There is a bubble floating on the urine. Is there anything wrong with kidney function? In fact, there are many reasons for bubbles in urine, one of which is the bubbles generated impulsively when urinating in the toilet, but the bubbles will disappear after a while; If the bubble 10 minutes does not disperse, it means that there is something wrong with the body. Normal urine color should be light yellow, clear, with a little urine smell. If the color is too dark, too cloudy or too light, there may be a problem at all.
Generally, we will ask to collect urine in the middle stage, because the urine in the early stage and the front end of urethra will contact with the outside world, which will affect the examination results. Because the middle-stage urine has been excreted by the early-stage urine, there will be no pollution, and there are fewer cells that fall off relative to the epidermis. So the reliability of urine test will be judged by the number of epidermal cells.
Routine urine examination items include:
Routine urine examination mainly includes urine chemistry and urine sediment, color, turbidity, specific gravity, pH, white blood cells, nitrite, protein, glucose and ketone.
Color can be used to judge whether you drink too little water.
Turbidity will observe whether there are many impurities in urine. Patients with urinary tract infection are usually turbid and have a strange smell, and urine reports will be expressed as turbid or turbid in English.
The normal value of adult urine specific gravity is1.010 ~1.030. Low specific gravity urine occurs when diabetes insipidus, excessive drinking water, using diuretics or chronic nephritis. High specific gravity urine is common in diabetes, dehydration, vomiting and heart failure.
The normal value of "white blood cells" is
Protein mainly measures proteinuria, which is one of the symptoms of many kidney diseases, including glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis.
Glucose is related to diabetes, pancreatitis, liver diseases, thyroid diseases and kidney damage. Such as renal tubular lesions.
Abnormal rise of ketone bodies depends on whether there is ketoacidosis, which is common in diabetic patients, hunger, fever, hyperthyroidism and pregnancy.
"Bile pigment" negative (-) normal urine has no bilirubin. When bilirubin in urine is positive (+), it may indicate biliary obstruction or liver disease.
The normal values of "urine occult blood OB" and "red blood cells" are less than 20, no blood in urine is negative (-), and blood in urine is positive (+). It can be used to infer hematuria related to urinary tract and kidney injury, glomerulonephritis, urethral calculus, kidney calculi's disease, cancer, gallbladder disease, falciparum malaria, rhabdomyolysis, hyperbilirubinemia and urine occult blood reaction.
The normal value of "epidermal cells" is
Generally speaking, the normal result of urine test items should be "negative". If the reaction is "positive", it is abnormal. The follow-up examination should be done again, and the overall evaluation should be carried out in cooperation with other projects to determine whether there is any physiological disease, and the follow-up examination should be carried out according to the doctor's advice.
(Article authorized to provide/Youhuo Health Network)
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