As the hope of the future society, college students are paid more and more attention by the society, and the society has also noticed the psychological health problems of college students. This paper analyzes the necessity and importance of strengthening college students' mental health, points out the psychological problems existing in college students at present, and puts forward some countermeasures to improve and promote college students' mental health.
Keywords: countermeasures of college students' mental health problems
Mental health has always been one of the key contents of psychological research. As early as 1946, the international conference on mental health proposed that mental health should have four characteristics: (l) physical, intellectual and emotional harmony; (2) Adapting to the environment and giving in to each other in interpersonal relationships; (3) Have a sense of happiness; (4) In my work and career, I can give full play to my abilities and lead an efficient life. The World Health Organization (WHO) also puts forward in its charter that health is "a state of physical, psychological and social perfection, not just a state of absence of disease and weakness." In other words, health needs not only physical diseases, but also mental health and good social adaptability (Sang Biao, Song Zhihong, 1998).
In China, with the rapid development of society, the pace of life is accelerating, competition is intensifying and interpersonal relationships are becoming more and more complicated. The characteristics of modern cities, such as industrialization, urbanization and population density, may cause great and heavy psychological pressure on people, which also poses a serious threat to people's mental health. As an important part of modern society,
To some extent, college students inevitably face the same threat in mental health.
College students are in a changeable and crisis period of life. This period is also called "psychological weaning period" by many psychologists. How to make them avoid or eliminate psychological pressure, psychological crisis or psychological obstacles caused by psychological pressure, improve their physical and mental health, adapt to the current and developing social environment with a positive and normal psychological state, prevent mental illness and psychosomatic diseases, and enhance their mental health.
Education has become everyone's urgent need and common concern.
First, the importance and urgency of college students' mental health
1994 "Several Opinions of the Central Committee on Further Strengthening and Improving Moral Education in Schools" puts forward that students of different ages should be educated and guided in various ways to help them improve their psychological quality, perfect their personality and enhance their ability to resist setbacks and adapt to the environment. 1995 "The Outline of Moral Education in Colleges and Universities in China (Trial)" requires that mental health education should be an important part of moral education in colleges and universities. 1999 "the State Council central Committee's decision on deepening education reform and promoting quality education in an all-round way" emphasizes that in promoting quality education in an all-round way, we must attach great importance to moral education and strengthen college students' mental health education, which has been paid more and more attention by the state. 200 1 The Ministry of Education issued the Opinions on Strengthening College Students' Mental Health Education (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), which pointed out: "Strengthening college students' mental health education is an important measure to comprehensively implement the Party's educational policy and implement quality education under the new situation, an important way and means to promote the all-round development of college students, and an important part of moral education in colleges and universities.
Second, the mental health problems of college students
(A self-centered outlook on life.
When college students have disputes with others in daily life, the first thing they think of is that others are sorry for themselves, and they never think about whether they are worthy of others. Never reflect on your mistakes when talking to others. This self-centered thought was gradually formed by the only child in his beloved family environment. At present, college students are "smooth sailing" in life, "spoiled by teachers" at school and "held by parents" at home. Therefore, the self-centered outlook on life exists more or less in the minds of today's college students.
(2) Weak interpersonal skills, even no intimate friends.
After entering the university, facing the new environment, the relationship between classmates and teachers and students is obviously different from before. On the one hand, college students no longer receive meticulous care and care from teachers; On the other hand, students come from all directions, with different economic and cultural backgrounds and different living habits and behavior habits, so it is relatively difficult to communicate. Some students want to communicate with others, but because they are introverted or lack some communication methods and skills, they dare not take the initiative to communicate with others, or feel very nervous in the process of communication, so they appear unnatural and uncoordinated in the process of communication.
(3) Poor social adaptability.
Nowadays, most college students live under the protection of their families, and their coping strategies for life events are not commensurate with the requirements of life for them. When they encounter something difficult to deal with, although they can analyze their psychological change process and internal reasons, and even quote some psychological theories to explain it, they always say, "I know … but what should I do?" This kind of limitation in strategy and ability makes them unable to effectively cope with all kinds of life events, face all kinds of pressures actively and recover quickly.
Self-psychological balance, but often in a state of nervous tension.
(4) Self-awareness is not perfect.
A person's healthy and coordinated self-integration based on self-esteem and self-confidence is the psychological basis for coping with life events. A domestic study shows that most of the psychological troubles of college students are related to self-cognition [2]. For example, you can't know and understand yourself objectively, you can't evaluate yourself too high or too low, you can't locate yourself accurately, and so on. When some students have some defects in the development of self-awareness and need to deal with problems independently,
These defects have become an important obstacle in the process of adaptation and development.
(e) Love and sex.
After entering the university, students' physical development has matured and they have the psychology of falling in love. The problem of love is not uncommon on college campuses. Men and women in love can be said to be a landscape on campus. On the issue of love, due to the lack of correct guidance, students are just curious, playful and fashionable, which will inevitably hurt both sides. There are also some students who are ashamed of their inferiority and lack autonomy.
Just wishful thinking, so I fell into unrequited love. Inner anxiety not only affects one's physical and mental health, but also affects one's study and life.
(6) Psychological problems in job hunting.
To some extent, university education is to prepare for college students' employment. With the establishment of the market economy system, the system of two-way choice and independent employment has been implemented in the graduation distribution of college students. Self-employment provides a broader prospect for college students to fully display themselves. However, the coexistence of challenges and opportunities, fierce competition in the talent market, and the lack of objective evaluation of themselves and a comprehensive understanding of the employment situation have led some college students to have all kinds of bad psychology when choosing a job. Anxiety, conceit, inferiority, cowardice, dependence, comparison and conformity are common unhealthy psychology of college students in choosing jobs.
Thirdly, from several factors of college students' mental health.
Judging from several factors of mental health, the mental health problems of college students are very obvious. The average of 9 factors and positive items of SCL-90 of college students is higher than the national adult norm, and the difference reaches a significant and very significant level. Calculated by the average plus 1.96 standard deviation, the domestic norm does not exceed 3 points, while the F2, F3, F4 and F8 factors of college students are all higher than 3 points.
College students, especially vocational students, scored significantly higher on SCL-90 than the national youth norm. The high scores of F 1 (somatization), F2 (obsessive-compulsive symptoms), F3 (interpersonal sensitivity), F5 (anxiety), F (terror), F9 (psychosis) and other factors show that vocational college students have many mental health problems besides strong inferiority complex, psychological fragility, emotional depression and oversensitivity.
There is no significant difference in obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, phobia and psychotic factors. There is no significant difference between urban and rural students, but compared with urban students, there are obvious differences in factors such as somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, terror and paranoia, among which somatization, depression, hostility and paranoia are significant, and the average score of urban and rural students is higher than that of urban students. This result shows that higher vocational students from big cities and rural areas have more mental health problems than students from towns, and there are prominent psychological obstacles in some aspects.
Fourthly, the countermeasures to improve the mental health level of college students.
(A) to guide and help students to establish a correct outlook on life and values.
College students are in the formative period of their outlook on life and values. The rapid development of market economy not only stimulates their enterprising spirit and improves their enthusiasm for learning, but also gives opportunities for money worship, hedonism and individualism, which seriously affects their psychological quality and personality cultivation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the ideological, moral and political literacy education for higher vocational students, guide and help them to establish a correct
Their outlook on life and values enable them to have a correct and positive understanding of society, life and the world. They should adopt a correct and appropriate attitude and act accordingly.
(2) Guide students to know themselves correctly.
It is necessary to guide students to shape a healthy personality, to guide them to establish beliefs of self-esteem, self-improvement and self-confidence, and to turn a strong sense of self-development into an actual act of trying to acquire knowledge. It is necessary to educate them to fully understand themselves, encourage students to tap their potential to surpass themselves, guide them to establish an appropriate level of ambition, deeply understand themselves in self-analysis, objectively evaluate themselves, adjust their personal needs and psychological expectations according to objective realistic conditions, and avoid psychological anxiety or relaxation caused by too high or too low expectations of themselves.
(C) to cultivate the interpersonal skills of vocational college students.
We should strive to cultivate their interpersonal skills, teach students interpersonal skills and eliminate their inferiority complex. Understand students' physical and psychological conditions, guide and educate students with scientific ideas, so that students can establish a correct view of love on the issue of love, and let them have a better understanding of the physical differences between the two sexes and the natural laws of sexual development. Strengthen sexual moral education and handle the relationship between classmates, love and friendship.
Establish a scientific concept of sex, so that they can successfully pass the transition period from adolescence to adulthood.
(4) Offering special compulsory or elective courses in psychology and setting up psychological consultation room.
Schools should systematically impart mental health knowledge, introduce common sense, self-training methods and self-care knowledge closely related to the development of mental health, help students better understand and grasp their own psychology, and consciously safeguard and enhance their mental health by offering elective courses and compulsory courses according to their age, characteristics and psychological needs. Psychological consultation is an indispensable auxiliary work in college students' mental health education. Group counseling and individual counseling can be used. You can also set up a psychological mailbox, open a psychological hotline, and conduct online psychological counseling to solve psychological problems for students who are unwilling to visit.
refer to
[1] Ministry of Education. Some opinions on strengthening college students' mental health education [J]. Research on Ideological Education, 200 1 (4).
[2] Wu Jisu, Qi Shijun, Shang Yuhong. College students will cultivate healthy psychology. Beijing: China International Education Press, 2000.
[3] Hu Kai, editor. A new view on college students' mental health. Central South University Press, 2003: 135.
[4] Yu Hua, Liu Meijuan, Department of Education Management, Anhui University Philosophy Department, SCL-90 test results, Psychological Science No.5 1995.
[5] Johnny. Vocational College Students' Psychological Investigation and Research. Northeast Normal University Master's Degree Thesis 2007 15.