1. Good health, emotional stability and happy collective life; 2. Good living habits and basic self-care ability; 3. Understand the necessary safety and health knowledge and learn to protect yourself; 4. I like to participate in sports activities, and my movements are coordinated and flexible.
The above goals can be regarded as the general goal of infant health education in China at present, showing such a value orientation: First, physical and mental harmony. Children's health should include two main aspects: physical health and mental health. Children's physical health is characterized by sound development and basic self-care ability. Children's mental health is characterized by happiness and adaptation to collective life. Because children's physical health is inseparable from children's mental health, some goals, such as "good living hygiene habits", include not only sanitary habits with physiological significance such as washing and excreting in daily life, but also problem behaviors without psychological significance such as sucking fingers. Only the harmonious development of body and mind can truly ensure physical health and mental health. Second, pay equal attention to protection and exercise, not only attach importance to mastering the necessary health care knowledge to improve self-protection ability, but also emphasize the improvement of physical fitness through physical activities. Among them, knowledge and skills related to safety issues, cultivating interest in sports activities, and enhancing the coordination and flexibility of actions are the key points of kindergarten health education. We believe that the daily standards in the field of health in the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) actually imply the idea of kindergarten health education including kindergarten physical education, which is different from many related education or physical education monographs and is not exactly the same as the definition of related disciplines in current basic education. However, no matter how the academic circles view the relationship between health education and physical education, preschool teachers should follow the basic spirit of the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) and protect it. Third, pay attention to the formation of healthy behavior. The establishment, change and consolidation of children's healthy behavior is the focus of research. Although raising children's health awareness, improving children's health attitude and cultivating children's health behaviors are the goals of children's health education, the formation of children's health behaviors is the core goal of children's health education.
In view of the obvious differences between the characteristics and laws of kindergarten physical education and other contents of kindergarten health education (such as lifestyle education, diet and nutrition education, safety education, etc.). ), this book will devote a chapter to the goal, content and implementation of kindergarten physical education, and will no longer include kindergarten physical education when discussing the corresponding content of kindergarten health education.
Second, the hierarchical structure of kindergarten health education goals. The goals of kindergarten health education generally include: general goals, age stage goals and activity goals. Sometimes, the content block target is divided from the perspective of domain content.
(-) the general goal of kindergarten health education The general goal of kindergarten health education plays a normative role in children's physical and mental health care, and is also the basis for determining the corresponding age stage goals and specific activity goals. The overall goal of kindergarten health education (excluding physical education) is specifically expressed as follows:
1. Good health, emotional stability and happy collective life; 2. Good living habits and basic self-care ability; 3. Understand the necessary safety and health knowledge and learn to protect yourself.
(2) Age stage goal of kindergarten health education The age stage goal of kindergarten health education is an educational goal based on the physical and mental development characteristics of children aged 3-6, which puts forward different levels of requirements for children aged 3-6, which is also a general requirement for children of the same age, and points out the direction for the formulation of specific activity goals. The age stage goal (sports goal) of kindergarten health education is specifically expressed as follows:
Small class:
1. Understand the order of washing hands and master the basic methods of washing hands and brushing teeth; Learn to put on and take off your clothes; You can use a handkerchief or paper towel; Develop the correct posture of sitting, standing, walking and sleeping; Can defecate in time; Have good habits of work and rest.
2. Maintain a happy mood when taking the oath and be willing to take the oath independently; Know the most common food, love to eat all kinds of food, take the initiative to drink water.
3. Understand the physiological structure of the body and learn to protect the five senses; Can actively cooperate with disease prevention and treatment.
4. Know to pay attention to safety when crossing the road, taking transportation and playing large-scale sports equipment, and understand the common sense of safety in daily life.
5. Know your gender.
Middle shift:
1. Learn to put on and take off your clothes and sort out your clothes initially; Learning to organize toys can keep them clean; Have a preliminary ability to take care of themselves.
2. Combined with tasting experience, we can learn more about various common foods. While loving to eat all kinds of food, we should know how to eat scientifically and reasonably, and gradually form good eating habits.
3. Further understand the main organs of the body, and gradually form a positive attitude and behavior to accept disease prevention and treatment; Learn the simplest way to deal with common trauma with the help of adults, and know that happiness is good for health.
4. Know the relevant safety signs and be able to obey the traffic rules under the reminder of adults; Do not touch dangerous goods; You can tell adults when you are in danger, and you have a preliminary sense of self-protection. I would like to sleep in separate beds with my parents.
Category:
1. Maintain personal hygiene and care about the sanitation of the surrounding environment; Further improve the ability of independent living and initially develop good study habits.
2. Preliminary understanding that different foods have different nutrients, and the human body needs various nutrients; Can use chopsticks; Further develop the habit of eating independently.
3. Further understand the main organs and important functions of the body and know simple protection methods; Understand the knowledge of caries prevention and tooth replacement; Pay attention to eye hygiene.
4. A preliminary understanding of the common sense of handling accidents (such as fire, lightning, earthquake, typhoon, etc.). ) and shallow survival skills.