How do you understand the key points and difficulties in different learning fields of physical education and health in junior high school?

Key contents of physical education health teaching 1. Mastering health care knowledge and methods In the past teaching, teachers paid more attention to imparting sports knowledge and skills, but neglected to cultivate students' awareness of their own health. In fact, cultivating students' awareness of their own health is an important way to promote students' participation in sports activities and form a healthy lifestyle. The new curriculum standard advocates cultivating students' lifelong sports consciousness, and puts forward that in physical education teaching, students should master the basic knowledge and methods of scientific exercise, arrange their own exercise activities reasonably, and strive to practice scientific physical exercise behavior. For example, when students take physical exercise, they can choose reasonable content and arrange the amount of exercise according to their own specific conditions. Know how to adjust the amount and intensity of exercise by changing the way and times of exercise, understand the concept of heart rate and the essentials of safe exercise, and carry out scientific physical fitness activities. At the same time, through the study of physical education courses, students can understand the importance of healthy living habits to health and cultivate students to develop a healthy lifestyle. Understanding the role of reasonable diet and physical exercise in weight control, the health benefits of reasonable arrangement of work and rest time, the dangers of smoking, alcoholism and drug abuse and their awareness of resistance, the transmission routes and preventive measures of common diseases and infectious diseases, and the dangers and preventive methods of AIDS and schistosomiasis will help students form a healthy lifestyle awareness. 2. Developing Physical Fitness and Sports Fitness In real life, maintaining good physical fitness can make us healthier, more energetic, have a better life and live longer in junior high school, and physical exercise is an indispensable and important way to improve our physical fitness. Therefore, the development of physical quality and sports quality can be said to be a very important learning content and goal in the field of sports health education and learning. Physical fitness includes physical fitness related to health and physical fitness related to sports skills. Physical fitness related to health is to maintain and promote the healthy work of various systems of the body, and physical fitness related to sports skills is to provide physical quality conditions for further sports with higher skill level. It should be noted that due to the different sensitive periods of various physical development, students' physical quality should be developed with emphasis in combination with their age characteristics in teaching. For Grade 4 students, it is necessary to focus on developing students' speed, aerobic endurance, strength and agility, but this does not mean that other sports qualities can be ignored, but should be focused and developed in an all-round way. At the same time, it should be adjusted according to the differences in different regions and the characteristics of students. For example, students in mountainous and plateau areas have much better aerobic endurance than students in coastal cities, and students in coastal cities may have a slight advantage in sensitivity. On the premise of balanced physical development, they may have different development priorities, thus making the learning purpose concrete. Difficulties and difficulties in the teaching content of physical health 1. What are the knowledge and methods of health care? Because the curriculum standard only sets the goal of physical health content, but not the specific teaching content, it provides an open teaching form for education administrative departments at all levels and front-line teachers, and improves teachers' right to choose independently. But the lack of specific content also confuses teachers. Whether front-line teachers have the ability or time to carry out targeted research and design, and what basis teachers choose teaching content has become the primary problem to achieve the goal in this field. To solve this problem, we should first choose the corresponding theoretical knowledge of physical education and health according to the age characteristics of Grade 4 students. Junior high school students enter the stage of rapid growth, their sexual characteristics gradually appear, their psychological development tends to be complicated, and they have a strong curiosity about all kinds of things. Therefore, teachers should actively guide students to pay attention to their physical and mental health, understand the role of physical exercise and healthy living habits on health, actively participate in sports activities, gradually develop good physical exercise habits, and be able to guide their sports activities with their own knowledge of sports health care. Secondly, according to the third characteristic and the actual situation of our region and school, we choose the corresponding teaching content. Students from different regions and living environments are greatly influenced by society. For example, students in big cities and rural schools have obviously different opportunities to get in touch with new sports and adverse social influences, and they also face different problems and mental and psychological development. Therefore, teachers should introduce the connotation and performance of healthy lifestyle to students in a targeted manner, and give full play to the practical guiding role of what they have learned. Teaching difficulty 2: How to implement the goal of physical health in physical education and promote students' physical health has always been an important task of school physical education. However, survey data show that in recent ten years, some physical indicators closely related to the health of adolescents in China, such as speed, endurance, flexibility, explosiveness and strength, have declined, and students' vital capacity has also shown a downward trend. Although there are many reasons for this result, physical education curriculum has an unshirkable responsibility. Therefore, in today's society, great changes have taken place in lifestyle. How to reasonably design physical education curriculum, make it more effective to promote students' physical and mental health development, and strive to achieve the goal of physical education curriculum in the field of physical health, has become the urgent responsibility of the majority of front-line teachers and physical education workers. 1. Experience the fun of sports and the fun of successful sports can be said from the following aspects: First, the fun of competition, the success and happiness brought by victory after fierce competition in sports, gives people. Secondly, the sense of accomplishment after overcoming difficulties in sports, such as overcoming the difficulties of opponents, technical movements and physical conditions, can also experience victory, success, self-confidence and self-esteem; The third is the affirmation, self-affirmation and self-satisfaction brought by "performance". There are many sports that rely on the fun of performance, such as rhythmic gymnastics, aerobics, sports dance, martial arts routines and so on. Finally, "the satisfaction of physical needs" is the pleasure after eliminating the discomfort caused by insufficient exercise. For junior high school students, the function of physical education and health course should be to let them deeply experience the fun and success of sports and enhance their deeper understanding of sports fun while participating in sports. 2. Form sports awareness and habits. The study of physical education and health course will make students fully active. By accumulating and actively participating in sports activities, students can develop their physical activity ability, improve their health level, and cultivate an attitude of actively participating in sports activities and a healthy lifestyle. Physical education teaching must take students' sports cognition as an important part of teaching. By improving students' sports cognitive level, students' sports learning motivation can be improved, and then the effect of sports learning and exercise can be improved. This requires teachers to strengthen guidance, so that students can gradually understand the role of promoting physical and mental health and realize the practical value of developing good physical exercise habits. To stimulate students' interest in learning, teachers should not only increase the intensity of explanation and publicity in knowledge imparting, but also let students experience or feel through specific physical education learning in physical education teaching. Generally speaking, from the generation of interest to the formation of habits can not be completed overnight, teachers need to seize every opportunity to consolidate students' learning motivation, improve students' learning interest, and gradually form good sports awareness and behavior. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out various sports activities in and out of class, so that students can get in touch with and feel the fun of sports and the role of promoting health, and continuously and deeply promote the enhancement of students' good sports awareness and the formation of physical exercise habits. Difficulties and difficulties in the teaching content of sports skills 1. How does physical education class let students experience the fun of sports? To improve the enthusiasm of students to participate in sports, we must first experience their psychology from the perspective of students. It is a child's nature to like sports. How to further extend their psychology into school physical education requires us to dig deep into the differences and connections between children's favorite sports and physical education, and strive to narrow the distance between them. What sports do children like? Children like unrestrained sports, no organizational restrictions, no time restrictions, free communication and full exercise. They can fully enjoy freedom, relaxation, catharsis, friendship and so on in sports. However, as a means of school education, physical education class's main function is education, so it is an organized, purposeful and conditional activity. So what is the fun of physical education (physical education class)? Have the fun of participating together, fully show your own fun, successfully complete the movements, improve the movement skills, encourage each other among peers, overcome difficulties, and win the third place by defeating opponents. The key to the problem is whether students can experience these pleasures in physical education teaching, so as to continuously consolidate their motivation to actively participate. If our teaching physical education can't make students experience these pleasures, why should we attract students to actively participate? Therefore, the primary task of sports content participation is to choose teaching content according to students' characteristics, set up health demonstration classroom teaching by using colorful teaching methods, and mobilize and stimulate students' learning enthusiasm by using patient guidance and diligent encouragement evaluation methods, so that students can experience the fun of sports in physical education teaching. Difficulty 2: How to cultivate students' awareness and habit of actively participating in sports activities "mainly refers to the ability to reproduce reality conceptually, and also refers to this special form of reproducing its difficulties at different levels". In psychology, it refers to the highest stage of psychological development, which is related to the unique reaction form of human beings. Consciousness has three basic characteristics: (1) consciousness. The human brain can consciously use concepts such as knowledge, concepts and ideas to respond to objective things. (2) initiative. People's reaction to reality is not passive, but conscious, purposeful and selective. Among complex things, people first reflect those things that have social life significance and meet the purpose of activities. (3) social constraints. Human consciousness is not only the result of the long-term development of biology, but also the product of social relations. Without social life, it cannot exist independently. Habit is an automatic behavior pattern gradually developed through repeated practice, which does not require will, effort and supervision. So as to cultivate students' awareness and habits of actively participating in sports activities. Through the carrier of physical education and health courses, students' basic knowledge of sports can be continuously improved, and the promotion of physical activities to body and mind can be understood. Through the continuous improvement of physical functions and sports skills, students can experience the fun and success of sports, and through repeated benign stimulation, they can form positive awareness and habits of activities. Difficulty 3: How to adhere to the habit of physical exercise It should be pointed out that sometimes the habits that have been developed will be interrupted or stopped because of some external influences. For example, college students with good physical exercise habits will interrupt physical exercise because of busy work or increased pressure after taking part in work. Although lack of time is a good reason, scientific physical exercise is an effective means to promote their healthy development, maintain a good mental state and relieve psychological pressure. Therefore, in the student stage, we should cultivate students' physical exercise ability in different ways, and let them adjust their exercise content in different ways according to their own time. For example, students have mastered basketball skills and techniques, mastered the basic skills of Wushu Changquan, and like running. With this reasonable combination of healthy sports techniques, when they can't continue playing basketball because of lack of sports venues and companions, they can choose to play boxing in a small venue or run in a sunny morning. In addition, the external environment of sports participation will also promote the persistence of habits, such as exercise partners and places, and encourage students to keep in touch with family, friends, classmates and clubs. , can play the role of mutual supervision and encouragement, and promote students' good exercise habits. In short, physical exercise does not need to choose a fixed way and content. It is very important to cultivate the consciousness of persisting in exercise and develop a good lifestyle.