1. Heritage
A large number of studies show that heredity is an important factor affecting the mental health of preschool children. The occurrence and development of developmental disorders and mental disorders in children, including infantile autism, childhood schizophrenia and childhood hyperactivity syndrome, are all related to heredity, and children with hereditary diseases are often accompanied by behavioral abnormalities. For example, the incidence of genetic diseases, premature death and mental retardation of children born of consanguineous marriage is much higher than that of children born of non-consanguineous marriage.
2. Pregnancy status
The health status of pregnant women and their environment directly or indirectly affect the mental health of the fetus, including diseases, drugs, nutrition, emotions, alcohol and tobacco, radiation and environmental pollution. For example, rubella in early pregnancy can cause fetal malformation and mental retardation; Iodine deficiency causes hypothyroidism, which can make children suffer from dementia; Careless medication by pregnant women can cause various psychological diseases, such as thalidomide, an anti-pregnancy drug, which can cause various malformations such as fetal limbs, heart, eyes and ears; The antibiotic "streptomycin" can cause congenital deafness, etc. Malnutrition in pregnant women can lead to low birth weight and congenital malformation. The bad mood of pregnant women changes the types and quantities of hormones secreted in the body and affects the normal development of the fetus; Pregnant women smoke or smoke passively for a long time, and harmful compounds such as carbon monoxide and nicotine in the smoke make the fetus anoxic, and the growth and development are hindered and deformed; Pregnant women who drink a lot of alcohol for a long time can cause the fetus to suffer from "alcoholism syndrome", leading to growth retardation and central nervous system development disorder; X-ray radiation causes severe fetal malformation, physical and brain development retardation; The pollution of harmful elements such as mercury and lead in the environment will lead to abnormal brain development and mental retardation of the fetus.
3. Significance
(1) Identity at birth
Hypoxia, premature delivery and low birth weight are the main factors affecting the mental health of preschool children. In the process of delivery, such as dystocia, placental abruption, umbilical cord around the neck, etc., it can lead to hypoxia at birth and damage brain tissue, which can obviously lag behind children of the same age in intelligence and motor development. Most children can catch up with the normal development level after learning, and only children with severe hypoxia will continue to fall behind. Some children may suffer from brain damage or lung dysfunction due to lifelong hypoxia. A large number of studies show that premature infants and low birth weight infants are much more likely to have problems or difficulties in physical and mental development than normal children, and the relationship between birth weight and children's health and psychological development after birth is the most obvious. Most children with birth weight below 1500g will encounter insurmountable difficulties in their development. The lighter they are, the more serious their difficulties will be. Low birth weight children often suffer from diseases, distraction, hyperactivity, uncoordinated movements and learning difficulties throughout childhood.
(2) Accidental injuries and diseases
Brain damage caused by accidental injuries and diseases can directly lead to aphasia, dementia, coma, disturbance of consciousness and other symptoms of preschool children, thus affecting their mental health. In addition, disabilities, complications and sequelae caused by accidental injuries and diseases can also indirectly affect the mental health of preschool children. Such as limb deformity, blindness, paralysis and deafness. , leading to self-abasement, depression, mental retardation and other psychological barriers and behavioral abnormalities in preschool children.
The influence of accidental injuries and diseases on children's mental health depends on the location and scope of brain injury, whether there are complications, the effect of rescue and treatment, the type and condition of diseases, whether the rescue and treatment of diseases are timely, and whether there are complications and sequelae. Therefore, strengthening safety and health education and preventing accidental injuries and diseases are important measures to protect the mental health of preschool children.
Trauma and disease