First find the coordinates of Tsinghua High School.
Only by "inheriting the past" can we "open the future". The primary school attached to Tsinghua is an old famous school with a hundred years of cultural accumulation. "The mountains and rivers are far away and it is difficult to maintain." The words and deeds of countless ancestors tell us that when you choose Tsinghua, you choose the responsibility of your life.
When it comes to the history of the elementary school attached to Tsinghua, I am lost in thought. For a century, the primary school attached to Tsinghua has been closely linked with the destiny of the country and the nation. 19 15, the predecessor of the affiliated elementary school, Chengzhi School, was established. At that time, the school offered arithmetic and English classes. Chengzhi School was influenced by the eight-character motto of "Self-improvement, Morality and Carrying Things" put forward by Liang Qichao for Tsinghua University at that time, and took "People-oriented, Aspiring to Learn" as its motto. During the Republic of China, Mei Yiqi was the president of Tsinghua University, and proposed to cultivate people from an early age. At his initiative, the school established a school board composed of Zhu Ziqing, Feng Youlan, Ye and other famous scholars. Today, we can still see a series of precious historical records about the course requirements signed by the masters in 1936. During the Anti-Japanese War, the school moved to the southwest with Tsinghua University. Eight years of hardships in The National SouthWest Associated University have endowed it with the qualities of perseverance and self-improvement. The school has set up science classes and physical education class, and made airplane models, sports facilities and soap. After returning to Tsinghua from The National SouthWest Associated University, Chengzhi School merged a nearby poor school (Chengfu Primary School) into the school, and established Tsinghua High School, so that children from poor families can also enjoy the educational resources in Tsinghua. During the period of socialist construction, the school adheres to the school-running concept of "diligent running and all-round development" and explores the "May 4th Reform". During the period of reform and opening up, the school adhered to the concept of "foundation and innovation" and now put forward the mission of "laying the foundation for a wise and noble life" ... It can be seen that no matter how the years change, the primary school attached to Tsinghua has always played an important leading role in the development of basic education in China-values, courses and public services.
Keep the center of inheritance and innovate in inheritance. "Where is it now" and "Where will it go" attached to Tsinghua Primary School? Following this question, I took "Who to educate" and "How to educate people" in the primary school attached to Tsinghua as my own topics, and started an action research on using my brain and legs. I have been studying in Beijing No.11 School for more than a month. Lead teachers to visit six well-known kindergartens in Beijing to learn about children's study and life; Take teachers to the 11th Middle School Attached to Beijing Normal University and Tsinghua High School for lectures and visits, and invite famous principals and experts such as Li Xigui, Wang Dianjun and Zhang Siming to give lectures. The connection between primary school and secondary school is very important. Since most of the students in our school are promoted to the middle school attached to Tsinghua University, I specially invited some leaders of the middle school attached to Tsinghua University to talk collectively or one-on-one. After a series of interviews, I found that the growth of children was artificially separated by our educators: children in large classes in kindergartens entered primary schools one month after graduation, facing a strange knowledge system, as if they were going to cross the Himalayas; Similarly, there is a clear watershed between primary school and secondary school. ...
With these problems, on the one hand, I led the teachers to fully implement the campus cultural transformation after the "earthquake-resistant reinforcement", on the other hand, I repeatedly studied the programmatic documents on education reform at home and abroad, and also discussed related issues with principals and teachers of some well-known primary and secondary schools. This kind of research and discussion enables me to think about the future development of the school from a higher position and the question of "who to educate". I deeply feel that when we are looking for new development coordinates for our school, we should not only "look at the world with China's eyes", but also learn to "look at China with the eyes of the world". From such a big perspective, we should make the development of schools conform to the trend of world education reform, to the core of national mainstream values, and to the spirit of attaching primary school honed in recent years.
In this way, looking at the history and present, I have gradually formed some clear ideas about what kind of people the school should train and how to make a good connection between young and old. On this basis, under the guidance of President Li Xi, I began to work out the Action Plan for Running a Primary School Attached to Tsinghua (hereinafter referred to as the Plan). In those days, my mind was full of "what to do"-several voices were fighting and how many pictures flashed before my eyes; I cried for a while, frowned for a while, and laughed for a while ... After more than three months of "tossing", I finally finished the first draft. After that, I gave the first draft to the middle level to supplement and modify, and then sent it to all teachers for in-depth discussion and supplement. The wisdom contribution of teachers greatly improves the pertinence of the Program. Teachers also take the "program" as their own children because their own opinions are adopted, and even their own words are adopted. Later, we asked the parents and students of the whole school for their opinions on the relevant content. After repeated revisions, one year later, this programmatic document was submitted to the Teachers' Congress for discussion and adoption. After revision year by year, the Plan has been simplified from the original 100 to the current 30 articles. In the past few years, we have used this "cultural code" to initially realize the value recognition of faculty and important stakeholders.
For example, the "Program" outlines the development vision of the school: "We strive to make every corner of the school full of educational wisdom and cheerful laughter; We strive to make students enjoy the harvest of learning and the happiness of growing up all the time; We strive to make teachers feel the happiness and professional dignity in the workplace every day. " From the three dimensions of self-development (physical and mental health, determination to learn, self-improvement, learning to change), cultural accomplishment (tool application, practical creation, thinking quality, aesthetic taste) and social participation (morality, responsibility, feelings for home and country, and international perspective), this paper puts forward six core qualities of primary school students attached to Tsinghua, and summarizes their easy-to-understand explicit growth models as follows:
"* * * Common ideal and independent growth" has laid the foundation for students and teachers to be noble in wisdom, complete in life and sound in personality, making everyone feel that they are very important and regard the school as their spiritual home ... It is this sincere desire and strong sense of mission that drives us to constantly clarify and examine the development orientation and direction of the school. As a result, the education and teaching reform of primary schools in Tsinghua in the new period has entered the fast lane.
Second, firmly grasp the bull's nose of curriculum reform.
After the problem of "who to educate" is determined, how to solve the problem of "educational carrier", that is, how to construct the school curriculum system based on the requirements of the core literacy of primary school students attached to Tsinghua, has become the core issue of my thinking.
Structure determines function, and system can be scientific. In order to achieve the educational goal of the school, on the premise of ensuring that students meet the requirements of the national curriculum standards, we strive to break down the barriers of subject teaching, streamline and integrate the national curriculum, supplement and improve the school-based curriculum, and initially form the "1+X curriculum" system of the primary school attached to Tsinghua, which is based on the national curriculum and higher than the national standard.
"1" is a national basic course after optimization and integration. "1" is an important bottom line and the fundamental way to achieve "health, sunshine and happiness". One of its important functions is to comprehensively reduce burdens and increase efficiency. "X" is a special course to promote students' individualized development, including Tsinghua Culture and compulsory or elective courses to promote students' individualized development. "+"is not a simple addition, but promotes "1" and "x" to complement each other, and they are in the golden section: "1" accounts for about 70% and "x" accounts for about 30%; There is a margin between the two. When "1" is optimized to a certain extent, "x" approaches "0". By then, "1+X" will become a complete and capitalized "one", thus realizing the transformation from "school-based curriculum" to "school curriculum".
Goals ensure quality. Focusing on the requirements of students' core literacy (including explicit forms), we have constructed the "Ten Ones" curriculum objectives of Tsinghua Primary School, in which the first five are basic objectives and the last five are characteristic objectives (allowing teachers and students to set their own personalized objectives). The basic goals include: first-class good character, good health, lifelong good habits, good interests and good thinking. Characteristic goals include: a good Chinese character, a good eloquence, a good article, a good talent and a good foreign language. ...
In the course construction, we pay attention to "optimization and integration", including interdisciplinary integration, intra-disciplinary integration and inter-disciplinary integration.
Interdisciplinary integration. Around the main courses of the school, according to the attributes of each subject and the same value cultivation function, we have integrated nine national-level courses into five sections: "Physical Education and Health, Character and Society, Language and Reading, Mathematics and Technology, Art and Aesthetics", and each section contains basic courses and extended courses. This is not a simple classification, but the change of curriculum concept and ultimate goal. In fact, the classification of these five fields is only a form of integration, and we can also integrate across five fields according to the growth needs of students, such as the integration of language and artistic aesthetics.
Integration within disciplines. This is an important way to better optimize the discipline itself. In order to improve the teaching quality of Chinese, mathematics, English and other basic courses, I lead the teams of various disciplines, and according to the national curriculum standards and the study of different versions of teaching materials, I formulate quality target guides for various disciplines every academic year. For example, in the subject of Chinese, we refine and quantify the three course objectives of "good Chinese characters", "good eloquence" and "good articles" into Chinese teaching in 12 semester. In this way, there is a basis for teachers to lead students to learn what, how and to what extent in class every day. On this basis, we "educated" the course objectives and contents, and developed a "Music Research Manual" for students to use in and out of class. Happy learning manual has the characteristics of content integration, method optimization and law summary. Instead of all kinds of teaching AIDS and exercise books, it greatly reduces the burden of students' studies and is welcomed by students and parents.
Take sports as an example. Physical education is one of the core courses in our school. Ma Yuehan, a famous sports educator in China, was the president of our school. His concept of physical education has been passed down in the primary school attached to Tsinghua. Now, his statue stands on the school playground. The sports group was named "Ma Yuehan Research Room" and the big playground was named "Ma Yuehan Stadium". In the construction of "1+X course", the school put forward "three ones of physical exercise", that is, one physical education class every day, one fitness break every day, and each student has an independent physical education elective course. We divide the physical education curriculum into more than ten kinds of sports, such as roller skating, cricket, baseball and football, for students to choose from. Physical education compulsory course, students break class boundaries and form new classes according to their hobbies; In the independent elective course of physical education, students choose projects completely according to their hobbies. Therefore, independent physical education elective courses have become children's "favorite".
The school regards campus football as a brand course and gives full play to the educational function of football. At present, a strong campus football atmosphere of "every class has a team, everyone can play football, and both men and women can play football" has been formed, and the football club has also achieved good results in the Luneng Cup and the Hundred Teams Cup. At the time of writing this article, 16 members of the football club were conducting a 20-day training session at Boca Juniors, Argentina's first-class club. At the same time, the primary school attached to Tsinghua signed a ten-year cooperation agreement with the Argentine Football Association, hoping that our campus "Little Ball" can promote the cross-cultural understanding of the country and even the world's "Big Ball".
Interdisciplinary integration. In practice, we have found some interdisciplinary integration paths, such as drama courses. Every semester, each class chooses a theme and arranges campus plays. From topic selection, script creation, program rehearsal, prop production, stage design, etc. , all completed by students; Teachers of Chinese, music, sports, dance, fine arts, calligraphy, mathematics, science and other disciplines provide relevant guidance for students. Another example is De Brainstorm, Easy Invention and Tsinghua Young Scientists. Taking "Easy Invention" as an example, teachers guide students to observe life, find problems, and then break the existing thinking mode and cultivate students' innovative spirit and ability by summing up, adding subjects, reducing subjects, combining inventions, defective inventions, denying breakthroughs and structural changes. At present, 14 students have applied for invention patents. In addition, the "Planting and Breeding Course" offered by the school in its unique position in Tsinghua campus has also achieved interdisciplinary integration.
Interdisciplinary integration is not only reflected in the course content and teaching methods, but also in the evaluation. For example, the first-year students in our school take exams in various subjects by playing games. The teachers designed nine games, including Pinyin Touch, Zigzag Magic, Happy Reading the World, Challenging the Golden Microphone, Blooming Lilacs, Who is the Best Bead, and Pairing Jump, which integrated the learning contents of the main subjects and allowed students to show their learning results in a happy way. Parents are full of praise when they see such a unique exam.
In this way, in the process of infiltration, integration and elimination, a "1+X course" system with the characteristics of Tsinghua Primary School was initially established, which was fully affirmed by the Ministry of Education, municipal and district leaders and experts. The research achievement of Chinese teaching practice won the first prize of the first national basic education achievement.
Third, let the children stand in the center of the school.
With the carrier of education, how to realize it? Let the children stand in the center of the school. This is easier said than done. In addition to constructing "1+X course" according to this concept, how to make it take root and sprout in every day and every inch of land in school, and let children feel that school is for them and a place to promote their life growth? This is the question I have been asking myself. In the practice of running a school in recent years, my team and I have worked hard to practice this concept from the following aspects-
Let the children stand in the middle of the classroom.
We regard students' learning as the starting point and destination of classroom reform. The school has established the basic teaching process of "learning in advance-* * * learning-delaying learning", so that students can truly become the masters of the classroom. Before class, the teacher designs a preview list with reference to the quality target guide, and students enter the classroom with preview gains and questions. In class, teachers organize students to study cooperatively, think deeply, speculate, communicate and share according to students' self-study gains and problems. After class, students expand their study under the guidance of teachers and pursue new knowledge with higher desire. In the whole teaching process, teachers always pay attention to stimulating students' enthusiasm for learning, so that they can cultivate their innovative spirit and ability through autonomous learning, cooperative learning and inquiry learning. Colleagues who visited the school generally believed that the students in the primary school attached to Tsinghua had a solid foundation, a wide range of knowledge, active thinking, and were willing to express themselves, and they often had unexpected wonderful lessons.
(2) Let the children stand at the center of the theme activities.
Teaching with sound, educating people with quietness and accomplishing our mission between sound and quietness are our wisdom pursuit as educators. I advocate that when organizing theme activities, teachers should change the tradition of doing everything instead of students, so that students can stand at the center of the activities and become the protagonists of the activities.
For example, the primary school attached to Tsinghua holds a grand graduation ceremony with the theme of "respect and gratitude" every year. The school set up a student preparatory committee for the graduation ceremony. The children took the initiative to participate in the recruitment, gave up the rest time, and carefully prepared the ceremony under the guidance of the teacher. From the writing of the host words to the layout of the venue, from the program arrangement to the personnel deployment, from the preparation before the meeting to the feedback of many details after the rehearsal, the children are fully committed. The graduation ceremony ended successfully and the students were very excited. Looking at their smiling faces full of joy because of harvest and growth, I really feel that the children have grown up again!
In order to build a platform for students' personalized growth, schools often hold their own calligraphy and painting exhibitions, math festivals, sports meetings, concerts and so on. At the same time, Shui Mu Show is held all the year round. "Shui Mu Show" is not limited in form, group, individual and exhibition content. From dance, vocal music, instrumental music, drama, painting, calligraphy, photography, tourism, seal cutting, to chess, recitation, Quyi and so on. Children can behave as they want, and behave as they want.
Xiao Jia of Class 3 (4) is a "strange" student who is looking for insects all over the world. She has shown great interest in insects since she was a child. His research on insects not only spread all over the country, but also spread to the United States, Singapore, Indonesia, Ecuador and so on. He fed hundreds of kinds of insects, studied their habits and made many specimens. In the second grade, with the encouragement of the class teacher, he edited his insect diary and his own paintings about insects into books and exhibited them with insect specimens in Shui Mu Exhibition. With the theme of "Me and Insects", he shared his research and findings with a fluent and confident speech. He showed the world of rare insects, described the making process of insect specimens, recommended his favorite insect books and shared his little knowledge about insects. At the same time, we also invited alumni and educational entrepreneur Yu to write inscriptions for him. ...
Nowadays, "Shui Mu Show" has become one of children's favorite activity courses, and various "little talents" such as Li Darwin, Xu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhang Magician, little calligrapher and little archaeologist are constantly emerging. The children showed their personality, self-confidence and growth here.
(3) Let "special" students stand at the center of education and teaching.
Every morning, I will stand at the school gate, greet the students with a smile, give a thumbs-up or bow. At that moment, all the fatigue was dissipated because of the "return of love" brought by the students. This thumb is for all the children in Tsinghua Primary School, including those who are a little "different" and "special". Under my leadership, teachers have given a lot of special care to those "special" students, so that they can stand at the center of education and teaching, whether in activities or in peacetime.
I often tell young teachers that when the teaching effect is not satisfactory, we should first look at ourselves instead of blaming the students, especially those who have difficulties in learning, are not beautiful, and even are "special" in some ways.
There is a student named Xiao Wei. She likes painting very much, but it is difficult for her to learn math. She repeatedly asked the teacher, "Do you think I will never learn math well?" Once, when she was creating a painting, she had a whim: can I express mathematics with painting? The teacher was very happy when she learned her idea, and guided her to express the dialogue and scenes between the characters in the painting with mathematical language and mathematical relationship. In this way, with the encouragement of the teacher, Xiao Wei insisted on "drawing math" every day. Later, she not only published the mathematics cartoon atlas "Little Destruction and Growth", but also entered the middle school attached to Tsinghua University and studied mathematics in her own way.
Another child always likes to run in circles in the classroom, which makes the teachers and classmates dizzy. He said that he started running laps when he was very young, sometimes running big laps and sometimes running small laps. Through talking with him, the teacher feels that every student's growth has a rich background, which may become an obstacle to his growth or a resource for his growth; For these students, we can't ask them to be reborn with broken arms, let alone encourage them. So, how can we get this student back to normal? Finally, the teacher came up with a good way to accompany him to check the hygiene of each class. Check the hygiene and turn around the corridor several times, which can effectively release his "hobbies". Gradually, he stopped walking around in the classroom, and his parents and himself were very happy.
There is no uniform standard for what is an "excellent" student in the primary school attached to Tsinghua. In our opinion, children are excellent students as long as they can "be their best".
Fourth, use integrated thinking to incite school organizational change.
If the problem of "who to educate and how to educate people" is solved, then "the guarantee mechanism of educating people" is also a subject that I must face. When I was an ordinary teacher, I had a feeling that there were too many leaders above the teacher, and it was difficult for the teacher to resist "a thousand lines above and a needle below", such as subject leaders, grade leaders, brigade counselors, teaching directors, moral education directors, general affairs directors, vice presidents and principals. Sometimes the same job, several leaders have different opinions, and the teacher is at a loss. After presiding over the school work, I feel that there are too many management departments and levels in the school, information distortion occurs from time to time, work implementation is slow, and it is too administrative. It seems that the task of management is supervision, inspection and evaluation.
Faced with these problems, we try to use the idea of curriculum integration to "force" the change of management thinking mode and incite the organizational change of the school.
First of all, we integrated the original eight offices into three research centers, namely "1+X course" research center, education and teaching research center and service research center. With fewer departments, the coordination between departments will be much easier. Moreover, these three departments are called "research centers" instead of offices, aiming at reducing administrative color and emphasizing the importance of "research"; The person in charge of the research center should go deep into the front line, collect research information, make scientific decisions, and implement value guidance, cultural guidance and professional guidance.
In order to further reduce levels and shift management focus, we integrate six levels into three sections: low, medium and high. Each school section is like a primary school, with a long section and a standing deputy section, and the long section is concurrently held by the person in charge of the center. The school entrusts the section chief with certain authority to be solely responsible for the education, teaching and scientific research work of the undergraduate course to ensure the quality; The section chief has the final decision on which teachers to hire in the research department; The section chief has a considerable say in the assessment of teachers, the level and salary of teaching staff; In addition, the length of the department can also determine the use of funds in the undergraduate budget, that is, to have certain financial rights. Because the section chief attends the school affairs meeting, participates in the research and decision-making of school work, and grasps the intention, standards and methods of school work, the work is implemented quickly and the information is rarely distorted. In this way, the school has realized the flattening of organizational management and improved work efficiency.
In addition, in the past two years, our school has also trained an echelon through the implementation of the "shadow principal" system. Every month, the school has a middle-level cadre and the youngest teacher as the "shadow principal". During this month, they exercise the management responsibilities equivalent to principals or vice principals, and preside over school affairs meetings and school daily work. This move has made middle-level cadres and key teachers truly experience it, especially enhancing their overall awareness and management ability.
Li Chunhong, a third-grade Chinese teacher and head teacher, was elected as the "Shadow Principal" on 20 13. At that time, she had just returned to Beijing from the United States, which coincided with several large-scale conferences and an international forum to be held in our school. She attends classes during the day and takes time to visit all grades and classes in the school. After work, she not only corrects her homework, but also takes part in the complicated meeting preparations such as venue layout, lighting debugging, data classification and courseware preparation. She said with deep feelings: "From bystanders to organizers, different stations will have different perspectives; Being a' shadow principal' has taught me to empathize and have a deeper understanding of the school's school-running philosophy. "
In the process of promoting school organizational change, I also borrowed some ideas and methods of enterprise management (such as project responsibility system). I suggest that all teachers in the school should read the book Injecting into the Heart by howard schultz, Chairman and CEO of Starbucks, and the book You Can't Learn from Haidilao by Huang Haiying. Teachers are even advised to go to Starbucks for coffee and eat in Haidilao to experience and deeply understand the truth that "education is service".