Health Science Museum

Due to the large temperature difference between morning and evening, blood vessels are stimulated by cold, which leads to vasoconstriction and high blood pressure, which increases the pressure on the heart and blood vessels, and then leads to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Especially for some elderly people, their physical fitness will be slightly worse. With the arrival of autumn and winter, their immunity will also decline, their adaptability will also decline, and they are prone to diseases such as upper respiratory tract infection, which are also prone to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; Symptoms of arteriosclerosis are common in the elderly. If cold air invades, systemic blood vessels contract and blood flow resistance increases, which will easily lead to cerebral vasospasm and coronary artery spasm, thus inducing cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction. Moreover, the colder the weather, the less people exercise, which will slow down the blood circulation of the human body and easily lead to cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction. Some people rarely drink water in cold autumn and winter, and sweat is also reduced. Lack of water will lead to increased blood viscosity, easy to form thrombosis, and increase the incidence of cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction. Therefore, in the cold autumn and winter season, the elderly must pay special attention to the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, do a good job in physical maintenance, nip in the bud, and don't wait until the disease comes to realize that it is too late.

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are closely related to daily life style, and the key to prevention is to have a healthy life. Then, how to maintain a healthy lifestyle and prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases needs to pay attention to the following aspects:

1. Avoid cold stimulation. Pay attention to weather changes, pay attention to cold and warmth, and increase or decrease clothes in time when going out.

2. Pay attention to a reasonable diet. Develop a low-salt, low-fat and low-sugar diet. Increase fiber diet and eat more corn, wheat bran, beans, vegetables, fruits and other foods. Reduce the intake of fat and cholesterol and avoid eating foods with high cholesterol.

3. Quit smoking and limit alcohol. People at risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should quit smoking and limit alcohol.

4. Adhere to moderate exercise. Insist on daily exercise, including Tai Ji Chuan, swimming and walking. Based on feeling relaxed after exercise.

5. Balance your mind. Pay attention to nourishing the heart, maintain a good attitude, and avoid emotional excitement, overwork and irregular life.

6. Work and rest rules. Work and rest on time, avoid staying up late, and pay attention to combining work and rest.

7. Keep your stool unobstructed. Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia should not be nervous when urinating, but can be properly adjusted with drugs to keep urine unobstructed; Usually, crude fiber food can be appropriately added to the diet, and drugs to promote defecation can also be taken appropriately to keep the stool unobstructed and avoid constipation.

8. Prevent colds. If there is upper respiratory tract infection, anti-infection treatment should be carried out promptly and thoroughly to prevent complications such as pneumonia.

9. Use drugs scientifically. For patients with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and other diseases, it is necessary to take medicine regularly and monitor and control blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids.

Although cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases occur quickly, there is also a process before the onset, and there will be some corresponding signs. If we know these omens and take effective preventive measures in autumn and winter life, the harm will be greatly reduced and even diseases will be effectively controlled. Therefore, we should pay attention to some abnormal changes in the body, such as numbness and weakness of limbs, sudden inability to speak, inability to understand others' words, or sudden dizziness, headache, chest pain, chest tightness and shortness of breath after exercise and fatigue, which may be precursors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. If you find the above premonitory symptoms, you should go to the hospital for medical diagnosis in time.

Li Peng, director and chief physician of the Second Geriatric Ward (Geriatric Cardiovascular Department) of Shenyang Red Cross Hospital. Technical expertise: diagnosis and treatment of common and frequently-occurring diseases in cardiovascular medicine, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure and arrhythmia. Engaged in coronary intervention 10 years, with rich clinical experience.