"When the Candle Fires Martial Arts Retired from Qin Dynasty" is a short but rich ancient prose with rich knowledge, wonderful plot and vivid characters. Therefore, when designing the classroom, we should not only grasp the knowledge points in the text, but also use the power of candles to experience the art of argument. I mainly grasp the following three points:
1 is to get the background from the article and train students' ability to capture information.
2, is a bold choice, break the article, directly take out the most exciting part of the article to study, so that the focus.
3. By writing acceptance speeches, students can have a deeper grasp of the image of candles and accumulate writing materials from reading. The most important thing is to internalize it into your own composition material, so as to solve the problem that you don't know how to use the material after reading it.
Teaching objectives
1. Understand and master the meaning and usage of notional words and function words in classical Chinese.
2. Experience the art of lobbying by candlelight.
Teaching focus
Understand and master the meaning and usage of notional words and function words in classical Chinese.
Teaching difficulties
Experience the art of lobbying by candlelight.
Teaching time
1 class hour.
teaching process
First, the introduction of new courses.
The ancients once said that a three-inch golden tongue is better than a million-strong master. Will a person convince the enemy's million-strong master just because he is not rotten? Today, let's walk into "The Power of Candle Retreats Qin's Family". * * * Learn about a legend who defeated the enemy without fighting: the power of candles.
Second, the introduction of Zuo Zhuan
Third, the first reading perception.
1, new words:
(2) Fan Nan's lost fox (y) came out at night (zhuì) *** * It was exhausted (g?ng) and met its grandson (pá ng). 2. Let the famous students recite. Please listen to pronunciation, sentences and intonation.
3. Background perception:
Free reading, thinking about a problem in the process of reading. Which three countries are involved in this article? And find out the entanglements between the three countries and what the consequences are, and find out the basis from the original text.
(clear):
It involves Jin, Qin and Zheng.
Sketch of the Three Kingdoms: Zheng, Qin Jin
(Basis: You know it is difficult to cross the country. )
Between Jin and Zheng: When Qin Bo surrounded Zheng, he was rude to Jin and Chu.
On the occasion of the Jin and Qin Dynasties: Xu Jun was anxious and full of flaws, and made a version sooner or later.
Consequence: Ling, Pan Nan.
(Supplementary) Duzheng (637 BC).
This year, Zhong Er, the son of the Jin Dynasty, left Qi after living in Qi for five years. Cao and Song conquered the State of Zheng. Zheng's doctor advised to be polite, but said, "If the prince dies, it's all right!" He was rude to Zhong Er because he didn't listen to Uncle Zhan's advice. This is the situation of "being rude to Kim" in the article.
Zheng-Chu Alliance (632 BC)
In April of that year, Chu Jin competed for hegemony in the Central Plains. At that time, Zheng was in the land of four wars, and there was no danger to follow. He helped Chu with his back because he was rude to him. Therefore, Zheng Wengong went abroad to encourage the King of Chu to send troops to fight. Jin and Chu fought in Chengpu, and the Chu army was defeated. I respected Zhou very much and became one of the overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period.
When Chu was defeated, he was afraid and sent a doctor to Jin to plead guilty and make peace. In May, Jin Hou and Zheng Zaiheng Yong (now Yuanyang West, Henan Province). Zhou Tianzi ordered an alliance with the four governors (west of Hengyong), thinking that Zheng was the leader of the alliance, but the gap between Jin and Zheng was not eliminated. Zheng not only encouraged Chu to send troops to attack Jin, but also made an alliance with Jin, which is what the article said.
Fourth, text exploration.
1, study the wonderful part of persuading the king of Qin:
(1) (division of labor transition) Yes, the Jin army was stationed in the Han Mausoleum and Qin Jun was stationed in the south. At this critical moment, life is at stake. If you were a candle, what would you advise?
(Clear): Because the students have already understood the entanglements of the Three Kingdoms in their first reading perception, the students will directly tell the King of Qin that the State of Jin is treacherous to the State of Qin and instruct the students to put themselves in their shoes. If they were the king of Qin and wanted to unite with the king of Jin to destroy Zheng, Zheng sent messengers to say that Jin was wrong. So what would you think? It must be to sow discord, and more obviously to strengthen the alliance with the state of Jin directly, so it will only fail, not succeed.
(2) What did the candlelight troops do to win the trust of Qin? Please see the part of urging the king of Qin by candlelight. Give everyone five minutes to draw the important knowledge points in the text and draw the places that you don't understand.
(Problem solving): Students ask questions, and the teacher prompts words.
Qin Jin besieged Zheng, who already knew that he was going to perish. Destroying Zheng is good for you, but it is troublesome for your people. You know it's hard to cross the state of Jin and regard the distant state of Zheng as the eastern border of Qin. Why destroy the state of Zheng and increase the land adjacent to the state of Jin? The national strength of neighboring countries is strong, and your national strength is relatively weak. If you give up the plan to destroy Zheng, let Zheng be your master and envoy of Qin, and replenish what they lack at any time, it will do you no harm. Besides, you are kind to Kim, and he promised to give you Jiao and Xian. But, as you know, he crossed the river in the morning and returned to Jin, and built a city at night to refuse Qin. What is the satisfaction of Jin State? Now it regards Zheng as the eastern border and wants to expand the western border. If it doesn't invade Qin, where will it get the land it craves? The state of Qin was damaged and the state of Jin benefited. I hope you can consider this matter.
(3) Discussion:
Just now, I learned that Candlewick Wu also mentioned the Jin-Qin Festival, but did he put it forward directly? What else did the wick say before? What are the benefits?
(Clear): In this link, give full play to the students' dominant position and answer from Tan Xue's text, as long as it makes sense.
Specific analysis:
1 "Qin Jin surrounded Zheng and Zheng knew he was dead." First of all, I am very humble to say that Zheng already knows that he is going to perish. Let Qin Bo lower his guard and let Qin Bo have a sense of superiority, knowing that Zheng already knows that he is going to perish, and he is the master of Zheng.
(2) "if Zheng Wu is good for you, you dare to disturb the deacons. Yue is far away, and you know its difficulty. How to use the dead Zheng to accompany the neighbors? Neighbors are thick and gentlemen are thin. " By analyzing the geographical positions of Zheng, Qin and Jin, it is concluded that Qin helped Jin destroy Jin, but it didn't get any benefits, but only enhanced the national strength of the other side. Let Qin Bo clearly see his situation at the moment, and let Qin Bo re-examine the necessity of this war.
(3) "If she thinks that Zheng is the master, the exchange of luggage will be exhausted, and you will have no harm." The power of candles is tempting Qin Bo with benefits. If you let Zheng go, Zheng will also provide what your national envoy lacks. The subtext is that since destroying Zheng won't bring you benefits, but it's still helping you, it's more cost-effective to give up attacking Zheng
(4) "And your taste is given by Jin Jun; Xu Junjiao, who is anxious and flawed, will make a version sooner or later, as you know. " At this time, I pointed out that Qin's allies were not so loyal and trustworthy, and told Qin with facts that the Jin army had just received help in the morning and refused Qin in the evening. Let there be a gap between Qin Bo and Jin Jun.
(5) Fujin, why not? If you want to seal the east and seal the west, how can you get it if you don't lack Qin? Kan Qin benefits Jin, only you figure it out. "Further pointed out that the state of Jin was insatiable. Now the state of Jin is Zheng, and soon it will be Qin. Hearing this, Qin Bo was also in a cold sweat, and the consequences were really unimaginable, completely dispelling the idea of destroying Zheng.
(Summary): Take retreat as progress, without leaving Qin Bo on guard; Let the facts speak for themselves, and clearly point out that Qin has no interest relationship with the map of the Three Kingdoms; The immortal realm pointed out is also beneficial to Qin; It is also unreliable to point out the state of Jin at the right time; Further pointed out the ambition of the state of Jin, and let Qin Bo see that attacking Zheng was harmful to him.
(4) What is the final result of candlelight persuasion?
(clear):
"Qin Bo zheng said, and. It is still good to let scorpions, grandchildren and grandchildren guard it. "
Knowledge points: "Say" is nice, and "Nai" is talented.
Doctor Jin asked to send troops to attack Qin Jun, and the public said, "No way. Mrs. Wei can't do this. Because of human strength, it is ruthless; Lost, I don't know; Chaos can be easily rectified without force. I am still there. " The Jin army left the state of Zheng.
Knowledge point: micro: no wife: that person's reason: relying on us: damaging peace: making friends and going in person.
Its: Is it imperative or not?
Without that person's support, I wouldn't be where I am today. It is unjust to use other people's strength to hurt him; It is unwise to lose allies; It is not brave to replace unity with chaos. Let's go back!
2, the image analysis of candles:
Did Candle Wu come forward as soon as he heard that the country was in danger? Did the author criticize the power of candles? What is the image of candlelight?
(Qing): Ci said: "I am not as strong as a man; Now that I am old, there is nothing I can do. " Candlelight Wu did not directly accept Qin's task, but complained. Candlelight is not unpatriotic. Years have given candlelight too much loneliness and unwillingness. He is only slightly dissatisfied with his talent. The function is to enrich the characters' images and make them more full and true. In the face of the national crisis, Candlewick Wu understands the righteousness and is duty-bound. He has the patriotic spirit of regardless of personal gains and losses, thinking about Zheng's safety everywhere, and has the confidence and courage to go to the enemy camp without hesitation. From his confrontation with Qin Bo, we can see that he is calm, keen, supercilious, eloquent, intelligent and witty.
Verb (short for verb) homework
1. Summarize key knowledge and recite the full text according to the phenomenon of classical Chinese.
2, combined with the teacher's supplementary content about candles, combined with his spirit, write an award-winning speech for candles.
(supplement): the historical record of the power of candles;
There are some simple sentences in Historical Records: "Zheng makes people talk about admiring the public", "Qin makes people private" and "makes people talk". The words "person" and "envoy" make Candlewick Wu an unsung hero.
The history books of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty said that he was "white with hair and beard, stooped and hesitated", and even went to court, "smiling all around."
The lost fox commented on him: "The mouth hangs on the river and the tongue shakes the mountain." Judging from the later performance, this statement is correct.
(example):
The power of candlelight, white-haired, still cares about the world; He is not handsome, but he is smart. Be able to understand grievances and gain insight into people's hearts. Retreat for progress, step by step, determined to fight, and fight instantly. Little people, big heroes!
Write on the blackboard.
Quit Qin Shi by candlelight.
Zuo zhuan
Qin Jin Zheng
Show weakness, surrender, retreat for progress.
Disadvantages of destroying Zheng Li and Jin Xiao
Give up Zheng Liqin and seduce him with benefits.
Words without faith will create estrangement.
Qin Bo was awakened by Kim's discontent.