Body condition score (BCS) is a method to measure the fat storage status and monitor the energy balance of dairy cows. It was first put forward by Wildman et al. (1982), and a five-point system was adopted, where 1 means excessive emaciation and 5 means excessive obesity. In 1984, Wright and others put forward that physical fitness score should be used as an index to evaluate the relative degree of negative energy balance of dairy cows. From 65438 to 0989, Aseltine and others revised, improved and widely applied the physical fitness score on the basis of summarizing a large number of previous studies. At present, physique score has become an important index to test and evaluate the management level of dairy cattle and predict the production performance of dairy cattle, and it is an indispensable tool in dairy cattle management.
BCS system combines visual inspection and touch judgment to score the physical condition of dairy cows. Although it is subjective in nature, it is the only practical method to evaluate the physical reserve of dairy cows. Feeding practice and scientific experiments have proved that the physical condition of dairy cows has an important influence on their production performance, reproduction, health and longevity. Body condition score is closely related to physical loss, health, reproduction and milk yield of dairy cows in early lactation. Understanding the nutritional status of dairy cows and the problems existing in feeding management at different stages of the feeding process is helpful to take effective measures to solve them in time and ensure the health and production performance of dairy cows.