1、
Hypertrophic scar: it mostly occurs after deep burn wound healing, reticular hyperplastic scar around skin graft after third-degree burn wound, and scar at any incision suture.
Features: Early local swelling, hardening and hyperemia, its tissue structure is covered by a layer of atrophic epithelial cells, the middle layer is vasodilation and inflammatory cell infiltration, and the bottom layer is less collagen fibers and a lot of connective tissue hyperplasia. This kind of scar is higher than the skin surface, and it thickens and hardens locally in the early stage, and the capillaries are red or dark red with congestion. Generally, the base of scar is not attached to deep tissue, so it can be pushed and squeezed, and its contractility is small. Most of them will not cause serious dysfunction, but it will affect the beauty of face and exposed parts, so it often needs treatment.
2、
Depressed scar: When scar tissue causes body surface depression deformity, it is called depressed scar. Simple concave scars are only linear scars and depressions in their areas, while extensive concave scars can be combined with subcutaneous tissue, muscle or bone tissue defects. To correct this deformity, we should not only deal with the scar on the skin, but also adopt different methods to repair the defect and restore the normal appearance according to the degree of depression.
3、
Smooth scar: this refers to a kind of scar on the surface of skin, which is mostly caused by minor skin abrasion or superficial burn (superficial dermis). Its surface is rough or has pigment changes, and there is generally no dysfunction, but this scar greatly affects the visual beauty. Epidermal pigment cells should be transplanted for unsightly white spots.
The dull skin is polished to restore normal skin color and achieve visual beauty.
4、
Keloid: Keloid is essentially a fibroma on the skin. It is different from hypertrophic scar and should be distinguished. This kind of scar is characterized by red color, hard texture, protruding from the skin surface, and constantly growing and expanding around, sometimes fist-shaped or crab-footed, and sometimes connected into a strip. Local congestion, itching and pain are easy to break. In the later stage, the color becomes lighter and softer, the itching and pain are relieved, and the expansion stops. Keloid is common in the upper neck, ears, chest, shoulders and upper buttocks. Female sternum is the most common part, which is related to the weight pulling and breathing movement of both breasts. At present, the etiology of keloid is unknown, which may be related to the special qualities of human beings, that is, the so-called scar constitution. In addition, chronic infection and chemical stimulation are also pathogenic factors. In addition, it is also related to family inheritance.
According to the situation of each kind of scar, the treatment methods generally include injection scar removal, surgical resection and grinding.