From this point of view, teachers not only have the responsibility to protect children's lives and avoid their exposure to unsafe environment, but also should provide children with preliminary and basic safety guidance and education by optimizing the nursery environment in kindergartens, so as to gradually improve children's ability to foresee dangers, eliminate dangers and protect themselves.
First, clear the content and training objectives of children's safety self-protection ability
The goal is an expectation, the starting point and destination of the work, and the content is fundamental. According to the needs of children's life and the quality requirements of socialized people, the general goal of children's self-care consciousness and ability is established physically and psychologically, and then corresponding sub-goals are formulated according to the decomposition of the general goal, and these sub-goals are arranged at different age stages. This training closely focuses on the goal and ensures the smooth completion of the goal.
Second, create a good living environment and improve children's awareness of self-protection.
Famous educators Brophy, Goode and Naylor put forward the goal of 1 1 in kindergarten environmental design, including "being able to pay attention to children's health and safety" and "having a positive emotional atmosphere and promoting children's self-confidence development". Therefore, it is particularly important to carefully create the corresponding material environment and give children a vivid, intuitive, image and comprehensive education. For example, build a green lawn under a big toy to provide a safe place for children to play. Post safety signs on the stairs and corners of kindergartens to remind children of safety at all times; In the library, put up pictures, the content is the sign of reading books correctly, the purpose is to remind children to develop correct reading posture at all times and pay attention to protecting their eyesight; In the daily morning talk and "weekly praise", the teacher also weaves the content of self-protection into a short story to tell the children. Secondly, teachers create a good psychological environment, treat children with a democratic and equal attitude, understand and tolerate children's behavior and even negligence, and give children a sense of security and trust.
Third, through teaching activities and games, teach children some methods and skills of self-protection.
Sports health care curriculum is an important part of children's self-protection education. In order to educate children "don't play with sharp things", the activity "What should I do if my finger is cut" was designed. By watching the pictures, the children were asked to discuss "why did my finger cut?" What inconvenience will an injured hand bring to our life? What should I do after my hand is injured? " Then let the children practice the operation and learn how to use sharp objects such as scissors and game sticks correctly. For another example, in order to educate children to "feel uncomfortable and take the initiative to tell the teacher", we designed the activity "After getting sick". By watching the live performance, let the children know that if a certain part of the body is uncomfortable, they must tell the adults in time to avoid delaying the illness.
Games are children's favorite activities. Incorporating self-protection learning content into the game can help children consolidate their life skills in a relaxed and happy atmosphere. For example, using the performance game "take the bus" to let children know the common sense of "getting on and off the bus is not crowded, not sticking your head and hands out of the window, and not running around in the car"; Through games such as "looking for dolls" and "where does my family live", children are taught not to stray casually, but to be with everyone. If you get lost, be bold and remember your parents' names, work units, telephone numbers, home addresses and obvious architectural features around you. In this way, children's emotions of getting out of danger and saving themselves are stimulated, and children are prompted to come up with specific methods of getting out of danger and saving themselves, so as to improve their self-protection ability.
Fourth, cultivate children's good living habits and promote the development of self-protection ability.
Good living habits and self-protection education are closely combined and complement each other. For example, blowing hot soup and hot water before drinking can avoid scalding, picking fishbone can avoid throat stinging, eating without laughing can prevent foreign bodies from entering the trachea, dressing correctly and orderly can protect the body, and tying shoelaces can avoid falling down. However, children are young, have poor self-awareness and self-control, and the cultivation of habits cannot be effective after one or two educations. Therefore, in addition to putting forward requirements and teaching children methods, teachers should also pay attention to supervision and inspection, and often remind them to let children do what they can, and they must not replace them. In this way, children have established good living habits in their own continuous labor practice, thus playing a role in self-protection.
Five, the consistency of family safety self-care education
In the process of cultivating children's safety awareness and self-care ability, parents need to cooperate to carry out consistent education. Because a considerable part of the content of "self-protection" education exists in the family, it is not convenient for teachers to guide. Therefore, parents' meetings can be held frequently to introduce in detail the significance, goals, plans and matters that need parents' cooperation in cultivating children's self-protection ability. At the same time, send some knowledge materials about this to parents and publicize some methods to cultivate children's self-protection ability, so as to improve parents' own safety awareness. With the help of parents, children can gradually master some awareness of safety and self-care at home. With the support and cooperation of parents, our education has achieved twice the result with half the effort. Therefore, it is the key to cultivate children's self-protection ability to do a good job of parents and let family education and kindergarten education form a joint force.
It is our duty to ensure the health and safety of young children. However, health and safety should not be given passively, but should be obtained by children actively. This acquisition should come from a good environment, from various educational practice activities, from colorful games, and from consistent education at home. Children's safety awareness has been enhanced, their self-protection ability has been improved, and their comprehensive quality has been developed in an all-round way.