Health and health knowledge
(1) Sleep hygiene
① Create a good sleeping environment. There is no sound and light in the bedroom, the air is fresh, the temperature is appropriate, the bed is moderate in hardness, the patch is clean, and the size and thickness are appropriate.
② Develop the hygienic habit of going to bed and getting up on time.
3 correct sleeping position. It is best to lean to the right, put your upper arms freely, bend your legs naturally, and bend your spine forward, like? Shrimp recipe? This can relax the muscles of the whole body, not oppress the heart, have good blood circulation and easily eliminate fatigue.
Don't sleep with your head covered. In order to prevent the oxygen in the quilt from gradually decreasing and the carbon dioxide from increasing, you will feel chest tightness and shortness of breath.
rest
Rest is the most effective physiological method to recover from fatigue or illness. There are many ways to rest, ranging from local rest of active parts to rest or sleep of the whole body. In nature, there are ways and means to change activities or work, such as intervening in some exercise, recreational activities, walking, qigong or taking a nap between mental work and manual work, so that some of the original activities can rest and other parts can move.
The combination of work and rest is the best way of life to prevent fatigue, keep fit and improve work efficiency.
(2) Sports hygiene
Exercise is a positive way to exercise, promote health and prevent diseases. Pay attention to hygiene and safety during exercise.
① Clothes and shoes worn during exercise should be light, soft and fit.
② Be prepared for exercise before exercise. The sports ground should be flat and free of gravel.
(3) After the exercise, take a rest before drinking water or eating.
(4) Dry the sweat in time after exercise and put on clothes immediately. In case of catching a cold.
⑤ Don't do strenuous activities half an hour before meals and one hour after meals.
6. When exercising, you should choose exercise according to your age and physical strength, enough is enough, and don't be too tired.
⑦ Don't exercise in a polluted environment.
(3) Entertainment and health
Entertainment is an active way to rest, such as going to public entertainment places to watch movies, performances, karaoke dance halls and so on. These activities can eliminate brain fatigue and relax the spirit. But the entertainment time at night should not be too long, so as not to affect sleep. In winter and spring, when there are respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza and avian meningitis, you should go to public entertainment places less or not.
Knowledge of health and health preservation in spring
1. After studying at ordinary times, you should take part in more physical exercises, such as skipping rope, jumping and ball games. Only when our bodies are strong can diseases take advantage of it.
2. Keep the campus environment clean and tidy, leaving no sanitary corner. Our classrooms and families should always open windows for ventilation to keep the air fresh and ventilated.
Try to go to crowded places, especially public places with poor ventilation.
Pay attention to personal hygiene, wash your hands and cut your nails frequently.
Don't wear too little. Wear clothes according to the weather forecast and the actual situation outside to avoid catching cold.
6. Don't be partial eclipse, try not to drink carbonated drinks such as cola, because cold drinks are easy to cause abdominal pain, and it is easy to get angry and lose calcium in the body. Usually eat more vegetables, fruits and drink more water.
7. Daily necessities, clothes and quilts at home should be washed and dried frequently when the weather is good.
8. Be sure to get enough sleep and don't be too tired, because fatigue can easily reduce our resistance.
9. Students infected with diseases must go to the hospital for standardized treatment, so as not to delay their illness. Students who already have cold symptoms should not throw away paper towels to wipe their noses at will to prevent cross infection.
10. All kinds of vaccines arranged by health and epidemic prevention must be vaccinated on time. Because many vaccinations are carefully arranged by the health and epidemic prevention departments, they are aimed at specific seasons and specific diseases, such as measles vaccine, meningococcal vaccine and influenza vaccine. It can still play a preventive role after inoculation.
In addition, for children with allergies, because there are many allergens in nature, such as pollen, insects, animal feathers, cold air, etc., special attention should be paid. If you are allergic to pollen, you should reduce outdoor activities, especially in parks and greenhouses. Don't keep cats, dogs and other small animals at home, don't lay carpets, and wear masks when going out.
Health knowledge of common disease prevention
First, norovirus gastroenteritis
Norovirus infectious diarrhea is caused by Norovirus, which has the characteristics of acute onset, rapid spread and wide coverage. Norovirus is highly contagious, mainly transmitted through the intestine, and can be transmitted through polluted water, food, articles and air. The incubation period is mostly 24-48 hours, the shortest is 12 hours and the longest is 72 hours.
Main symptoms: nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Vomiting is common in children and diarrhea is common in adults. In addition, headache, chills and muscle pain can be seen, and dehydration symptoms can occur in severe cases.
2. Transmission path:
Eat food or drink drinks contaminated with norovirus.
Touch an object or surface contaminated by norovirus, and then touch your mouth with your hand.
Spread by tiny droplets of vomit.
Direct contact with infected people, such as taking care of patients, eating with patients or using the same tableware.
Three prevention methods:
Do a good job in environmental sanitation, timely removal and treatment of garbage and human and animal feces.
Do a good job in water source protection and drinking water disinfection.
Don't eat raw, half-cooked and unclean food, and don't drink unclean drinks.
Pay attention to personal hygiene and wash your hands often with soap and hand sanitizer.
Norovirus patients generally take symptomatic or supportive treatment as the main treatment and do not need antibiotics. The prognosis is good. As long as you pay attention to replenish enough water, you can usually heal yourself in one to three days.
Second, hand, foot and mouth disease
Hand, foot and mouth disease spreads through many ways, and infants and children are generally susceptible. The hygiene of children's individuals, families and kindergartens is the key to prevent the disease. Preventive and control measures for kindergartens, primary schools and other collective units;
1. In the popular season, classrooms and dormitories should be well ventilated;
2. Clean and disinfect toys, personal hygiene utensils, tableware and other items every day;
3. When cleaning or disinfecting (especially cleaning toilets), the staff should wear gloves. Wash your hands immediately after cleaning;
4. Wipe and disinfect the surfaces of door handles, stair handrails, desktops and other objects every day;
5. Educate and guide children to develop the habit of washing hands correctly;
6. Have a morning check every day. When suspicious children are found, measures should be taken to send them to the hospital in time and rest at home. Articles used by children should be disinfected immediately;
7. When the number of children increases, it should be reported to the education and health departments in time. According to the needs of epidemic control, the education and health departments may decide to take holiday measures in kindergartens or primary schools.
Chickenpox, mumps and flu
(1) Chickenpox: The patient is contagious from 2 days before eruption to 6 days after eruption. There may be precursor symptoms such as fever, headache and general burnout in the early stage of onset, and a rash appears within 24 hours of onset. The distribution of rash is centripetal, that is, there are more trunks and heads and fewer limbs. In most cases, patients have mild symptoms and can be cured without treatment.
(2) Mumps: The patient is contagious from 6-7 days before the parotid gland is obviously swollen to 9 days after the parotid gland is swollen. At the beginning of the disease, there may be precursor symptoms such as fever, headache, fatigue and loss of appetite. 1-2 days after the onset, there will be pain in the zygomatic arch or ear, and then there will be salivary gland enlargement, usually one or both parotids.
(3) Influenza: sudden high fever, general pain, obvious fatigue and mild respiratory symptoms. The disease is self-limited, but due to the difference of individual immunity, it will also cause more serious symptoms and lead to death.
(4) Prevention points
1. Cover your nose and mouth with a handkerchief or tissue when sneezing or coughing in crowded places. Don't spit everywhere, and don't throw away the toilet paper used to spit or wipe your nose.
Wash your hands frequently, and don't wipe your hands with dirty towels.
3. Wash or wipe your hands immediately after contact with respiratory secretions (such as sneezing).
4. Avoid sharing water cups, tableware, towels, toothbrushes and other items with others.
5. Pay attention to environmental sanitation and indoor ventilation. If there are patients with symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases around, increase ventilation times, avoid direct access when opening the window, and pay attention to keep warm.
6. Drink plenty of water and eat more fruits and vegetables to increase your immunity.
7. Try to avoid going to crowded public places.
8. If necessary, parents can choose to be vaccinated.