For nuclear radiation pollution, that is, radioactive pollution, ordinary people often only pay attention to the harm caused by radioactive substances produced in some special workshops of nuclear radiation factories in modern scientific research, or the influence and harm caused by radioactivity produced by X-ray treatment in hospitals, without considering that there will be radioactive pollution sources in life. In fact, radioactive substances in life can enter the human body in many ways, causing chronic damage to the body. In order to prevent the harm of radioactive pollution sources to human health in life, the relevant law enforcement departments should strengthen the publicity of environmental awareness. On the other hand, the government and law enforcement departments should strengthen the management of radioactive substances and regularly monitor the goods that are easily contaminated by radioactive substances.
Third, the harm of nuclear radiation to human body.
What are the three principles of radiation protection?
1, acute nuclear radiation injury
When the radiation dose exceeds 1Gy (unit: Ge), it may cause acute radiation sickness or local acute injury. When the dose is lower than 1Gy, a few people may have mild symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue and loss of appetite. When the dose is 1- 10Gy, the main damage is the hematopoietic system. When the dose is 10-50Gy, the symptoms mainly appear in the digestive tract. Without treatment, 100% died within two weeks. Above 50Gy, brain injury is the main cause, and death can be achieved in 2 days. Acute injury is more common in nuclear radiation accidents.
2. Chronic nuclear radiation injury
Long-term over-dose chronic whole body irradiation can cause chronic radiation sickness. Local high-dose radiation can cause local chronic injuries, such as chronic skin injuries, hematopoietic disorders, cataracts and so on. Chronic injury is very common among the occupational population engaged in nuclear radiation work.
Chronic nuclear radiation injury
3. Embryo and fetal injury
Embryos and fetuses are sensitive to radiation, and exposure to radiation before implantation can increase the stillbirth rate; Contact during organogenesis will increase the rate of fetal malformation and neonatal mortality. According to epidemiological investigation, the incidence of leukemia and some cancers in children exposed to prenatal care is higher than that in the control group.
4. Long term effects
The carcinogenic effect of nuclear radiation has been confirmed by animal experiments and epidemiological investigations in the range of medium or large doses. In the population exposed to acute and chronic radiation, the number of white blood cells has decreased seriously, and the incidence of various cancers such as lung cancer, thyroid cancer, breast cancer and bone cancer has increased with the increase of radiation dose.
5. Sequelae of nuclear radiation pollution.
After six months of radiation pollution, the body will change, including lens opacity, cataract, permanent infertility caused by the influence of male testis and female ovary, hematopoietic dysfunction caused by bone marrow injury, and various cancers.
In addition, there will be genetic effects, which will lead to mutations in genes or chromosomes of germ cells, leading to teratogenesis and other problems.
How to avoid nuclear radiation pollution
Four or eight kinds of fruits and vegetables with special control effects
Studies have shown that the harm of nuclear radiation to human body is related to its peroxidation. Therefore, in order to prevent nuclear radiation, in addition to avoiding "close contact" with nuclear radiation, certain nutrition plays a very important role in combating radiation. In nuclear bases, nuclear arsenals, nuclear submarines, nuclear explosions and other places, people can resist or reduce the harm caused by nuclear radiation through diet, which has been confirmed by the Institute of Modern Medicine.
Black sesame: Black sesame is good for the kidneys. Eating more foods that tonify the kidney can enhance the cellular immunity and humoral immunity of the human body and effectively protect human health.
Amaranth: The anti-radiation, anti-mutation and anti-oxidation effects of amaranth are related to its selenium content. Selenium is an important trace element, which can improve the anti-radiation ability of human body.
Green tea: Tea polyphenols in green tea can not only resist cancer and scavenge free radicals in the body, but also resist radiation. Drinking green tea every day is very beneficial to your health. Tea also contains lipopolysaccharide, which can improve hematopoietic function and increase platelets and white blood cells.
Nuclear radiation protection
Lycopene: Lycopene not only has excellent radiation resistance, but also has strong oxidation resistance. Lycopene is widely found in tomatoes, apricots, guava, watermelon, papaya, red grapes and other fruits and vegetables. Among them, the content of tomato is relatively high, mostly in the skin and seeds of tomato. In addition, lycopene is a fat-soluble vitamin, which must be fried in oil to be absorbed by the human body.
Spirulina food: Spirulina is rich in plant protein, various amino acids, trace elements, vitamins, minerals and bioactive substances, which can promote the hematopoietic function of bone marrow cells, enhance the proliferation vitality of bone marrow cells and promote the biosynthesis of serum proteins, thus improving human immunity. Therefore, eating more kelp and spirulina has obvious anti-radiation effect.
Pollen food: Pollen food, as a new type of nutritional health care product, is popular all over the world and is called "completely nutritious food", ranking among the best among nutritious foods. According to modern scientific determination, the protein content of pollen per100g can be as high as 25-30g, containing more than a dozen amino acids, which are free and easily absorbed by human body. Pollen also contains 40% sugar and a certain amount of fat, as well as rich B vitamins and vitamins A, D, E and K, among which vitamins E and K are important substances that can delay the aging process of human cells. Pollen also contains 10 kinds of inorganic salts, more than 30 kinds of trace elements and 18 kinds of enzymes, such as iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and potassium, so pollen has anti-radiation effect.
Ginkgo biloba products: Polyphenols in Ginkgo biloba extract have miraculous effects on preventing and reducing radiation. For workers in nuclear radiation environment, taking Ginkgo biloba tea regularly can increase white blood cells and protect hematopoietic function.
Five, other ways to prevent nuclear radiation
Lipid intake should not be too high
1, the energy supply should be sufficient.
Radiation increases the energy consumption of the body, and the ability of body tissues to use sugar decreases. Adequate energy supply is conducive to improving the body's tolerance to radiation, reducing sensitivity, reducing damage and protecting the body. Carbohydrate in grain is the main source of energy needed by human body. If the intake is insufficient, it will force the body fat and protein to be continuously converted into energy, resulting in a relatively insufficient protein, thus affecting the repair of radiation-damaged tissues or aggravating radiation damage. Fructose is the best sugar source, followed by glucose and sucrose.
2, protein can not be less
Insufficient intake of protein will lead to insufficient tissue protein synthesis, which will lead to weight loss and dysfunction of muscles, heart, liver, kidney, spleen and other organs, thus increasing the sensitivity to radiation. Therefore, people exposed to nuclear radiation should pay attention to ingesting enough high-quality protein. For example, eat more foods rich in vitamins A, C and protein, such as carrots, tomatoes, kelp, lean meat and animal livers, so as to enhance the body's ability to resist nuclear radiation.
3. Lipid intake should not be too high.
After radiation, human body loses appetite and tastes bad, so the total supply of fat should be reduced appropriately, but the proportion of vegetable oil should be increased. Oleic acid can promote the regeneration function of hematopoietic system and effectively prevent radiation injury.
4. Eat more vitamins
Essential fatty acids, vitamins A, K, E and B, vitamin deficiency can reduce the body's tolerance to radiation, so it is appropriate to increase the supply.
Mineral balance is particularly important.
5. Mineral balance is particularly important.
The plasma concentrations of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in the body must be balanced, otherwise the water-electrolyte balance cannot be maintained, which is harmful to health and even life-threatening. The relationship between trace elements and other nutrients is also very important. Zinc has an important influence on the digestion, absorption and metabolism of many nutrients, including protein and vitamins. When radiation damage occurs, excessive or unbalanced minerals, including trace elements, will have adverse effects.
6. Appropriate supply of inorganic salts
Appropriate addition of inorganic salts (mainly salt) to the diet can promote people to drink more water and accelerate the excretion of radionuclides with urine and feces, thus reducing radiation damage in the body.
7. The role of spicy food should not be underestimated.
Spicy food is a common condiment and a natural radiation-resistant food. Eating spicy food often can not only mobilize the whole immune system, but also protect the DNA of cells from radiation damage. Therefore, eating spicy food often is very beneficial to your health.
Intransitive verbs are wary of other radiation pollution hidden around us.
Hidden radiation pollution around us.
1, pay attention to indoor radioactive pollution.
With the development of industry, industrial waste residue is often used as building materials, which may cause some radioactive substances in building materials. Radioactive gases and their sub-products are produced after radioactive decay, suspended in indoor air, and the atmosphere and its sub-products emit high-energy A-rays (particles). If people inhale this gas, it will produce radiation to human lung tissue. If you are exposed to radiation for a long time, it is easy to produce diseases such as bronchitis and lung cancer. According to foreign reports, the natural radioactive gas atmosphere in most homes, if mixed with smoke, will have a fatal impact. The atmosphere is the pathogenic factor of lung cancer.
In addition, slate materials such as granite used to decorate rooms also contain a certain amount of atmosphere, especially in the case of poor ventilation, which will lead to increased indoor radioactive pollution. Monitoring shows that indoor oxygen is mostly accumulated in poorly ventilated places, and it is a good measure to reduce indoor atmospheric concentration by opening the windows of the room frequently to promote air circulation and dilute oxygen. The stone (board) used in house decoration should be used selectively. The radionuclide content of stone will increase or decrease with the different natural conditions such as storage and location, so it must be monitored to know whether it is suitable for indoor decoration. It is necessary to standardize the decoration material market.
2. Be alert to nuclear pollution of drinking water.
Strengthen environmental protection of drinking water sources and prevent nuclear pollution of drinking water. Water contaminated by radioactive substances cannot be directly drunk.
If crops and vegetables are watered with water contaminated by radioactive substances. The content of radioactive substances has generally increased, which is harmful to human health.
China is rich in mineral water resources, many of which are contaminated by artificial or natural radioactivity on the way. According to reports, through the monitoring of relevant departments, the oxygen concentration in some blindly developed mineral water sources is too high, and drinking this mineral water for a long time is harmful to the health. Therefore, the relevant local law enforcement and supervision departments should strictly manage mineral water development projects, not only strictly control the sanitary indicators of commercial mineral water, but also pay attention to whether it is polluted by radioactive substances.
3. Prevent radioactive pollution of coal.
Coal combustion usually contains a small amount of radioactive substances. Research and analysis show that many coal flue gases contain U, Th, Ra, 2 10Po and 2 10Pb. In most cases, although these substances are few, if they are accumulated for a long time, their radioactive substances will also enter the human body with air and barbecue food, causing chronic damage to the body.
When using coal in daily life, we should pay attention to ventilation and exhaust, and be wary of soot entering the human body through breathing. It is forbidden to eat coal to directly bake food, especially tea, cigarettes, meat and biscuits. If you must use coal (carbon) to bake food, you should also pay attention to shielding, and don't let the food come into direct contact with lampblack.
4. Don't wear gold and silver jewelry for a long time.
Wearing gold and silver jewelry is an important part of people's lives, especially for women's beauty and makeup. I don't know that wearing jewelry often will also bring trouble to people, that is, it is easy to suffer from "jewelry disease", that is, skin disease.
Generally speaking, in addition to pure gold (24K) jewelry, other jewelry must be mixed with a small amount of steel, chromium, nickel and other materials in the production process, especially those extremely dazzling or cheap synthetic jewelry products, which are more complicated in material composition and more likely to cause harm to people's skin. According to reports, after examining thousands of pieces of jewelry, American experts found that nearly 100 pieces of jewelry contained radioactive substances, which was seriously harmful to human body. If worn for a long time, it may cause skin diseases or skin cancer. Gold and silver jewelry should not be worn often. Jewelry products that are often worn should be tested for radioactive substances.
Radiation protection is an applied discipline to study and protect human beings (including all human beings, some human beings or individual members and their descendants) from radiation hazards, and sometimes it refers to the requirements, measures, means and methods for protecting human beings from or as little as possible from radiation hazards. Radiation includes ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation. In the nuclear field, radiation protection refers to ionizing radiation protection.