Preface: Liu, the wife of a petty official in Lujiang Prefecture, was sent by Zhong Qing's mother and vowed not to marry. His family forced him to drown. When Zhong Qing heard about it, he hanged himself in the courtyard tree. When people hurt them, it is a poem.
Peacocks fly southeast and wander for five miles.
Thirteen can weave, fourteen can learn to tailor, fifteen can play the piano and sixteen can recite poems. Seventeen years old is the wife of a gentleman, and her heart is often bitter and sad. Since you are a government official, you are loyal to your chastity, and your concubine keeps an empty room. You often don't see each other often. Chickens crow into the weave and can't rest every night. It's too late to tame five horses in three days, my Lord. If you don't knit late, your wife will have a hard time! I can't bear to be driven away, but I can stay and do nothing, so that I can return empty-handed and be sent back in time.
When the officials heard this, they said to their mother in class, "My son is very poor. Fortunately, I got this woman back, and I became friends with her on the pillow mat. * * * It's been two or three years, and it hasn't been long since it started. There is no deviation in the behavior of women. What's the point? "
The grandmother said to the official, "He Nai is too small! This woman is rude and makes her own decisions. I have been angry for a long time, so you can't be free! The master has a virtuous daughter named Qin Luofu. She's pathetic. My mother wants to see you. Send it here quickly, and be careful not to stay! "
The prefect knelt down and said, "Fu Weiqi's mother, you gave this woman today, and you will never get her again!" "
Hearing this, the grandmother was furious with the mallet bed: "This boy is fearless and dares to help women! I have lost my gratitude and will not agree! "
The ministers were silent, then bowed back to the house and said they were the bride, choking: "I didn't drive your mother away, I just forced her to have a grandmother." Qing has temporarily returned to China, and I will report to the government today. When it is returned soon, it will be welcomed. Remember this and be careful not to go against my words. "
The bride telephoned a government official: "Don't repeat our differences. In the past, when Chu Yang was old, Xie Jia came to your door. Do you dare to teach yourself specially after serving the public? I work hard day and night, and I am lonely and bitter. It is said that it is innocent and has great support; It's even more urgent, so why talk about it! I have an embroidered waist, which makes me radiant.
Red Luo Fu fights the account, and the four corners hang sachets; Box curtains are sixty or seventy, with blue ropes. Things are different, and all kinds are inside. People are despicable and not enough to welcome future generations. They were left behind for no reason. Always for comfort, never forget! "
The cock crows outside, and the bride's makeup is neat. Embroider my skirt, everything is four or five. My feet are on tiptoe and my head is shining. If the waist is flowing, you will smell the bright moon. Refers to the root of onion, with dani in its mouth. Chinese odyssey with thin steps. Worship my mother in class. She is angry.
A Nv replied tearfully, "When Lanzhi first came, officials met Ding Ning and vowed to leave. Today, this is an invasion of love, and I'm afraid it's not surprising. I can break the letter, which is more important. "
Lonely people will settle down after the dying dusk. "My life is unique today, and my soul will go to the corpse and stay forever!" Take off your silk shoes and lift yourself to the pool.
When officials heard about it, they knew they would be separated. Wandering under the courtyard tree, hanging from the southeast branch.
The two families asked to be buried together, next to Huashan Mountain. Pine and cypress are planted in the east and west, and phoenix trees are planted in the left and right. Branches cover each other and leaves communicate with each other. There are two birds in the forest, calling themselves Yuanyang. Raise your head and sing to each other, reaching the fifth watch every night. Pedestrians stop to listen, widows hesitate. Thank you, future generations, and don't forget to be careful.
Vernacular translation
During the Jian 'an period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu, the wife of a small official in Lujiang Prefecture, was driven back to her family by Zhong Qing's mother and vowed not to remarry. But her parents kept forcing her to remarry, so she had to drown herself. After hearing the news of his wife's death, Jiao Zhongqing also hanged himself from a tree in his yard. People at that time mourned them and wrote such a poem.
Peacock bird flew to the southeast, flew five miles, and lingered for a while.
"(I) can weave exquisite white silk from the age of thirteen to sixteen, learn to cut clothes, play the piano and read poetry books. Being your wife at the age of seventeen often makes me feel painful and sad. Since you are a small official in the prefect's office, you should abide by the rules of the office and concentrate on your work. I stayed alone in an empty room, and the day when we met was really hard.
As soon as the rooster crows, I weave silk on the computer and have no rest every night. I have knitted five silks in three days, but my mother-in-law still thinks I am slow in knitting. Not because I knit slowly, but because your daughter-in-law is difficult to do! Since I can't handle it, it's no use keeping it for nothing. You can tell your mother-in-law to send me back to my mother's house now, or it will be too late. "
After hearing this story, Jiao Zhongqing told his mother in class: "I have lost the image of being a high official and generous. Fortunately, I can still marry this (virtuous and capable) wife. After marriage, I will fall in love with her and stay underground as partners after death.
We have been together for less than two or three years, and (life) has just begun. It won't be long. There is nothing wrong with this woman's behavior. Where did she expect that she would be dissatisfied with her mother? "
Jiao Mu said to Zhong Qing, "(You) are really ignorant! This woman doesn't pay attention to manners and acts according to her own wishes. I've been holding it for a long time. How can you act independently? There is a virtuous woman in the neighbor's house, whose name is Rove. She is so lovely that her mother will propose for you. Get rid of Liu Lanzhi and send her away. Never keep (Lan Zhi). "
Jiao Zhongqing knelt down and told her: "My child respectfully told her mother that if I divorce this woman now, I will never marry another wife in my life!"
After listening to her son's words, Jiao Mu knocked on the seat (with her fist) and lost her temper (cursing): "What are you afraid of, how dare you speak for your daughter-in-law! I am not good to her, and of course I can't promise you. "
Jiao Zhongqing was silent, made two obeisances to his mother, went back to his room, opened his mouth and talked to his wife, but he cried so hard that he couldn't even say a word: "I didn't want to drive you away, but my mother forced me.
You have to go back to your parents' house for the time being. I'm going back to the Taishoufu for the time being, and I'll be back soon. You are welcome to my home when you come back. For this, you should be wronged and never go against what I said. "
Liu Lanzhi said to Jiao Zhongqing, "Don't waste your breath! I remember that at the end of that winter, when I left my mother's house to marry you, I always obeyed my mother-in-law's will when I was serving. How dare I make my own decision? Hard work day and night, lonely torture, always thought there was no fault, and served my mother-in-law all my life.
After all, I was driven away. How can I get back to your house? I have an embroidered waist-length coat embroidered with beautiful glitter, a double bucket made of red yarn, sachets hanging at four corners, and sixty or seventy boxes of clothes, all tied with bright green silk ropes.
Everything is different. All kinds of utensils are in that box. I'm cheap and worthless, and I don't deserve to take it to see your future remarried wife. Take it as my souvenir, I will never see you again. Always comfort these things and (I hope) never forget me. "
The rooster crowed and it was already dawn outside. Liu Lanzhi got up and dressed. Put on an embroidered skirt and change it several times every time.
Wearing silk shoes at the foot, wearing shiny tortoise shell jewelry on the head, wearing white silk around the waist, shining like water waves, wearing earrings made of bright moon beads on the ears, slender fingers as white as sharpened onion roots, and rosy lips as red cinnabar. It is really the second in the world.
Liu Lanzhi went to see her mother-in-law in the hall, but her mother-in-law's anger still lingered. (Lan Zhi said:) "When I was a daughter, I grew up in the country after I was born. I have never received a good education, and I am even more ashamed to marry your young master. I accept a lot of money and gifts from my mother-in-law, but I can't stand her orders.
Today, I will go back to my mother's house, just thinking of my mother-in-law's hard work at home. "Go back and say goodbye to my sister-in-law, tears fall like strings of beads. (Liu Lanzhi says to her sister-in-law:) "When I first arrived at your house, you just learned to walk with your seat. Today, I was kicked out. You are as tall as me.
I hope you will support your mother hard, treat her well, and don't forget me when you play. "(Lan Zhi said) go out, get on the bus and leave, tears kept falling.
Jiao Zhongqing's horse walked ahead, followed by Liu Lanzhi's garage, and the car made a faint sound. They met at the crossroads. Jiao Zhongqing got off the horse and got into Liu Lanzhi's car. They bowed their heads and whispered to each other.
(Jiao Zhongqing said): "I swear I won't break up with you. You should go back to your mother's house for a while. I'm going to Lujiang Taishoufu (on business) for the time being, and I'm sure I'll be back soon. I swear to God, I will never be sorry for you. "
Liu Lanzhi said to Jiao Zhongqing, "Thank you for your loyal and loving wish! Since you remember me like this, I hope you can pick me up early. You must be a rock, and I must be cattail and reed. Pucao and reed are soft and strong as silk, and rocks are not easily moved.
I have a grumpy brother. I'm afraid he won't listen to my wishes, and I'm worried about violating my use. "Then raise your hand to say goodbye, melancholy, two people's feelings.
Lan Zhi walked into the room and came to the hall, feeling humiliated back and forth. Mother Liu was very surprised (when she saw her coming back). She clapped her hands and said, "I didn't expect you to come back by yourself! I taught you to spin at the age of thirteen, cut clothes at the age of fourteen, play the piano at the age of fifteen, be polite at the age of sixteen, and send you to get married at the age of seventeen. I always thought I wouldn't make any mistakes.
What is the matter with you now? You came back without being called! "Lan Zhi said to his mother in shame," my daughter is really not wrong. Mother was very sad after hearing this. (Lan Zhi) Just returned to China for more than ten days, the county magistrate sent a matchmaker to the door. (Matchmaker) It is said that the county magistrate's family has a third son, chinese odyssey, who is beautiful and elegant, and is only eighteen or nineteen years old. He has a glib tongue and is very capable.
Mother Liu said to her daughter, "You can promise him."
The daughter replied tearfully, "When Lan Zhi came back, Jiao Zhongqing repeatedly told me to swear never to part. Today is against friendship. I'm afraid this is not appropriate. Then you can refuse the matchmaker and talk about it later. "
Mother Liu told the matchmaker: "(We) are poor and humble. We took this daughter and were sent back to our parents' house soon after we got married. If (she) can't be the wife of a government official, how can she be worthy of the son of grandpa? I hope you can ask around (and then visit other women), but I can't just promise you. A few days after the county magistrate's matchmaker left, the prefect sent an army to propose marriage.
It is said that the Taishou family has a fifth son, beautiful and elegant, and is not married. He asked Cheng Jun to be a matchmaker. This is what the main book conveys. Directly said to Liu's mother, "We are too strong to have such a good son. Since you want to marry your family, send me to your family as a matchmaker.
Mother Liu declined the matchmaker and said, "My daughter swore an oath before. How dare I say (to her) about remarriage? "
When Lan Zhi's brother heard that the Taishou's proposal was rejected, he was very depressed and said to his sister, "Why don't you think about it? Last time I got married, I was a small official, and this time I got a precious son. Luck is a world of difference. (Good luck) is enough to make your life glorious and rich. What are you going to do in the future if you don't marry such a kind son? "
Lan Zhi looked up and replied, "The fact is really like what my brother said. I left home to wait on my husband and went back to my brother's house halfway. How to deal with it? It's completely according to my brother's idea. How dare you make your own decisions? Although I swore to the official, I never got a chance to see him. Promise this marriage right away and you can get married. "
The satrap's matchmaker stood up from his seat and repeatedly said, "Yes, yes, that's it, that's it." He returned to the county government and reported to the magistrate: "I accepted the task you gave me and went to Liu's house as a matchmaker." The son is very predestined and the matchmaker is very successful. " The satrap was very happy to hear these words. He looked at the wedding calendar and book.
He told Cheng Jun: "It is lucky to set the wedding date within this month. Every day of the month is suitable. The good day is the 30th. Today is the 27th. Please go to the Liu family to set a wedding date. " Everyone in the Taishou House said to each other, "Hurry up and prepare for the wedding!" People who are eager to get married come and go like floating clouds in the sky.
The wedding boat is painted with patterns of bluebirds and white swans, and flags embroidered with dragons are hung at the four corners, floating gently in the wind. A golden cart with white jade wheels, a green horse walking slowly, and a saddle with colorful tassels and gold ornaments carved on it.
Gift 3 million, all wearing blue silk thread, 300 pieces of silks and satins of various colors, delicacies purchased from Guangzhou and Jiaozhou. Followed by four or five hundred people, happily came to Lujiang county government.
The mother said to her daughter, "I have just received a letter from the prefect and will meet you tomorrow." Why not make clothes? " Don't let the marriage fail! "
Lan Zhi was silent, covered her mouth with a towel and cried, tears streaming down like water. Move the sitting glass sofa out and put it under the front window. With scissors and ruler in his left hand and silk in his right hand (making clothes by hand). I made an embroidered skirt in the morning and a sweater in the evening. The gloomy sky gradually darkened. Lan Zhi was full of thoughts and went out to cry bitterly.
Jiao Zhongqing heard about this change, so he came back temporarily on leave. He went to Lan Zhi's home, two or three miles away. People are sad and horses neigh. Lan Zhi, familiar with the pounding of horses' hooves of officials, ran briskly to meet him, looking sad and disappointed, knowing that someone was coming. She raised her hand and stroked the saddle, and her heart was broken with a sigh.
Said: "since you left me, the personnel changes are really unexpected!" " Sure enough, it's not as good as I thought before, and there are still many things you don't understand. I had my own mother who persecuted my own brother, but I was betrothed to someone else. What are your chances of coming back? "
Jiao Zhongqing said to Lan Zhi, "Congratulations on your promotion! My rock is square and firm, which can be stored for thousands of years, while Puwei is flexible for a while and can only be stored in the morning and evening. You will get richer and richer day by day. Let me go to hell alone! "
Lan Zhi said to Jiao Zhongqing, "I didn't expect you to say such a thing! We are all persecuted, so are you and me. Let's meet underground! (Hope) Don't break today's oath! " (They) shook hands with each other tightly, then said goodbye and went home.
When the living bid farewell to the dead, where can the resentment in their hearts be exhausted? Thinking that (they) will leave this world forever, they can't save (lives) anyway!
When Jiao Zhongqing came home, he went to the hall to meet his mother and said, "It's windy and cold today. The cold wind destroyed trees and the orchids in the yard were covered with thick frost.
My son is like a sunset now, which makes my mother lonely in the future. I made such a bad plan on purpose. Stop hating ghosts and gods! May your life be as long as the stone in Nanshan, and may your body be healthy and comfortable forever! "
Jiao Mu heard these words, and her tears flowed down with her voice. She said, "You are the son of a famous family, and you are an official in Beijing. Don't try to die for a woman. Dignity is different (from yours). Where can I be fickle? " There is a wise woman in the East, whose beauty is famous both inside and outside the city. I propose for you, and sooner or later there will be an answer. "
Jiao Zhongqing bowed to his mother twice and then went back to his room. He sighed in his empty room, and his plan to commit suicide was decided. He turned his head to Lan Zhi's inner room, more and more tortured by sadness.
(Lan Zhi) On the wedding day, when the horses and cattle were barking, Liu Lanzhi walked into the green tent of the wedding. After the dark dusk, people began to have a quiet rest. (Lan Zhi said to himself): "Today my life is over and my soul is leaving. Let this body stay on the earth for a long time! " ! Roll up your skirt, take off your silk shoes and jump into the clear pool.
When Jiao Zhongqing heard that Liu Lanzhi committed suicide by drowning, he knew in his heart that he had left Liu Lanzhi forever. He lingered under a tree in the yard for a while, and then hanged himself on a branch in the southeast. Jiao and Liu asked to be buried together, so they were buried together next to Huashan Mountain.
Plant conifers and cypresses on the east and west sides, and plant phoenix trees on the left and right sides. Branches cover each other and leaves connect with each other. There are a pair of birds in the tree. Their names are Yuanyang. They looked up at each other and called to each other until the fifth watch every night.
Pedestrians stopped to listen, and the widow heard. She got out of bed and was very upset. Advise future generations to learn from this and never forget it!
Extended data:
Creative background:
First, the writing age.
The writing age of Peacock Flying Southeast has always been controversial. Judging from the "preface" of this poem, it should be a work in the Jian 'an period at the end of Han Dynasty, so it belongs to the category of "Han Yuefu".
Liu Kezhuang's Post-Shi Cun Dialect says: "The poem" Jiao Zhongqing's Wife "was written by people in the Six Dynasties. Mulan Poetry was also written in the Tang Dynasty. " Yuefu is just a narrative style, with a beginning and an end. Although the words are rich in vulgarity, they have ancient meanings. "Liu Kezhuang pointed out that this poem was written by people in the Six Dynasties, but he didn't give any reason, so Liu said it had little influence.
1924 In order to welcome Tagore, an Indian poet, to give a speech in Beijing, Liang Qichao mentioned the writing age of Peacock Flying Southeast. He said: "Works like Peacock Flying Southeast and Mulan Poem all started in the Six Dynasties, but they didn't exist before. Peacock Flying Southeast has always been regarded as a poem by China, but I doubt that it belongs to the Six Dynasties, so I have no textual research. )
Ode to the Buddha's Shore has now been translated into four books, which turned out to be just a poem. ..... People in the Six Dynasties read less than anyone else. Of course, our poet has injected a lot of that kind of passionate emotion and rich imagination into his heart. I'm afraid it will indirectly affect the long narrative lyric of Peacock Flying Southeast. "(See the lecture of" The Kinship between Indian Culture and China Culture "in Beijing Morning Post), which is quite influential in the literary world.
Liang Qichao said that No Textual Research was not published later, but he denied his point of view. He said: "Liu Kezhuang's Post-Shi Cun Dialect suspects that this poem was not written by Han people. He said that Han people didn't have such a long narrative poem, which should have been written by people in the Six Dynasties. I used to think it was novel, and I agree with it. But after careful study, people in the Six Dynasties would not have such a simple pen and ink.
The original preface said that Jiao Zhongqing was born in Jian 'an. If this poem was written at the end of Jian 'an, it would be closely linked with Huang Chu of Wei. At that time, such as Cai Yan's sorrowful poems and Cao Zhi's White Horse Wang Biao were very long. However, Peacock Flying Southeast may have been written in that era, so we'd better not turn over the old case. (See "The Beauty and History of China")
Later, many people still advocated that Peacock Flying Southeast was written in the Six Dynasties. The reasons for all kinds of textual research can be summarized as follows:
1. According to "Miscellaneous Notes of Youyang" and "Biography of the Northern History", it is the custom of the Northern Dynasties to "Lu Qing" when the bride enters.
2. According to Song Shu Zang Zhi Zhuan and Yuefu Poetry Collection, it is proved that the "four-cornered dragon flag" in the poem was the fashion in the Southern Dynasties.
3. There is a sentence in the poem that "the two families are buried together and buried next to Huashan Mountain". I believe Lujiang people will never be buried in Huashan, Shaanxi. Huashan Mountain is just a metaphor here, which is the story when Huashan Lun Jian copied Song Shaodi. According to these reasons, it is believed that the customs, fashions and deeds of the Six Dynasties could not appear in Han Fu, and these evidences in Peacock Flying Southeast reveal the time when it appeared.
However, these arguments are still far-fetched and not enough to constitute a complete reason. Because Duan's "Youyang Miscellaneous Rites" records that "the wedding of the Northern Dynasties took the green curtain as the house, and the inner and outer doors were called' Lu Qing', where the wife was honored." But this passage can only prove that there was such a wedding in the northern dynasties, and it cannot prove that there was no such wedding in the previous northern dynasties.
"Lu Qing" existed in the Han Dynasty, and the name "Lu Qing" appeared in Shi Shuo Xin Yu when Cao Cao's story was recorded, which also shows that "Lu Qing" was used in the late Han Dynasty, but not in the Northern Dynasties.
Although there is a record of "Longzipan" in Song Shu Zang Zhi Zhuan, Yuefu Poetry Collection and Gu Jin Yue Lu, Zan was very popular at the end of Han Dynasty, and it was this kind of four-corner flag that was used to convey a metaphor and express an official title.
Longzan was once seen in the History of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Zhi. Therefore, it is natural that the four-cornered dragon flag appears in Peacock Flying Southeast, which cannot be said to be a unique fashion in the Southern Dynasties. The double suicide plots in Peacock Flying Southeast and Huashan Ji are of the same type and are typical in folklore.
The story of Peacock Flying Southeast takes place in Lujiang and the story of Huashan takes place in Zhenjiang today. There are many hills with the same name all over China. "Peacock flies southeast" is not necessarily the place name of Huashan Ji. Metaphorically, it's not exact.
Peking University's "References to the History of Literature in the Han Dynasty" points out: "There have always been many opinions about the writing age of this poem, or it was written by people at the end of the Han Dynasty. Today, according to the original order, this poem is basically at the end of the Han Dynasty;
However, folk Yuefu is a collective creation, which will always be enriched and modified in circulation, and naturally it is possible to add embellishment at any time. Therefore, it is inevitable that there are descriptions of customs and habits after the Han Dynasty in the poem, and it is not allowed to be arbitrarily written in the Six Dynasties. When the New Yutai Fu was included, it showed that the last writing time of this poem must be before Xu Ling. "
The above is a debate about the writing age of this poem, but it is usually regarded as the work of the late Han Dynasty according to the preface contained in "A New Ode to Yutai". ?
Second, the social environment
The story happened in "Jian 'an at the end of Han Dynasty". At that time, the background was that during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "a hundred schools of thought were ousted and Confucianism was the only one", and a set of Confucian ethics gradually occupied a dominant position and developed to a quite complete and strict degree.
In terms of the marriage system, there are rules and regulations such as "seven out" and "parents are the whole world". "All parents in the world" is the main cause of Liu Jiao's tragedy. In the atmosphere of this era, under the arrogance of Jiao Mu, Jiao Zhongqing dared to stand on the side of Liu Lanzhi, showing a firm attitude of "sleeping with Lan Zhi and being friends with him", which is commendable.