With the westernization of China people's diet and lack of exercise, the number of colorectal cancer has increased to15500 per year, making it the first cancer in the world and the most common cancer in China, causing 5000 deaths every year. How to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer is very worthy of attention. Colorectal cancer is asymptomatic at the initial stage and generally evolved from lymph node nuclei. The occurrence of colorectal cancer can be reduced if it is removed by colonoscopy at the stage of lymph node nucleus.
Mr. Huang, 39, is obese and has a waist circumference of 96 cm. He has a family history of colorectal cancer and a smoking habit. I have been relieving blood recently because of soft stools and abdominal distension many times a day for several months. I went to the doctor for colonoscopy and found that the sigmoid colon had 2 cm of meat. After complete resection by colonoscopy and electrotome, the pathological report was villous adenoma with high cell dysplasia (precancerous lesion), and there was no recurrence after colonoscopy for one year.
Be alert to bloody stool and change of defecation habits 12 early warning of colorectal cancer.
The director of the Department of Gastrointestinal Hepatobiliary Surgery of the General Hospital of China said that patients often hesitate to have colonoscopy. According to many years of clinical experience, the warning message 12 is put forward for the public to refer to when deciding whether to accept colorectal examination:
Warning 1) Hemolysis or fecal occult blood reaction/friction between feces and tumor can lead to bleeding. However, the amount of bleeding in early tumor is small, which is not easy to be found by naked eyes. Early detection of fecal occult blood is helpful. Therefore, the national medical service system provides fecal occult blood examination for people aged 50 to 74 every two years.
Warning 2) Changes in defecation habits or stool shape/frequency, weight loss after urgency or changes in stool shape for more than 2 weeks may cause abnormal changes in intestinal structure, including intestinal stenosis caused by colorectal tumors.
Warning 3) Age over 50/According to the statistical analysis, it is confirmed that the onset age of colorectal cancer is 50 to 75 years old. Therefore, if the patient is over 50 years old and has abdominal discomfort, the examination of large intestine should be considered.
Warning 4) Unexplained chronic anemia and burn-out/friction between feces and tumor will lead to long-term small amount of bleeding, which is not easy to find; Colorectal cancer causes intestinal stenosis and malnutrition, leading to chronic anemia, which will not be detected until dizziness and burnout.
Warning 5) Abdominal mass/tumor is too large or metastasized to other organs in abdominal cavity, showing abdominal mass. Or tumor obstruction, stool accumulation in the intestine, so abdominal palpation is tumor-like lesions.
Warning 6) Family history of colorectal cancer/Family history of colorectal cancer increases the risk of colorectal cancer by more than 3 times. Therefore, the large intestine examination should start at the age of 40.
Warning 7) Colorectal adenomatous lymphadenopathy or inflammatory colitis/colorectal adenoma can turn into colorectal cancer after several years, and colorectal cancer may occur after 8 years of inflammatory colitis. People with the above two diseases need to have regular colonoscopy.
Warning 8) People who prefer to eat roasted red meat and processed meat, eating less high-fiber fruits and vegetables/high-temperature roasted red meat will produce carcinogens such as isocyanamide, and processed meat containing "nitrate" also has cancer risk. Vegetable and fruit fiber can dilute toxic substances, promote defecation, shorten the retention time of carcinogens and reduce the occurrence of cancer.
Warning 9) Obesity and lack of exercise/obesity will increase the risk of colorectal cancer by about 1.5 times, and the recurrence rate and mortality rate of obese patients with colorectal cancer after treatment are higher.
Early warning 10) Unexplained tumor index (CEA and CA- 199)/tumor index (CEA and CA- 199) rises, which may be caused by colorectal cancer, biliary tract cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc. , need further inspection.
Warning 1 1) Long-term smoking and excessive drinking/smoking will produce carcinogens, which will increase the occurrence of colorectal cancer through blood circulation. Alcohol given to offspring's large intestine will turn into carcinogen acetaldehyde, which will also lead to cancer.
Warning 12) unexplained chronic abdominal pain and weight loss/invasion or metastasis of large intestine tumor to tissues outside the intestinal wall and intestinal obstruction will cause chronic abdominal pain, leading to malnutrition and weight loss.
The applicability of the four screening methods for intestinal cancer is different.
There are four main screening methods for colorectal tumors: (1) fecal occult blood test, which is simple and convenient, but positive patients still need colonoscopy for diagnosis; (2) sigmoidoscopy can be used for mild discomfort, but only part of the large intestine can be detected; (3) Barium contrast examination of large intestine can be used for mild discomfort and complete examination of large intestine, but tumor section or polypectomy cannot be performed; (4) colonoscopy, suitable for the examination of mild to severe pain, can observe the large intestine completely, and perform tumor slicing, resection and hemostasis. If you are worried about pain, you can consider accepting a pain-reducing colonoscopy.
Director Chen Jinsheng reminded that those who meet the 12 colorectal cancer early warning project should receive colorectal examination as soon as possible. If you are worried about the risk of colonoscopy, you should choose experts in gastroenterology. People who are worried about the pain and anesthesia risk of colonoscopy can choose an experienced and well-equipped anesthesia colonoscopy team. If you have a strong psychological fear of colonoscopy pain and anesthesia risk, you can consider colonoscopy (and sigmoidoscopy). Early examination, early diagnosis and early treatment can make you healthy forever! (Article authorized to provide/Youhuo Health Network)