There are many reasons for hemorrhoids. Sedentary, standing for a long time, tired, etc. It makes the human body stay in a fixed position for a long time, thus affecting the blood circulation, making the blood flow in the pelvic cavity slow and the internal organs congested, causing over-filling, varicose veins, bulging vein walls and decreased tension, which is one of the important reasons for hemorrhoids. If insufficient exercise, slow intestinal peristalsis, slow defecation or habitual constipation, thus compressing the vein, causing local congestion and blood reflux disorder, increasing the internal pressure of hemorrhoids and reducing the resistance of vein wall, it can also lead to an increase in the incidence of hemorrhoids. According to the analysis of clinical observation and statistical investigation results, the prevalence rate of patients in different occupations is significantly different, and the prevalence rate of government officials, car drivers, salespeople and teachers is obviously higher in clinic.
The hemorrhoid nucleus located in the mucosa inside the anus is called "internal hemorrhoid", and the hemorrhoid near the inside of the anus is called "external hemorrhoid", both of which are called "mixed hemorrhoid". The symptoms of hemorrhoids are pain in the affected area and bloody stool. In severe cases, hemorrhoids will protrude from the anus (prolapse) and then retract after defecation.
At present, most doctors in China believe that the causes of hemorrhoids are as follows:
1. Anatomical reasons: When a person is standing or sitting, the anus and rectum are located in the lower part. Due to gravity and organ compression, the upward venous return is quite blocked. The rectal vein and its branches lack venous valves, so the blood is not easy to return, and it is easy to congestion. Its blood vessels are arranged in a special way, passing through the muscular layer at different heights, which is easy to be oppressed by feces and affects blood return. Veins pass through the loose tissue of submucosa, lack of stents around them, and are easy to expand and flex.
Second, genetic relationship: the vein wall is inherently fragile, the resistance is reduced, and it cannot tolerate intravascular pressure, so it gradually expands.
Third, professional relations: people standing or sedentary for a long time, traveling with heavy load for a long time, affect venous return, make the blood flow in the pelvic cavity slow, and the internal organs are congested, resulting in excessive filling of hemorrhoid veins, decreased tension of venous walls, and easy congestion and expansion of blood vessels. Due to insufficient exercise, decreased intestinal peristalsis, slow defecation, or habitual constipation, the vein can be compressed and stimulated, causing local congestion and blood reflux disorder, resulting in increased pressure in hemorrhoid vein and decreased resistance of vein wall.
Fourth, local stimulation and improper diet: cold, heat, constipation, diarrhea, excessive drinking and eating spicy food in the anus can stimulate the anus and rectum, make the hemorrhoid venous plexus congested, affect the venous blood return, and thus reduce the resistance of the venous wall.
5. Increased pressure of anal vein: Due to liver cirrhosis, liver congestion, cardiac insufficiency and other reasons, the anal vein can be congested and the pressure will increase, which will affect the blood return of rectal vein.
6. Increased intra-abdominal pressure: intra-abdominal tumors, uterine tumors, ovarian tumors, prostatic hypertrophy, pregnancy, overeating or squatting for too long can increase intra-abdominal pressure and hinder venous blood return.
7. Anal infection: Hemorrhoid venous plexus is inflamed due to acute and chronic infection, and the elastic tissue of venous wall is gradually weakened due to fibrosis, resulting in varicose veins expanding. Coupled with other reasons, varicose veins gradually increase, resulting in hemorrhoids.
Hemorrhoids are mainly composed of dilated veins, spongy tissues and connective tissue stroma. The vein expands and bends, its wall becomes thinner, the outer membrane and middle layer contract, and the elastic fibrous tissue in the wall becomes fibrous tissue [some veins remain unchanged]. There may be a thrombus in the vein and a blood clot outside the vein. There is often acute and chronic inflammation, cell infiltration can be seen, and sometimes a small abscess is formed. Spongy tissue, called rectal cavernous body, consists of many small blood vessels and short and flexible arterioles. Sometimes there is arteriovenous fistula, and arterial pulsation can be felt in the hemorrhoid. The surface of internal hemorrhoids is columnar epithelium, and the surface of external hemorrhoids is squamous epithelium.
The incidence of hemorrhoids is very high, and the recurrence rate of patients with hemorrhoids after surgery or other treatment is also very high. Investigate its reason, in addition to the treatment is not thorough, do not pay attention to prevent the occurrence of hemorrhoids, is also an important factor, to prevent the occurrence of hemorrhoids, mainly in the following aspects:
(1) Strengthen exercise: Take part in various sports activities such as broadcast gymnastics, Tai Ji Chuan and Qigong. Can enhance the body's disease resistance, reduce the possibility of illness, and also have a certain preventive effect on hemorrhoids. This is because physical exercise is beneficial to blood circulation, can reconcile human qi and blood, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, improve pelvic congestion, prevent constipation and prevent hemorrhoids. On the other hand, self-massage can improve the local blood circulation of anus. There are two ways: one is to massage Changqiang point at the tip of coccyx for about 5 minutes before going to bed, which can dredge meridians and improve anal blood circulation; Another method is to consciously contract the anus upward with your mind, once every morning/kloc-0, 30 times each time. This is a method of internal pushing, which has the functions of removing blood stasis, exercising anal sphincter and improving middle qi. Often used, it can improve the venous reflux of hemorrhoids and play a certain role in the prevention and self-treatment of hemorrhoids.
(2) Prevention of constipation: Normal people defecate/kloc-0 times a day, and they have different habits after breakfast, lunch and dinner. Normal defecation is soft, dry and not thin. I don't feel difficult when defecating, but I feel relaxed and comfortable after defecation, which shows that the gastrointestinal function is good. If constipation is hard, it is not only difficult to defecate, but also because of the accumulation of feces in the intestinal cavity, so that the pressure in the anorectal blood vessels increases and the blood return is blocked, which makes hemorrhoids varicose veins form hemorrhoids. To prevent constipation, we should pay attention to the following points:
① Reasonable diet. It can not only increase appetite, correct constipation, improve gastrointestinal function, but also develop the habit of regular defecation. In the daily diet, you can choose vegetables, fruits, beans and other foods with more vitamins and cellulose, and eat less spicy and irritating foods, such as peppers, mustard and ginger.
② Develop the habit of regular defecation. Healthy people usually have no feces in their rectum. Upright reflex caused by getting up in the morning and gastrocolon reflex caused by breakfast can produce strong "group peristalsis" in the colon, pushing feces into the rectum, and feces in the rectum accumulate to a certain amount, resulting in defecation. Therefore, it is best to develop the habit of defecating regularly every morning, which plays an extremely important role in preventing hemorrhoids. Some people think that drinking 1 cup of cold boiled water in the morning can stimulate gastrointestinal movement and prevent constipation. Besides, taking part in various sports activities in the morning, such as running, doing exercises and playing Tai Ji Chuan, can prevent constipation. Don't stop defecation when you feel defecation, because defecation for too long will cause habitual constipation. Squatting in the toilet for too long, reading newspapers, or using too much force when defecating are all bad defecation habits and should be corrected.
③ Choose the correct method to treat constipation. For ordinary constipation patients, we can take a reasonable diet and develop the habit of regular defecation to correct it. For intractable constipation or constipation caused by a certain disease, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible, and you must not take laxatives or enemas for a long time. Because taking laxatives for a long time will not only make rectal blood vessels congested and dilated, but also lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction. Long-term enema will make rectal mucosa feel dull, defecation reflex slow down, aggravate constipation, which is conducive to the occurrence of hemorrhoids. Therefore, if you have intractable constipation, you must treat it correctly under the guidance of an experienced specialist.
(3) Pay attention to health care during pregnancy: women can increase abdominal pressure after pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. The dilated uterus compresses the inferior vena cava, which directly affects the reflux of hemorrhoid veins and is easy to induce hemorrhoids, especially when the fetal position is not correct. Therefore, it is not only beneficial to health care during pregnancy, but also to the prevention of anal diseases such as hemorrhoids. In addition, the general activity of pregnant women is relatively reduced, which leads to the weakening of gastrointestinal function, the retention of feces in the intestinal cavity, and the re-absorption of water in feces, resulting in dry feces and hemorrhoids. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately increase activities during pregnancy. Avoid standing for a long time and sitting for a long time, and pay attention to keeping the stool unobstructed. Fumigating and washing anus with warm water after defecation every time can improve blood circulation of anus, which is very beneficial to prevent hemorrhoids.
(4) Keep the anus clean: The anus, rectum and sigmoid colon are the places where feces are stored and excreted. There are many bacteria in feces, and the surrounding anus is easily polluted by these bacteria, which induces the infection of sweat glands and sebaceous glands around anus, resulting in sores and abscesses. Female vagina is close to anus, and there are more vaginal secretions, which can stimulate anal skin and induce hemorrhoids. Therefore, always keep the anus clean, smoke and wash it with warm water every day, and change underwear frequently, which can play a role in preventing hemorrhoids.
(5) Others: Increased abdominal pressure can block venous reflux of hemorrhoids and cause hemorrhoids. There are many diseases that cause abdominal pressure to increase in clinic. For example, abdominal tumors compress blood vessels in the abdominal cavity, which can block the venous return of hemorrhoids and cause hemorrhoids. Portal hypertension caused by liver cirrhosis can dilate anorectal blood vessels and cause hemorrhoids. At this time, cirrhosis should be treated first. Don't rush to treat hemorrhoids, because the symptoms of hemorrhoids can be improved after liver cirrhosis is relieved.
There are many ways to prevent hemorrhoids. As long as we pay attention to it in our daily life, we can not only prevent and reduce the occurrence of hemorrhoids, but also alleviate the symptoms of patients with hemorrhoids and reduce and prevent the onset of hemorrhoids.
Simple self-treatment of hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are a common and frequently-occurring disease. It is difficult for human beings to make rectal venous blood flow back upward when walking upright, and it is more likely to form venous dilatation and suffer from hemorrhoids when internal organs are pressed downward. The clinical manifestations are anal pruritus, swelling and pain, and bleeding. The theory of traditional Chinese medicine is: hemorrhoids are caused by heat and blood drops, and stagnation cannot be dispersed. Old and weak, drinking and smoking, and eating too spicy are all inducing factors. Therefore, scientific and reasonable simple self-therapy is of great significance to this disease.
First, diet and daily care methods. Regularization of life, regular defecation every day to keep the stool unobstructed; Always clean the anus and keep it dry. Diet should be light, avoid spicy food, eat more fruits and vegetables, such as watermelon, banana, tomato, etc., which can moisten the intestines. Especially in summer, drink more salt and boiled water to avoid excessive sweat excretion.
Second, the drug conditioning method. Glauber's salt and pepper can be brewed and smoked at the ratio of 10: 1. You can also take a bath with warm water after defecation every day, and use Jiuhua ointment, Galla Chinensis powder or Huanglian ointment for external use.
Third, exercise nursed back to health method. Proper exercise can reduce venous pressure, strengthen the function of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system, eliminate constipation and enhance muscle strength. This is very effective in preventing and treating hemorrhoids. The action of lifting the anus is the simplest and most effective method: relax the whole body, tighten the hips and thighs, cooperate with inhalation, lift the anus upwards, hold your breath a little, then exhale and relax the whole body. This kind of exercise can be done anytime and anywhere.