1. Children's immune system is immature, which is a period of low physiological immune function.
2. Children's upper respiratory function is not perfect, and they are particularly vulnerable.
3. The upper respiratory tract is directly connected with the outside world. Under normal circumstances, the pharynx is parasitic with viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms. When it suddenly catches cold and its resistance is low, local tissues are easily invaded by bacteria, causing inflammation.
4. Children's adaptability to the changes of surrounding environment and their resistance to diseases are relatively poor.
What can parents do for their children?
1. Indoor windows should be ventilated frequently to keep the air flowing, and wine should be sprayed indoors with various air disinfectants regularly. Pay attention to the temperature, humidity and air freshness of the indoor environment. The temperature is 18-20℃ and the humidity is 50-60%. Open the window 3-4 times a day for about 15 minutes each time, and wipe the table floor with a wet cloth every day to make the indoor air fresh and moist.
2. Strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness and improve the body's resistance to pathogens. Pay attention to giving children necessary physical exercise from an early age, increase outdoor activities, and improve their adaptability to cold and hot changes in the surrounding environment and their resistance to diseases. Children who are prone to respiratory diseases are mostly caused by weak resistance and poor cold tolerance. Therefore, parents are advised to wash their children's faces with cold water from spring to enhance their cold resistance.
3. Pay attention to children's clothes. Children should dress appropriately, increase or decrease with the temperature change, clothes should be moderate, and the back should not sweat. Many parents wrap their children tightly and mistakenly think that their children will not get sick. In fact, children have a lot of activities and sweat easily, so they wear too many clothes. Children can't move, sweat when they are active, and catch a cold when the wind blows. Don't put too many clothes on your children at ordinary times.
Paying attention to a balanced diet for children can enhance the body's resistance. In diet, children can be given more vitamins, and drinking more water can also achieve the purpose of prevention.
5. Vaccinate on time in strict accordance with the planned immunization program for children, improve immunity to infectious diseases and prevent infectious diseases.
6. Educate children to pay attention to food hygiene, personal hygiene and civilized lifestyle. Form the habit of washing hands before and after meals. Go to public places and crowded places as little as possible. Respiratory infectious diseases are mainly spread by droplets.
7. Children's bedding, clothes and towels are often exposed to the sun. Tableware toys and toilets should be disinfected regularly to prevent the spread of pathogenic bacteria.
8. Parents insist that their children check themselves before entering the park and after returning home. If you find oral ulcers, rashes or blisters, fever and diarrhea in your hands and feet, contact the kindergarten in time.
9. Strengthen children's physical exercise, insist on going to kindergarten, go to bed early and get up early, develop good work and rest habits, pay attention to children's food hygiene at home, and try to eat less cold food and unclean diet.
10. Strengthen family communication and communicate children's health status in time.
Knowledge of infectious disease prevention in kindergarten in spring II. Spring is the season of many infectious diseases. Common respiratory infectious diseases mainly include epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, common cold, influenza, mumps, measles, rubella and chickenpox. Common infectious diseases of digestive tract mainly include bacillary dysentery, acute enteritis, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, food poisoning and so on. These diseases are particularly easy to infect children and weak people.
The infectious sources of respiratory infectious diseases are mostly patients and pathogen carriers, and their pathogens mainly cause infection through air, droplets and other transmission routes. Respiratory infectious diseases generally have different degrees of fever, cough, expectoration and other symptoms. In severe cases, there will be life-threatening symptoms such as dyspnea and organ failure.
Infectious diseases of digestive tract are mainly caused by food, water and contact. The main symptoms are different degrees of fever, fatigue, muscle aches and other systemic symptoms; In addition, there are different digestive tract symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Preventive measures for infectious diseases in spring mainly include:
1, learn and understand health and disease prevention knowledge, and establish awareness of infectious disease prevention.
2. Inoculate the corresponding vaccine, and preventive vaccine is the best means to resist the occurrence of infectious diseases.
3, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, reasonable physical exercise, enhance the body's ability to resist diseases.
4. Open the window for ventilation, and try to reduce it to places where the air is not circulating and there are many people crowded.
5, pay attention to personal hygiene, develop good hygiene habits, wash your hands before and after meals, don't drink raw water, don't eat unclean food, and take good care of "illness from mouth to mouth".
6. In case of climate change, pay attention to increasing or decreasing clothes.
7, after the case, should be timely isolation treatment, pay attention to do a good job of disinfection.
Prevention knowledge of infectious diseases in kindergartens in spring 3 How to prevent children's diseases in spring? Spring is hot and cold, and the climate is changeable. Parents should pay attention to clothing, diet, skin care, prevent common diseases and help their babies change seasons healthily. Let's take a look at five common diseases of young children in spring and prevent them in advance.
Children's Spring Disease PreventionNo. 1. cold
Even in the late spring, the occasional "cold air" will make some babies with low resistance catch a cold. In this season of high incidence of diseases in spring, it seems that children will be caught again and again. In fact, in the first two years of the baby's life alone, the baby will get 8- 10 cold and have one or more flu attacks.
Disease index: ★★★★★★★
Symptoms: runny nose, stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, asthma, cough, etc. Occasionally have a slight cough and hoarse voice; Eyes are red and moist; Muscle pain; Vomiting and diarrhea; Fever, body temperature can reach 39℃ ~ 40℃.
Nursing points:
1. Let the children have a full rest. Let the child have a full rest when he is sick, which is conducive to the recovery of the disease. Don't go out at this time, and don't tease the children for a long time.
2. Drink plenty of water. Drinking plenty of water can not only wash away viruses and bacteria in the pharynx, but also consume the body's heat when it is hot, and at the same time, it can replenish the water lost due to antipyretic sweating in time. When drinking water, use a small amount of water many times. If children don't like to drink boiled water, they can also add some juice to make them drink more water.
Keep warm. According to the situation, some parents like to cover their children with quilts, which will cause high fever and convulsions. When the child sweats, dry the sweat with warm water and put on clean clothes in time; Indoor, don't wear too much, just like adults, even less than adults.
4. Eat reasonably. Children don't like to eat when they have a cold. Parents need to give liquid and semi-liquid food, such as milk, yogurt, porridge, noodles, bread and so on. At the same time, eat more fresh fruits (apples, kiwis) and vegetables, so as to ensure the antiviral effect of a lot of vitamin C.
5. Do not use nasal drops or sprays for more than 3 days, because they will thicken and stimulate nasal tissues, thus further blocking nasal passages.
6. Don't give your baby aspirin. If your baby needs to take antipyretics, you can choose acetaminophen or ibuprofen with the help of a doctor. Don't give antihistamines to babies under 2 years old without a doctor's advice.
Prevention Guide: First of all, it is the simplest and most effective way to prevent colds by opening windows frequently and keeping the indoor air fresh. Proper outdoor exercise and sunshine are helpful to your baby's health and reduce the chance of catching a cold. When going out, try to avoid taking your baby to public places where people gather. In addition, cultivate good living habits, ensure adequate sleep and maintain a normal lifestyle.
Children's disease prevention in spring No2. pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection of pneumonia tissue, which can cause one or all symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, fever, and accelerated respiratory rate. Once the baby's cold is not well controlled, especially the weak baby can easily develop from a cold to pneumonia.
Disease index: ★★★★★
Symptoms: shortness of breath, difficulty, sometimes accompanied by respiratory pain; The nose is open (indicating that the baby has difficulty breathing); Fever, the body temperature is generally between 38℃ and 39℃; Chest pain will increase when breathing; Abdominal pain and loss of appetite; Persistent cough and asthma.
Nursing points:
1. Fever: First, give the baby a fever. The use of acetaminophen and ibuprofen is relatively safe for infants. At the same time, you can also put a cool towel on your baby's forehead to achieve the effect of physical cooling. When conditions permit, you can take a warm bath at home.
2. Drink plenty of water: Try to let your baby drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration. A large amount of liquid can also loosen secretions and mucus, making sputum easier to cough up.
3. Adjust the baby's sleeping position: During this time, when the baby falls asleep, you might as well put an extra pillow behind his head and shoulders to help him breathe more smoothly.
4. Chest (back) tapping method: Let the baby sit on the sofa and "pat" his back to help him discharge the secretions in the airway. Parents can also consult a doctor about how to operate.
Prevention Guide: If your family has a cold or other respiratory infectious diseases, try to isolate the baby from the sick relatives to avoid the baby being infected; Frequent indoor ventilation; Protect your baby from passive smoking; If possible, giving your baby a vaccine to prevent pneumonia is also an effective way to prevent your baby from getting pneumonia.
skill
When the baby suffers from pneumonia and has the following symptoms, he should be sent to the hospital immediately.
Dyspnea, purple;
Mental discomfort or abnormal irritability;
Blue lips or nails;
Snoring while breathing;
Unable to sleep because of coughing and wheezing;
Can't take enough liquid, or keep vomiting;
Fever and abdominal pain;
Cough yellow, green or bloodshot mucus;
Cough continuously.
Knowledge of infectious disease prevention in kindergarten in spring 4 1 hand, foot and mouth disease
Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease in children caused by enterovirus. The incubation period is usually 2-7 days. Most patients have mild symptoms, mainly manifested as fever and rash or herpes on hands, feet and mouth. In severe cases, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, respiratory infection, pulmonary edema, myocarditis and other complications may occur. The route of transmission is contact with the source of infection and droplets.
2, chickenpox
Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus. The typical clinical manifestation of chickenpox is moderate to low fever, and soon red maculopapules appear in batches and quickly develop into clear oval blisters. After 24 hours, the blister becomes turbid and easy to break, then contracts from the center and scabs quickly. Clinically, papules, blisters and scabs often exist at the same time, showing a centripetal distribution, that is, the trunk comes first, followed by the head, face and limbs, while the hands and feet are less and the itching is heavier. After receiving regular treatment, if there is no complicated infection, it can be cured in 7- 10 days. The source of infection is mainly patients. The route of transmission is respiratory droplet infection and contact with tableware, toys, bedding and towels contaminated by varicella virus. People are generally susceptible, especially children. Because the disease is highly contagious, patients must be isolated at an early stage until all rashes are dry and scabbed.
3. Influenza
Influenza, referred to as influenza for short, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is highly contagious and ranks first among infectious diseases. The incubation period is 1-3 days. The main symptoms are fever, headache, runny nose, sore throat, dry cough, muscle and joint pain and discomfort all over the body. Fever usually lasts for 3-4 days, and some of them are severe pneumonia or gastrointestinal flu. The main sources of infection are patients and latent infections, and the infection period is 1 week. The route of transmission is mainly direct transmission by air droplets, and also indirect transmission by items contaminated by viruses.
Step 4: measles
Measles is an acute infectious disease caused by measles virus. The incubation period is 8- 12 days. Three days before the eruption, there was a moderate fever of about 38 degrees, accompanied by cough, runny nose, tears, photophobia, and gray spots on the oral cavity and buccal mucosa (this is characterized). 3 days of rash: On the 4th to 5th day of the course, the body temperature rises to about 40 degrees, and the red maculopapular rash gradually reaches the trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs from beginning to end; Recovery period: 3-4 days after the eruption, the body temperature gradually returned to normal, the rash began to subside, and the skin left sugar bran desquamation and brown pigmentation. Measles is transmitted by respiratory droplets, and patients are the only source of infection.
Preventive measures of common infectious diseases in spring
1. Eat a reasonable diet, increase nutrition, drink plenty of water, take enough vitamins, and eat more foods rich in high-quality protein, sugar and trace elements, such as lean meat, eggs, dates, honey, fresh vegetables and fruits; Take an active part in physical exercise, go to the suburbs and outdoors to breathe fresh air every day, take a walk, jog, do exercises and punch, so as to make your blood flow smoothly, stretch your muscles and strengthen your physique.
2. Don't go to places with dense population, mixed personnel and air pollution such as farmers' markets, individual restaurants and recreation rooms;
3. Always wash your hands thoroughly with running water, including wiping your hands without dirty towels;
4. Open the window for ventilation every day to keep the indoor air fresh, especially in dormitories, computer rooms and classrooms.
5. Arrange work and rest reasonably to make life regular; Be careful not to be overtired to avoid catching a cold and reducing the disease resistance;
6. Do not eat or process unclean food, refuse to eat all kinds of seafood and meat raw, eat fruits with skins, and do not drink raw water. Don't take the garbage out casually, don't pile it up casually, and the garbage should be destroyed in a unified way.
Matters needing attention for parents of common infectious diseases in spring
1, timely increase or decrease clothes: follow the old saying that "spring covers the autumn". When spring is in full bloom, don't rush to cut down clothes for your children. The temperature drops suddenly, so we should add clothes in time.
2, pay attention to hygiene: always keep the room clean, open the window and ventilate, so that the indoor air is fresh and sunny. It is necessary to dry bedding frequently, change clothes frequently, and take children to crowded public places less.
3, a reasonable diet: in the daily diet, in addition to eating the right amount of fish, meat, chicken, eggs, you should also eat more milk, soy products, vegetables and fruits. Babies should eat cod liver oil and calcium tablets when necessary.
4, adequate sleep: spring is prone to "spring sleep", ensuring children's adequate sleep, not only conducive to children's growth and development, but also enhance immunity.
5. Strengthen outdoor activities: The spring is sunny and everything grows. Let children go outdoors, get sunshine, breathe fresh air, and enhance their hematopoietic and immune functions.
6. Planned immunization: Vaccination should be carried out in time as planned to prevent common infectious diseases among children.
As the saying goes, "the season of the year lies in spring". Spring is a season of vigorous growth, but bacteria and viruses also like spring. Prevention of diseases is particularly important. In this changeable weather season, we should take corresponding measures to prevent the occurrence of various physical and mental diseases, pay close attention to the weather changes, and take comprehensive preventive and health care measures to effectively prevent the occurrence or aggravation of diseases.
Listen to the weather forecast in time. Spring is not only cloudy or sunny, but also windy. Chinese medicine believes that "the wind is the length of all diseases", therefore, according to the weather changes, timely increase or decrease clothes to prevent wind and cold. As the saying goes, "Spring covers autumn", but there is no learning in spring.
Strengthening diet conditioning, Chinese medicine believes that spring diet should be based on strengthening spleen and strengthening yang, which can appropriately increase nutrition. Amino acids in protein play an important role in invigorating the spirit, and B vitamins have important physiological functions in maintaining the normal functions of nerves, digestion, muscles and circulatory system. Calcium and magnesium can affect muscle contraction and nerve cell transformation, which is beneficial to relieve mental tension. Therefore, the intake of foods containing such nutrients should be appropriately increased, mainly including lean pork, animal offal, fish, eggs, milk, beans and their products, seaweed, miscellaneous grains, tomatoes, carrots, spinach, vegetables, cauliflower and potatoes.
Pay attention to environmental hygiene, the temperature rises in early spring, and all kinds of pathogenic microorganisms are easy to breed. In order to reduce the pathogenic factors, we should pay attention to improving the living and working environment. Indoor and outdoor should be cleaned frequently to keep the environment clean and tidy. It can also be used for greening, beautifying and purifying indoor and outdoor environment, and regulating microclimate by cultivating flowers and plants. Always open the doors and windows to make the air convection and keep the indoor air fresh and sunny.
Regular daily life, regular life, punctual work and rest, and adequate sleep.
Strengthen physical exercise to enhance physical fitness. Spring is a good opportunity to exercise. Get more sunshine, do more outdoor activities, exercise limbs and joints, and promote body metabolism. You can get up early properly and choose some simple exercises, such as walking, jogging, outing, gymnastics and so on. , can not only be conducive to the smooth flow of blood, stagnation and evacuation, but also pleasant and nourishing.
Prevention knowledge of infectious diseases in kindergarten in spring 6. Basic knowledge
1. Chickenpox
Patients are contagious from 2 days before eruption to 6 days after eruption. There may be precursor symptoms such as fever, headache and general burnout in the early stage of onset, and a rash appears within 24 hours of onset. The distribution of rash is centripetal, that is, there are more trunks and heads and fewer limbs. In most cases, patients have mild symptoms and can be cured without treatment.
2. Mumps
The patient is contagious from 6-7 days before parotid gland enlargement to 9 days after parotid gland enlargement. At the beginning of the disease, there may be precursor symptoms such as fever, headache, fatigue and loss of appetite. 1-2 days later, there will be pain in the zygomatic arch or ear, and then there will be salivary gland enlargement, usually one or both parotids.
3. Hand, foot and mouth disease
Hand, foot and mouth disease patients and recessive infected people are the sources of infection, mainly through digestive tract, respiratory tract and close contact. Most of them occur in preschool children, especially in the age group under 3 years old. The main symptoms are maculopapules and herpes on hands, feet and mouth, and a few severe cases may have meningitis, encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, pulmonary edema and circulatory disorders.
4. People are infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza.
The main sources of infection are poultry (poultry, wild birds) and birds with avian influenza or virus. Infection is mainly through the respiratory tract, but it may also be caused by close contact with infected birds and their secretions, feces and polluted water, but no evidence of effective transmission between people has been found. The early symptoms are very similar to the common flu, mainly manifested as high fever (mostly lasting above 38℃), cough, sore throat, headache, general malaise and other symptoms.
Second, the prevention points
1. Cover your nose and mouth with a handkerchief or tissue when sneezing or coughing in crowded places. Don't spit everywhere, and don't throw away the toilet paper used to spit or wipe your nose.
Wash your hands frequently, and don't wipe your hands with dirty towels.
3. Wash or wipe your hands immediately after contact with respiratory secretions (such as sneezing).
4. Avoid sharing water cups, tableware, towels, toothbrushes and other items with others.
5. Pay attention to environmental sanitation and indoor ventilation. If there are patients with symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases around, increase ventilation times, avoid direct access when opening the window, and pay attention to keep warm. Clothes and bedding should always be exposed to the sun.
6. Drink plenty of water and eat more fruits and vegetables to increase your immunity.
7. Try to avoid going to crowded public places.
Prevention knowledge of infectious diseases in kindergarten in spring 7 Infectious diseases are a kind of diseases caused by many pathogens, which can spread between people and animals. Spring is the season of many infectious diseases, such as epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, influenza, mumps, measles, rubella, chickenpox and other respiratory infectious diseases. Hand, foot and mouth disease, bacillary dysentery, typhoid fever, other infectious diarrhea, hepatitis A and other intestinal infectious diseases. Attention should also be paid to epidemic hemorrhagic fever, human infection with H7N9 avian influenza and food poisoning. The key points of prevention and control are as follows:
First, increase or decrease clothes at any time to avoid catching cold; Moderate exercise to improve immunity; Try to go to crowded places as little as possible; Open the window regularly every day to keep the indoor air fresh.
Second, we must improve environmental sanitation. Scientifically kill rats and insects, prevent epidemic hemorrhagic fever and other natural foci diseases, especially livestock practitioners and field workers should do personal protection.
Third, pay attention to personal hygiene. Develop good personal hygiene habits such as washing hands before and after meals, have a reasonable diet and nutrition, use raw and cooked food chopping boards and kitchen knives separately, and do not eat foods from unknown sources and expired foods. Try to avoid contact with poultry as much as possible. Edible poultry products should be cooked and steamed thoroughly. Reduce the occurrence of intestinal infectious diseases.
Fourth, it is necessary to vaccinate the whole process. For diseases that can be prevented by vaccination, it is necessary to vaccinate in time and throughout the whole process to improve immunity.
Fifth, we should pay attention to self-management after illness. Once infected with infectious diseases, it is necessary to see a doctor in time, isolate treatment, minimize activities in public places, and avoid infecting others; If you find patients with infectious diseases around you, you should avoid close contact with them, and you can be vaccinated urgently according to the situation.
Ventilation, washing hands frequently, drinking boiled water, eating cooked food, drying clothes and bask in the quilt, exercise to prevent diseases!