(2) [8] is pulmonary artery, [1] is pulmonary vein; The circulation of blood from [B] right ventricle to [8] pulmonary artery to pulmonary capillary to [1] pulmonary vein to [d] left atrium is pulmonary circulation.
(3) As can be seen from the figure, there are valves between the left atrium and the left ventricle, and between the right atrium and the right ventricle, called atrioventricular valves, which are open to the ventricle to ensure that blood can only flow from the atrium to the ventricle; There are arterial valves between the left ventricle and the aorta, and between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, which are open to the artery, ensuring that blood can only flow from the ventricle to the artery and preventing blood from flowing backwards.
(4) In the figure, e represents the gas exchange between alveoli and blood, oxygen in alveoli diffuses into blood, and carbon dioxide in blood diffuses into alveoli, so arrow A represents the diffusion of oxygen and arrow B represents the diffusion of carbon dioxide, so that blood changes from venous blood to arterial blood after flowing through here. The arrow D at F indicates the gas exchange between blood and tissue cells, in which the carbon dioxide in the tissue cells diffuses into the blood. Oxygen in blood diffuses to tissues and cells, so arrow D represents the diffusion of carbon dioxide, and arrow E represents the diffusion of oxygen, so that blood flows through here, from venous blood to arterial blood.
(5) When the blood flows through the capillaries around the tissues and cells in all parts of the body, it exchanges substances with the tissues and cells: the transported nutrients and oxygen are supplied to the cells for utilization, and the wastes such as carbon dioxide generated by the cells are taken away; In this way, the blood changes from arterial blood to venous blood with more carbon dioxide, which flows into the superior and inferior vena cava and then into the right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary artery of the heart. So the blood vessel with the most CO2 is [8] pulmonary artery.
(6) The pancreas includes endocrine part and exocrine part. Islets belong to endocrinology, and the hormone secreted is called insulin. Within one hour after a meal, due to the intake of some sugars, the blood glucose concentration in pancreatic vein is the highest, at this time, insulin secretion increases, which promotes the synthesis of glycogen from glucose and reduces the blood glucose concentration.
(7)[5] is the renal vein, [4] is the renal artery. In the blood flowing from renal vein, urea and other wastes in the blood are discharged with urine due to the filtration of the inner wall of glomerulus and renal capsule and the reabsorption of renal tubules. Therefore, in the blood of renal vein, in addition to oxygen content, the content of metabolic waste such as urea is also significantly reduced.
(8) When the tissue cells at F get oxygen and nutrients, they decompose the organic matter in the mitochondria through respiration, releasing energy to meet the needs of human life activities.
So the answer is: (1) left ventricle; Supply blood to the whole body
(2) Pulmonary circulation
(3) There are valves that can be opened and closed between atria and ventricles, and between ventricles and arteries (only answer the scores of atrioventricular valves and arterial valves, only one of them)
(4) oxygen; Alveola and blood; From venous blood to arterial blood
(5) Eight pulmonary arteries
6. Insulin
(7) urea; Filtration of glomerular and renal capsule wall (or glomerular filtration, or filtration); Renal tubular reabsorption (or reabsorption)
(8) Mitochondria; breathe