Psychology is a science that studies human psychological phenomena, psychological functions and behaviors. It is not only a theoretical discipline, but also an applied discipline. Let's take a look at pre-school children's psychology books for reference only!
Preschool children's psychology books
1, "Learn a little about children's psychology every day"
This book mainly aims at the common "problems" and "problems" of children aged 3-8, and makes an in-depth analysis by using the knowledge of children's psychology and growth psychology to help parents find the deep-seated reasons of these problems and give professional guidance.
3~8 years old is an important period for the formation of children's personality, way of thinking and values, and during this period, children's self-awareness is gradually enhanced, requiring independence and freedom in thought and behavior. If parents don't pay attention to these requirements of children, or ignore these requirements, children will show violence, resistance, rebellion and other behaviors. If parents simply suppress these behaviors, they will inevitably encounter greater resistance from their children and strengthen their negative behaviors.
Therefore, when parents of children aged 3-8 discover their children's bad behavior, what they need to do is not to "treat the symptoms", but to deeply understand the deep psychological reasons behind the behavior and guide them with scientific methods, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort.
2. "Learn a little about children's psychology every day 2"
Before the age of 8, you can help your child acquire a good character.
If your child is introverted, timid, sensitive and shy; If your child is afraid to try and can't integrate into the new environment; If you don't know how to correct your child's personality weakness, improve your child's personality; Then you need to read a book.
It will help you:
1. Know your child and read his heart;
2. Understand the child's psychological development curve and guide the child to grow up;
3. Learn parenting methods that conform to children's psychology and raise children scientifically;
4. Use the method of growth psychology for reference to correct the growth deviation of children.
Don't think you know children's hearts.
What is the greatest luck of a child? There is an educated mother.
Understanding children's inner world is a great proposition. "Understanding" children is the beginning of educating children. If we don't understand children, then the "education" we give them is a disaster! Who has the greatest influence on children aged 0-6? It's parents! Parents' education for their children occupies an absolute dominant position, which is incomparable and irreplaceable by anyone and any institution! Parents' position is more important than any position! No one is born to be a parent, and parents also need "pre-job training" and learning, otherwise you can only support and raise children.
This book has the following features:
A. pay attention to the case, and it is the author's own case. The book records more than 240 cases of family parenting education, all of which are the author's personal experiences. It is interesting but not boring to read.
B. Introduce literary creation techniques, such as philosophical essays, and tell a little thing to make people realize a certain parenting principle.
C. nuanced observation of life. The author is a careful mother who really integrates education into the little things in life, which every parent may encounter or often encounter. In the process of getting along with children personally, the author recorded and found almost every minor problem in getting along with children. These problems are very good opportunities for family education. The author not only expounds the scientific concept of education from the perspective of educators, but also expounds how to deal with various problems faced by children on their growth path from the perspective of mothers. This provides a typical specimen case set for us to cultivate children, which is very practical.
4. Love is on the left and discipline is on the right.
The book says, "I regard the rational left brain as a professionally trained psychotherapist;" With my sensible right brain, as a mother who watched her son grow up healthily, I humbly expressed my educational philosophy. I sincerely hope that because of my sharing, I will bring more relaxed and beautiful growth experiences to many children. "
Teacher Jin Yunrong is a psychologist, especially good at aromatherapy. At the same time, she is also a very educated mother, with a loving mother's heart, warm and full of strength.
This is the continuation of Mr. Jin's delicate and emotional writing style. Analyze children's psychology from the perspective of professional psychology and interpret effective teaching methods. The contents of the book cover the common problems and solutions encountered by children during their growth, and are also interspersed with interesting energy colorimetry and aromatherapy.
5. You're Important-Deciphering the Code for Healthy Growth of Teenagers.
"People stubbornly believe that children are beautiful and simple. In fact, this is not always the case. Just like a fish, how much can you know about the water it depends on all its life? Children's experience of pain is even richer, more intense and heavier than that of adults ... "This is how the famous writer Bi Shumin felt when he wrote You Are Important: Deciphering the Code for the Healthy Growth of Teenagers. As for how to decipher the code of teenagers' growth, Mr. Bi carefully designed the 12 targeted game according to children's psychological characteristics, so that children can unconsciously open their hearts and show their true selves in the most relaxed game. The seemingly simple game "Deciphering the Password of Teenagers' Healthy Growth is Important to You" is full of simple wisdom guidance, so that young friends can overcome various psychological problems, explore their potential and become healthy and upward sunshine teenagers after knowing themselves and themselves.
Research methods of child psychology
1, observation method
Warren believes that children's psychology has adopted the observation method from the beginning, and it is by this method that achievements have been made. Observation is an objective method, but it is also easy to be mixed with subjective factors. In order to describe it comprehensively and accurately, we should be selective in observation and use "frame of reference", that is, phenomena that can be explained and matched with the original knowledge and experience system. In addition, he also asked observers to master an important principle: methods should be combined with opinions. Only the right viewpoint can guarantee the right method and get the right result.
2. Experimental method
Warren believes that the experimental method cannot be used for children before the age of 3, because the experimental method is an observation method under certain conditions. Changing the natural conditions of children's lives in order to facilitate observation will cause unnatural changes in children's psychology, and undoubtedly the correct results will not be obtained. He thinks that in some experiments, we can only change the observation tool without changing the object, that is, we can combine observation with natural law, that is, natural experiment.
3. Clinical methods
Warren pointed out that when dealing with children with morbid psychology, clinical methods can infer the reasons according to the results; To study some typical behaviors of sick children. You can understand the development speed of their psychological activities or functions. Clinical methods are helpful to diagnose children with abnormal development and predict what kind of life they can adapt to, which is of great significance to guide the life and education of children with normal development.
4. Statistical methods of inspection
Warren thinks that quantitative statistics can be used, although there are limitations. When counting the number of any psychological characteristics, don't be confused by superficial phenomena, but be sure to observe carefully. If the intelligence test is conducted, the purpose of the test is to show the highest level of children's intelligence development, which requires the use of statistics to make up for the lack of testing methods and make some inspections and corrections. In Huarong's view, testing and statistics may contribute to the analysis of individual psychological characteristics, but they are powerless to fully express a person's psychological whole.
It should be pointed out that the characteristic of Warren's research method lies not in the method itself, but in the viewpoint that guides his method, that is, when using research methods, we should use dialectical materialism to understand the law of the continuous formation and change of reality, and only in this way can we express the essence of objective reality. Therefore, Huarong Road resolutely opposes the separation from the surrounding environment when studying children, and also opposes Abbina's "development ladder", and only studies children from the aspects of intelligence and purity.
Psychological analysis of children
First, there are serious symptoms of inferiority and autism.
In the process of growing up, special children will gradually realize that they are different from ordinary people and feel inferior very easily. They also avoid normal communication activities and are unwilling to communicate with others, especially blind and deaf children who have communication barriers. They always avoid getting along with others because of their communication defects. In the long run, it will be difficult for them to integrate into society and communicate with others, thus showing some symptoms of autism.
Second, ways of mental health education for special children
1. Strengthen the construction of special education teachers and the training of related professionals. In today's increasingly complex society, it is very important to strengthen the construction of special education teachers and the training of related professionals. The key point is to train teachers in mental health and education, improve teachers' professional knowledge level and special education teaching ability, create caring, patient and capable special education teachers, influence students with love, and guide students with a new teaching mode that is entertaining and practical.
2. Guide special children to enhance their self-regulation ability. Most of the psychological problems of special children are caused by their lack of cognitive ability and adjustment ability. Special educators should pay attention to guiding them to maintain good mental health and enhance their self-regulation ability. For example, how do special children face up to their own shortcomings? Some teachers in integrated schools encourage ordinary students not to laugh at and discriminate against special children, and not to call them deaf, blind and idiots. This is of course a way to protect special children, but it should also guide and encourage special children to correctly understand their own physical, psychological and intellectual defects. Only in this way can they bravely use assistive devices and cooperate with teachers. As Zhou Tingting said in How Deaf People Adapt to the Mainstream Society, "I have lived in the world of hearing people since I was a child. In the past 20 years, I have experienced a rather contradictory and painful psychological process from realizing that I am deaf, to forgetting that I am deaf, to facing that I am deaf, and finally to ignoring that I am deaf and facing that I am deaf. "
Treat special children with enough love and patience. (1) Soothes the broken hearts of special children with love. Caring for special children should always be reflected in teachers' words and deeds. Caring for and caring for students doesn't need much truth. Sometimes just a look, a smile and a gesture can express concern, affirmation and encouragement for special students, which greatly inspires students' hearts. In the actual process of special education, teachers should be clear about the personality and thoughts of each special child in the class, fully respect their individual differences and each child's own defects, be able to teach according to the different characteristics of students, comprehensively use various teaching methods, fully tap the strengths of each special student, and give them affirmation and encouragement without hesitation in any small progress, so that they can regain their self-confidence in repeated progress, enjoy the joy of success and stimulate their enterprising spirit. (2) Feel the sensitive hearts of special children with love. Due to the influence of various social and practical factors, most special children are sensitive, and any subtle changes in people, things and things may cause strong reactions in their hearts. Teachers engaged in special education need to be able to observe every inner change of special students at all times and feel their inner feelings with love. And use concrete examples and teaching examples in reality to help them establish correct values and outlook on life, encourage them to look at things with a positive attitude, and guide them to learn how to correctly judge and handle various events. (3) Use love to understand and influence the rebellious psychology of special children. Special children are prone to rebellious psychology because of their inferiority complex and inner sensitivity. Teachers should respect their self-esteem, often encourage and praise them, and let them enjoy a sense of accomplishment. We should also fully understand their physical or psychological facts, instead of blaming their own defects for hindering their study. For example, some hearing-impaired children mainly rely on senses such as vision, which puts great pressure on their eyes and other organs, and is prone to problems such as inattention, decreased understanding and memory ability, and may make slow progress in the learning process, but these problems are not their own fault. Only when teachers know and understand these things can they set learning contents for them, patiently educate and cultivate them, let them feel the warmth of being concerned and help them grow up healthily.
4. Improve the psychological quality of special students in teaching activities. Teachers should not only improve their own quality and pay attention to students' psychology, but also design entertaining teaching activities according to students' actual situation and psychological characteristics, create an activity platform for students to experience, cooperate and reflect, and integrate mental health education and survival ability education into scientific and cultural knowledge teaching. Encouraging students to feel and participate in teaching activities as intuitively as possible, and creating a relaxed, happy and positive learning environment for special children will help reduce their inferiority, weariness of learning and hostility, and cultivate their good psychological quality.
5. Pay attention to the combination of teaching theory and life practice. Special educators should understand that all special mental health education is to make special children better live and adapt to society, so they should pay attention to the connection between teaching theory and life practice, not only to set up various teaching activities to run through mental health education, but also to infiltrate mental health education into students' accommodation or family daily life, and strive to make mental health education closely related to the study and life of special students, because only in this way can special children apply the theoretical knowledge and skills of mental health education they have learned to real life and adjust themselves voluntarily.
Three. Concluding remarks
In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to special education by the state, society and people, which has greatly improved the quality of education and teaching facilities, but the mental health education of special children has not made great progress. When carrying out mental health education for special children, teachers should not only pay attention to the improvement and innovation of teaching modes and methods, but also give psychological care and understanding to special children with love and patience, create a relaxed, happy, caring and positive environment for their study and growth, and promote their physiological and psychological synchronous and healthy development.
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