Recently, our city took the lead in officially issuing the Xiamen Light Environment Control Plan (2022-2025) (hereinafter referred to as the Plan). What is the light environment? How to do light environmental management well? The Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment will give you a detailed explanation.
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Light environment management office
● In key control areas, artificial lighting should be strictly restricted to keep the city dark.
● Restrict the construction area, and strictly limit the landscape lighting on the basis of ensuring the functional lighting.
● In the moderate building area, on the basis of ensuring functional lighting, landscape lighting should be moderately built according to the characteristics of night scene elements.
● Give priority to the construction area. On the basis of ensuring functional lighting, landscape lighting construction is given priority.
Key control area
By dividing the night brightness of different land use types in our city, nature reserves, wetlands, woodlands, parks, green spaces, waters and water conservancy facilities are regarded as the key control areas of light environment.
Lighting requirements in key control areas are more stringent, including setting full-color LED display screens and advertising signs with an area greater than 10 square meters.
Code for construction of glass curtain wall
Low glass curtain wall material selection, should use the visible light reflectance is not more than 0.30 glass.
● For buildings on both sides of urban expressways, main roads, overpasses and viaducts, general sections below 10m, and T-junction facing straight sections, glass curtain walls with visible light reflectance not greater than 0. 16 should be adopted.
● For the parts with serious light pollution, sun visor, shutter and awning can be added.
How to prevent light pollution systematically?
Because the standard is not perfect, the type is difficult to judge, and there is little reference experience, the governance of light environment is not an easy task. In order to make the planning as scientific and perfect as possible, the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment has fully investigated and sorted out the relevant planning, and systematically put forward preventive measures.
? As the light environment management involves many departments, it is necessary to sort out the national standards and industry norms related to road, night view and outdoor advertising settings, and integrate the relevant norms and plans such as city appearance management, outdoor advertising facilities setting and night view lighting management. ? The relevant person in charge of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment said that this plan strives to establish a supervision and management mechanism for light pollution prevention and control on the basis of the previous urban construction management achievements, and gradually improve the relevant standards and norms for light environment management. At the same time, it will also explore the working methods of light environmental quality monitoring, encourage research on light pollution control, and systematically put forward measures to prevent and control light environmental pollution.
Formulate measures around residents' lives
The reporter noted that one of the highlights of the plan is to focus on residents' lives, formulate tasks and measures, strengthen the management of lighting equipment from outdoor lighting, night scene design, road lighting, architectural lighting, advertising signboard setting, etc., and introduce green lighting, smart lighting and other contents to improve energy-saving efficiency and fully recycle waste lighting equipment.
Standardize the material and position of glass curtain wall.
For example, in order to solve the problem of reflected light of glass curtain wall, based on the current national standards, the planning has standardized and suggested the position setting, material selection and elevation design of glass curtain wall, and put forward control measures. The glass curtain wall shall be made of glass with visible light reflectance not greater than 0.30. For urban expressways, main roads, overpasses, buildings on both sides of viaducts, general sections below 10m, and glass curtain walls set at T-junctions facing straight sections, glass curtain walls with visible light reflectance not greater than 0. 16 should be adopted. For the parts with serious light pollution, the sun visor, louver and awning can be added to reduce the sunlight exposure to the glass curtain wall and the area of the glass reflecting light. In the actual operation process, it is necessary to have more in-depth communication with the construction party.
How to finely manage the light environment?
In order to make the management of light environment more accurate and scientific, the planning group insisted on the combination of evaluation and classification according to local conditions, and formulated corresponding light environment control measures and standards.
Delineate four main areas
? In order to scientifically divide the key control area, restricted construction area, moderate construction area and priority construction area of the light environment, the project team adopted the method of spatial sampling and selected 50 ground sampling points for field illumination measurement. ? The relevant person in charge of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment said that by establishing the relationship between the ground illumination value and the radiation brightness value affected by satellite remote sensing, the project team divided the nighttime brightness of different land use types in our city, and finally took nature reserves, wetlands, woodlands, parks, green spaces, waters and water conservancy facilities as the key control areas of the light environment.
Clarify the principles of regional management and control.
With the field measurement data, the control principles of different areas are naturally more accurate, and the key control areas are more clear. It is necessary to strictly limit artificial lighting and keep the city sky dark. Limit the building area, and strictly limit the landscape lighting on the basis of ensuring functional lighting; In the moderate construction area, on the basis of ensuring functional lighting, landscape lighting should be moderately built according to the characteristics of night scenes; In priority construction areas, on the basis of ensuring functional lighting, priority should be given to landscape lighting construction.
Divide the areas that maintain the dark night sky.
In environmental management, light pollution not only affects residents, but also has a negative impact on animals, plants and ecosystems. Therefore, the plan puts forward measures such as standardizing the lighting of urban parks, reducing the luminous flux of parks, and not lighting rare and famous trees such as ancient trees at close range; Standards are also put forward for landscape lighting of rivers and lakes, especially Yaodang Lake and some areas of Xiamen National Nature Reserve for Rare Marine Species, which are the key areas for night scene construction in Xiamen. It is required that the impact on egrets and rare marine life should be fully evaluated when planning night scenes, and corresponding measures should be taken to prevent artificial lighting from overflowing.
The division of key control areas is precisely from the perspective of protecting wild animals and ecosystems. Outside the areas where artificial lighting is concentrated, the areas that maintain the dark night sky are divided.
Of course, the lighting requirements in key control areas are more stringent than those in other areas. Including no full-color LED display screen, no advertising signboard with an area greater than 10 square meter, etc. , and should be implemented in accordance with the most stringent limits in national standards and industry standards such as Code for Restricting Disturbance Light for Outdoor Lighting, Evaluation Requirements for Disturbance Light of LED Display, Technical Standards for Urban Outdoor Advertising and Signboard Facilities.
background
Introduction? Light environment? concept
Plan first, try first.
As a tourist city, Xiamen undoubtedly has the demand of night tourism consumption and creating night consumption atmosphere. But at the same time, complaints about urban light environment problems are on the rise all over the country. How to solve the problem? Our city tries first and tries hard to give an answer.
Governance? Light pollution? First of all, we must follow the law.
In recent years, the phenomenon of light pollution has been widely concerned, but environmental legislation on light pollution is still lacking. Therefore, in the Environmental Protection Regulations of Xiamen promulgated on 202 1, at the local legislative level, the city has promulgated? Light environment? Article 47 of the Regulations of Xiamen Municipality on Environmental Protection stipulates that the competent department of ecological environment is responsible for compiling the light environment control plan and determining the key control areas of the light environment in conjunction with relevant departments; The competent department of resource planning is responsible for reviewing the light radiation environmental impact of the design scheme of the construction project; The competent construction department is responsible for the supervision and management of the light radiation environmental impact indicators determined by the design, construction and supervision units in the implementation of the glass curtain wall project.
This time, in order to better implement the Regulations of Xiamen on Environmental Protection, the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment entrusted the Institute of Urban Environment of Chinese Academy of Sciences to compile the Xiamen Light Environment Control Plan (2022? 2025)》。 ? The planning of light environment in our city should not only meet the characteristics and needs of its own natural resources and cultural industries, but also reflect the urban characteristics of Xiamen on the basis of considering the implementation of national standards. It is also necessary to take environmental protection, energy saving and ecology as the core objectives of urban light environment management and establish effective light pollution control measures. Pay attention to balance the functional needs of urban landscape and? Lights don't disturb people? Create a safe and comfortable night living environment for the citizens? Wang Bo, chief of the Atmospheric Emergency Department of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, said that considering all factors, the planning must follow the principles of adapting to local conditions, sustainable development, people-oriented and innovation-oriented. Starting from Xiamen's own natural endowments, cultural industry characteristics and production and living needs, it will benchmark international advanced concepts and put forward effective light pollution control requirements and management and maintenance suggestions.
Noun interpretation
What is the light environment?
Light environment is a specific environment formed by light irradiation in internal and external space, in which light sources include natural light (sunlight and moonlight) and artificial light (heat radiation light source, gas discharge light source, etc.), which will affect people's physiological and psychological state. External light environment is the environment in which light is formed in outdoor space, which is mainly influenced by buildings and artificial light sources. According to the definitions of "Terminology Standard of Building Lighting" and "Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings", light environment is a lighting environment evaluated from physiological and psychological effects, and it is a synthesis of light, light, medium and objects.
What is light pollution?
At present, there are various definitions of light pollution. According to the definition of the International Night Society, light pollution refers to the serious environmental consequences to human beings, wildlife and climate caused by improper or excessive use of artificial light. The types of light pollution include: glare (too high brightness, causing visual discomfort), skylight (illuminating the night sky), light intrusion (light falls in unexpected or unnecessary places) and clutter (bright, chaotic and too many light sources). In China, according to the definition in the Code for the Limitation of Interference Light in Outdoor Lighting, light pollution is the sum of all kinds of harmful effects of artificial light.
Although different countries and regions have different definitions, they all think that this kind of pollution is mainly caused by artificial lighting, which is also the most important content of light pollution control.
Reporter's notes
Green water and green hills remain the same.
The stars are always shining.
For many people, light pollution is no longer a strange word. During the day, the light reflected by the glass curtain wall of the opposite office building is dazzling; As night falls, looking up, the bright sky seems to be dim.
In fact, these are all the effects of light pollution. This is a new environmental pollution source after waste gas, waste water, waste residue and noise pollution. In addition to harm to human body, light pollution will also affect the destruction of species diversity, biological circadian rhythm, increase carbon emissions, and then affect the climate.
Fortunately, Xiamen light environment control plan (2022? The first release of "2025" once again confirms the importance that our city attaches to the construction of ecological civilization.
Over the years, the city has given full play to the advantages of local legislation and improved the legal system of ecological environment; Optimize the urban ecological development space by planning the top-level design; By innovating institutional mechanisms, we will promote the implementation of ecological civilization construction and coordinate the coordinated development of economy, society and ecological environment. After obtaining the legislative power of the special economic zone, the first substantive law promulgated by our city is Xiamen Environmental Protection Ordinance.
At present, the planning and management of light environment is still in its infancy, and there are still some problems such as imperfect monitoring system, difficult assessment of pollution degree and imperfect legal system. However, the release of the plan is undoubtedly a positive exploration and attempt, laying a foundation for strengthening monitoring, standardizing the evaluation of light pollution and strengthening the law enforcement of light pollution control.
It is understood that in the next step, our city will make further efforts in the aspects of source audit, process management and terminal rectification, continuously reduce the impact of light pollution on residents and ecology, accelerate the popularization of green and intelligent lighting, provide a foundation for the systematization and standardization of Xiamen's light environment management, and comprehensively promote the healthy, scientific and orderly development of urban light environment.
Our city must still be green, and the stars are always shining.