26,000 were missing, ranking first in the country.
1937165438+1In mid-October, the Japanese invaders came outside Nanjing. When Liu Xiang heard the news, he proposed to transfer the Sichuan army of two legions to defend Nanjing, and he personally served as the commander in chief. In his telegram to Chiang Kai-shek, he said: "If I get sick, if I can survive in the capital, I will feel at ease and smile." But at this time, Liu Xiang's gastric ulcer recurred and was sent to Hankou Hospital for treatment. 1938 just after the new year, Liu Xiang's condition deteriorated sharply. June 65438 +654381October+July, his blood vessels contracted and he could not even lose blood. 65438+ Liu Xiang, aged 48,1died at 8 pm on October 20th.
Besides, Liu's affairs have always been handled by him. 1935, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Liu to build a bunker on the Dadu River and hold his ground. However, Liu was defeated by Liu Xiang. He was badly injured and had no intention of attacking the Red Army. Therefore, he adopted the policy of only defending and not attacking, and did not strictly require his men to repair fortifications. It was not until the Red Army was about to reach Luding Bridge that Liu's bridge guards rushed to the bridge. Dismantle the bridge deck and build fortifications. This objectively created conditions for the Red Army to fly over Luding Bridge.
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Liu had many contacts with Dong, Dong and Lin, and finally embarked on the road of uprising. However, at first, he just wanted to leave himself a way out. In summing up his first half of life, he said: "Because of the changes of the times, mistakes became reality, which led to the uprising." 1September, 949, Liu received a telegram that China's army was marching westward, hoping that Liu would actively prepare and cooperate with the filming. Liu calculated carefully and decided to defect. After the uprising, Chiang Kai-shek copied his home. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Liu was appointed Minister of Forestry. In his later years, he rarely recalled the past and once said, "Politics is boring." 1On June 24th, 976, Liu passed away at the age of 82.
A country in the Zhou dynasty
The Liu family also has a "celebrity" Liu. He is Liu's fifth brother, and he has made a fortune. 1922, Liu asked him to help with financial management. Serina Liu took over the steel project. During the period of 10, he worked part-time for more than 10 times and seized military and financial power, which not only solved Liu's military needs, but also became an upstart himself.
Liu, a household name, is a large-scale clay sculpture exhibition "Renting a House after Liberation". In the special political environment of 1950s and 1960s, Liu's image was politicized, and some details of renting a house, such as dungeons and eating human milk, were fabricated according to the political needs at that time. Later, some people thought that Liu "wronged a good man" and said that he was not so harsh on farmers.
However, Liu is indeed a "local tyrant". After defeating Liu Xikang, Liu retired to his hometown in Dayi. He founded the Paoge organization "Public Welfare Association", with members distributed in more than ten counties, and each county and township has more than 360 branches. Liu personally elected the president from all over the country.
With this river's lake power, Liu Ran went wild in the countryside. According to legend, every new county magistrate in Dayi County will go to Liu Fu to worship the Bodhisattva and respectfully give a red envelope. Liu has many wives and concubines. In addition to Yuan Pei Lushi and Yang Zhonghua who died in their early years, he also married his third aunt Ling Junru and his fourth aunt Liang Huiling, and became entangled with countless women. It was not until his later years that he married his five aunts, Wang Yuqing. From 65438 to 0949, Liu died of illness in Shuangliu County, Sichuan Province.
In addition to "San Liu", there are many people in the Liu family in Dayi. Liu Changxiong was a member of the Advisory Committee of Sichuan Province in the Republic of China and the director of the Senior Judicial Department of Sichuan Province. However, with the passage of time, Liu's glory gradually faded away, and only the folk museum transformed from Liu Manor in Dayi remained in reality as a historical witness.