Environmental protection is a serious environmental pollution caused by industrial development, which first attracted the attention of industrialized countries. The whole society uses national laws and regulations and public opinion propaganda to pay attention to and deal with pollution problems. Rachel carson, an American biologist, published a book named Silent Spring in 1963, expounding the pollution and destruction of pesticide DDT to the environment. Because of the warning in this book, the American government began to investigate the problem of highly toxic pesticides, and established the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970, and various states successively passed laws prohibiting the production and use of highly toxic pesticides. This book is regarded as the symbolic starting point of environmental ecology in the 20th century. From June 5, 1972 to June 6, 1972, the first human environment conference sponsored by the United Nations was held in Stockholm, Sweden, which set the first milestone for human and international environmental protection. The Declaration on the Human Environment adopted by the conference is the first global international document on environmental protection in human history, marking the birth of international environmental law. 1975 the international conference on environmental education held in belgrade, which published the famous belgrade charter, defined the purpose, objectives, objects and guiding principles of environmental education. The first intergovernmental conference on environmental education was held in Tbilisi, the Georgian capital of the Soviet Union, on 1977. The conference issued the Declaration of the Tbilisi Intergovernmental Conference on Environmental Education and the Proposal of the Intergovernmental Conference on Environmental Education. From February 7, 2009 to February 7, 2009, the Copenhagen World Climate Conference was held in Bella Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. 192 negotiators held a summit to discuss the follow-up plan after the first phase of the Kyoto protocol expires, that is, the global emission reduction agreement from 20 12 to 2020. This is another epoch-making global climate agreement after the Kyoto Protocol, which will undoubtedly have a decisive impact on the future climate change trend of the earth. This is a conference known as "the last chance to save mankind". The meeting issued the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Global environmental issues
1, climate warming 2, ozone layer destruction 3, biodiversity reduction 4, acid rain spread 5, forest decline 6, land desertification 7, air pollution 8, water pollution 9, marine pollution 10, solid waste pollution 1 1, land desertification and alkalization.
The Beginning of Environmental Protection in China
China's environmental protection also started with 1972. Guanting Reservoir Protection Office was established in Beijing, and Three Wastes Treatment Office was established in Hebei Province. At the same time, the problem of pollution of Guanting Reservoir in Shacheng pesticide plant, which belongs to Hebei Province, was studied and dealt with, which led to the promulgation of laws in China to formally ban the production and use of DDT nationwide. 1973 Established the Environmental Protection Office under the State Construction Committee, and later changed it to the State Environmental Protection Administration directly under the State Council. Provinces (cities, districts) have also established environmental protection bureaus (departments).
Environmental conditions in China.
1, air pollution is soot pollution, dust and acid rain are the most harmful, and the pollution degree is getting bigger and bigger. 2. Acid rain is mainly distributed in the south of Yangtze River, east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Sichuan Basin. Acid rain pollution is the most serious in central China. 3. The water in rivers, lakes and reservoirs is generally polluted to varying degrees. Except for some inland rivers and large reservoirs, pollution tends to increase, especially in the waters near industrialized towns. 4. Among the seven major water systems (Pearl River, Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Hailuan River, Liaohe River and Songhua River), the Yellow River Basin, Songhua River and Liaohe River Basin are seriously polluted by water. 5. The pollution of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in large freshwater lakes is extensive and eutrophication is serious. 6. The Bohai Sea and the East China Sea are seriously polluted, while the South China Sea is relatively light. 7. The deterioration of the ecological environment in fishery waters has not fundamentally changed, and there is an increasing trend. 8. Urban environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. 9, urban surface water pollution is generally serious, showing a worsening trend. Most rivers are polluted to varying degrees. 10, two thirds of the rivers and more than100000 hectares of farmland in China have been polluted.
Problems in Environmental Protection in China
China's environmental problems are mainly manifested in the following aspects: the discharge of pollutants is still quite large, far higher than the self-purification ability of the environment; The task of industrial pollution control is still quite heavy, and the proportion of urban domestic pollution has increased significantly in some places. Agricultural water quality and soil pollution are increasingly prominent in many areas, and harmful residues of agricultural and sideline products in some places exceed the standard, which affects human health and product export; Soil erosion and desertification are still increasing in some areas, and so on. On the whole, the deterioration of the ecological environment in China has been initially contained, and some areas have improved, but the current environmental situation in China is still quite grim, which is not optimistic. The grim environmental situation forces us to make a choice: sustainable development or self-destruction. There is no doubt that we should take effective measures to prevent environmental pollution and destruction immediately. Otherwise, the deteriorating environment will overshadow all our achievements in other fields. Therefore, while promoting modernization and maintaining the sustained and rapid growth of the national economy, environmental protection must be placed in a prominent position. We should realize that protecting and improving the environment is also protecting and developing productive forces.
Development of Environmental Protection in China
China actively participates in international environmental protection, and has concluded or participated in a series of environmental protection conventions, protocols and bilateral agreements, including the Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and its amendments. Convention on Biological Diversity, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Especially Waterfowl Habitat and its amendments. Agreement on Plant Protection in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, International Tropical Timber Agreement; Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal and Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter; United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships/Protocol KLOC-0/973 1978, Protocol on Intervention on the High Seas when Pollution Caused by Non-oil Substances, International Convention for the Control of Whaling and International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage; Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, Convention on Assistance in Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, Convention on Early Notification of Nuclear Accident and Treaty on the Prohibition of the Placement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and in the Subsoil Thereof; The main responsibility of the government's environmental protection department is to implement the policies for controlling pollutant discharge formulated by parliaments (people's congresses) at all levels and encourage the development of pollutant discharge control technologies to control pollution and protect and improve the environment. [ 1]
Edit related activities in this paragraph.
World Environment Day: Every June 5th is World Environment Day/KOOC-0/974: There is only one earth/KOOC-0/975: Human habitation/KOOC-0/976: Water, an important resource of life/KOOC-0/977: Pay attention to ozone layer destruction, soil erosion, soil degradation and deforestation/KOOC-0/. 1980: New Year 10, New Challenge-Preventing Toxic Chemical Pollution 1982: Commemorating Stockholm Conference on Human Environment 10, Raising Environmental Awareness 2002.
1983: managing and treating hazardous wastes to prevent acid rain 1984: preventing desertification 1985: youth, population and environment 1986: environment and peace 1987: environment and residence 1988. Global Warming 1990: Children and Environment 199 1: Climate Change-Need for Global Cooperation 1992: Only One Earth-Care and Share Together 1993: Poverty and Environment-Get rid of the vicious circle/KLOC Create a house 1997: for life on earth 1998: for life on earth-save our ocean 1999: saving the earth means saving the future 2000: environmental millennium action 200 1: World Life Web 2002: Make the earth full of life 2003. 2005: Building a Green City and Caring for the Earth's Home. 2006: Deserts and Desertification. 2007: The consequences of melting glaciers are worrying. 2008: Change traditional ideas and advocate low-carbon economy. 2009: Your planet needs you to unite to deal with climate change. 20 10: diverse species, the only planet, and the future of 206543.