Mental health means that all aspects and activities of psychology are in a good or normal state. The ideal state of mental health is to maintain a state of complete personality, normal intelligence, correct cognition, appropriate mood, reasonable will, positive attitude, appropriate behavior and good adaptation. The following is the health psychology I compiled for you. Welcome to share.
Health is everyone's concern and yearning. As the saying goes, health is the first wealth in life. Although having health does not mean having everything, without health, there is nothing. And health is not just the absence of disease and weakness, but a good state of physical, psychological and social adaptation. The research on disease prevention and health maintenance shows the importance of psychological factors in health. With a healthy mind, there will be a healthy body.
The first psychologists who paid attention to health problems were William James and Stanley Hall in the United States, but the paper published by William Schofield in the late 1960s was directly related to health psychology, and he advocated that the research of health psychology should go beyond the traditional mental health. At the end of 1970s, health psychology was formally established as the 38th branch of American Psychological Association. Since then, health psychology has developed rapidly and attracted the attention and attention of psychologists all over the world.
Health psychology studies human diseases and health problems from the perspective of psychology. The emergence and development of health psychology has its profound social background. In the past two decades, with the rapid development of science and technology, the effective improvement of economic situation and the general improvement of living standards, people have paid more and more attention to health, devoted themselves to maintaining health and constantly updated their health concepts. The upsurge of running, the popularity of green food and the rise of health industry all reflect this trend. It can be said that health has become an important value of modern society. At the same time, the investigation and analysis of the causes of death in recent years show that the number of deaths from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer and other diseases closely related to lifestyle and psychological factors greatly exceeds that from infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. Lifestyle, personality factors, behavioral characteristics, social pressure and other pathogenic factors are the research fields of psychologists. Health psychologists are committed to exploring the influence of psychological factors on people's illness process, post-illness reaction style and health maintenance, and advocate following the principle that prevention is more important than treatment to guide people to arrange their own lives, so as to maintain physical and mental harmony and health. As a new branch of psychology, health psychology aims to help people adapt to life, prevent and reduce diseases, improve the curative effect of rehabilitation after illness, and establish a reasonable social health security system to achieve the ideal goal of health. As far as the specific research field of health psychology is concerned, it mainly includes four aspects.
Promote and maintain health. Including looking for psychological methods to keep healthy, advocating and encouraging beneficial health behaviors and developing good hygiene habits.
2. Prevention and treatment of diseases. Including reducing the risk of illness, exploring the cause of death, changing unhealthy lifestyle, persuading to quit smoking and drinking and losing weight, and using psychological methods such as hypnosis, relaxation and biofeedback in the process of disease treatment.
3. Explore the psychological factors of diseases. Including emotions, personality, personal behavior habits, life pressure and other effects on the disease. For example, many studies have shown that people with sexual characteristics A will increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
4. Psychological research on establishing health service system and formulating health policy. Including poverty, affluence, environmental pollution, aging population and other changes in social conditions on health, public health education, health industry development, medical insurance system, health management institutions training and other aspects.
It can be seen that health psychology not only focuses on exploring the psychological causes of diseases and developing psychological methods of treatment from the individual perspective, but also includes the whole social system related to health, such as people's lifestyle and values, social, political, economic and cultural environment, and relevant government policies. Therefore, health psychology is not only closely related to clinical psychology, psychosomatic medicine, medical sociology and other adjacent disciplines, but also involves ethics, nutrition, behavioral science, physical education, education, economics and other fields, with obvious comprehensive characteristics.
Although the research of health psychology has been carried out in various branches of psychology as early as ten years ago, as an independent discipline, health psychology has only a short history of more than ten years. The American Society of Health Psychology was founded in 1978, and the Japanese Society of Health Psychology was founded in 1988. As an independent discipline, health psychology has not been formed in China. However, ancient thinkers discussed health psychology in a variety of ways. With a long history and tradition, the task of researching and excavating China's health concept and regimen has been placed in front of psychologists. We have reason to believe that the moderns of health psychology with China characteristics is coming soon.
Extension: papers on health psychology
abstract:
With the progress of society, health psychology came into being. Mastering the necessary knowledge of health psychology is not only an inevitable requirement for people in today's times, but also an important guarantee for people to maintain their physical and mental health, and even an important factor affecting the success or failure of their careers.
Key words:
Psychological influence of mental health
With the increasing pressure, people find that the spectrum of human diseases is developing from infectious diseases to chronic diseases, and the corresponding medical model is also changing from the original pure biological model to the biological-psychological-social model. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for health are also constantly improving. Therefore, a new discipline-health psychology came into being. Psychological researchers believe that health psychology is a comprehensive discipline, which mainly provides services for people to maintain a healthy body and mind. With the progress of society and the development of the times, healthy psychology will play an increasingly important role in people's daily life and work. Although psychologists have two views on the future development trend of psychology, one is optimistic that psychology will be concerned by thousands of people and even worshipped by religion in Qian Qian; The other is the pessimistic view that "the past of psychology is very long, the history is very short, and the future is blank", which holds that psychology can hardly become a real science even after 10 years. However, it cannot be ignored that modern people must master some necessary knowledge of health psychology in order to improve their quality of life. It can be said that mastering the necessary knowledge of health psychology is not only an inevitable requirement for people in today's era, but also an important guarantee for people to maintain their physical and mental health, and even an important factor affecting the success or failure of their careers.
1. Mastering the necessary knowledge of health psychology is an inevitable requirement of today's times.
There was once a profound psychological story about a boyfriend and girlfriend dating and her boyfriend was late. When the girlfriend asked her why she was late, the boyfriend replied that she had gone to consult a psychological counselor. What if this happened in two different countries, China and the United States? If you are in China, your girlfriend may immediately wave her sleeves and think that there is something wrong with her friend; If you are in the United States, your girlfriend will be overjoyed to hear this, because your boyfriend can see a psychiatrist, which not only shows that he attaches great importance to his mental health, but also is a symbol of identity and status.
Although this is a fabricated story, it profoundly reflects two completely different psychological attitudes between China and the United States. In China, especially in the early 1990s, people didn't know how to use psychological knowledge to maintain their mental health. What's more, they held a wrong prejudice against psychology. People in China are often used to associating "psychological disorder" with "neuropathy". There once happened a true story: when the psychological counseling center of a university was just established, it was located in the graduate building because the graduate building of the university was quiet and concealed, which was more suitable for psychological counseling. Unexpectedly, the graduate students in the graduate building reflected their opinions to the school leaders and strongly demanded to remove the brand of "Psychological Counseling Center". The reason is that the sign of "Psychological Counseling Center" is hung in front of the graduate building, and others think that there is something wrong with the graduate students' psychology! From this story, we can easily see that even graduate students with higher knowledge level view psychology in this way, let alone ordinary people.
Of course, this is only the junior middle school students' understanding of health psychology in the 1990s. In recent ten years, with the popularization of psychological knowledge, people's recognition of psychology is also increasing. My understanding of my body has also made great progress, and I realize that health is not only pure physical health, but also mental health at least. True health should be the harmonious unity of physiology, psychology and social adaptation. At the same time, the high development of modern civilization will inevitably lead to the lack of human spirit and indifference to human feelings; Resulting in high psychological morbidity; Lead to the imbalance between material life and spiritual life; Lead to the imbalance between man and nature, and the imbalance between man's body and mind; Leading to the emergence of the so-called "disease of modern civilization." In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to involve the knowledge of health psychology. Therefore, mastering the necessary knowledge of health psychology is an inevitable requirement of today's times.
2. Mastering the necessary knowledge of health psychology is an important guarantee to maintain physical and mental health.
The increasingly fierce social competition and fast-paced modern life have made people's psychology suffer an unprecedented impact. As a mental health educator in colleges and universities, the author has heard and witnessed many college students' psychological problems affecting the normal completion of their studies. For example, after college students were admitted to the university with excellent results, they didn't study hard at ordinary times because they were not interested in their majors, so they had to cheat in the final exam of the first semester of their freshman year, only to be found by the teacher on the spot and punished by the school. If he has a little knowledge of health psychology and can adjust his mentality in time, maybe this punishment will not have adverse consequences for him. But unfortunately, he chose to give up on himself. As a result, his academic performance is getting worse and worse. At the same time, he has serious psychological obstacles such as auditory hallucinations and hallucinations, so he can't continue his studies and has to drop out of school automatically. Another example is Xiao B, a college student, who works as a study minister in the student union and has average academic performance.
By chance, he met Xiao C, a female college student, and fell in love at first sight, but his confession was rejected by the other party. Shortly after being rejected, when he went to check the attendance rate of students in our college, a teacher actually said in front of him, "You should be a study minister with such poor grades!" " "Feeling frustrated after being rejected and despised by others, he suddenly lost confidence in life. As a result, he jumped from the window of the dormitory that day ... Among ordinary people, many people suffer from mental illness or commit suicide because of career failure, frustration of love, treachery of friends and unsatisfactory life. All these show that modern people are facing increasing pressure in life. If they don't learn to use psychological knowledge to adjust their psychology, they are likely to suffer from mental illness and affect their physical and mental health. At present, there is a popular saying that there is no obvious disease symptoms but you feel unwell (such as tension, fatigue, stomach pain, headache, etc.). ) is called "sub-health state". According to a statistical data, under the pressure of modern life, the proportion of people in a "sub-health state" is increasing. Therefore, mastering the necessary knowledge of health psychology is an important guarantee for modern people to maintain their physical and mental health.
3. Mastering the necessary knowledge of health psychology is still an important factor affecting the success or failure of a career.
For a long time, people have always thought that high IQ equals high achievement, so they attach great importance to children's intellectual development. But this theory of intelligence can't explain some common phenomena in life: why do some people get nothing after entering society? Why do we have a good impression on some people as soon as we meet, but we have an aversion to some people as soon as we meet? Why do some people feel depressed and uncharacteristically in the face of the same difficulties and setbacks, while others can remain relaxed and happy as always? American psychologists have found that among the influencing factors of life achievement, intelligence only accounts for 20%, while 80% is influenced by other factors, which mainly refer to non-intellectual psychological factors such as individual's emotional adjustment ability, self-confidence and willpower.
It is worth noting that some non-intellectual personal psychological factors such as "self-confidence", "optimism" and "interpersonal skills" have attracted much attention in American business circles. Emotional quotient (EQ) is a popular new concept in American psychology, and it is also being introduced into people's daily life in China. American psychologist Goldman believes that emotional intelligence is mainly composed of self-knowledge, self-control, self-drive, and the ability to recognize, empathize and moderately respond to other people's emotions. For example, a research report of the American Creative Leadership Research Center pointed out that some executives can't work normally, not because of technical incompetence, but because of the defects of interpersonal relationships. Therefore, Howard gardner, a psychologist at Harvard University in the United States, believes that "where a person finally occupies in society depends largely on non-IQ factors." It can be seen that in order to achieve the development of life and the success of career, people must master the necessary knowledge of health psychology, know how to adjust emotions, cultivate self-confidence and establish good interpersonal relationships.
It has been pointed out that the development of psychology generally goes through three stages: embellishment, seasoning and necessity. We have reason to believe that with the continuous advancement of China's modernization process, healthy psychology is becoming a necessity in people's lives and an indispensable part of people's happy lives.
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