All kinds of harmful chemical, physical and biological factors existing in the workplace and produced in the operation process are called occupational hazard factors, which can be divided into the following categories according to their sources:
(A) harmful factors in the production process
1, chemical factors
(1) productive poison. Such as lead, benzene, mercury, carbon monoxide and organophosphorus pesticides.
(2) Productive dust. Such as silica dust, coal dust, cement dust, asbestos dust and organic dust.
2. Physical factors
Physical factors mainly include abnormal meteorological conditions, abnormal air pressure, noise, vibration, non-ionizing radiation, ionizing radiation and so on.
(1) Abnormal meteorological conditions. Such as high temperature, high humidity and low temperature. (2) Abnormal air pressure. Such as high air pressure and low air pressure.
(3) Noise and vibration. (4) Non-ionizing radiation. Such as ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, radio frequency radiation, microwaves, lasers and the like.
(5) Ionizing radiation. Such as α, β, γ, X-ray, etc.
3. Biological factors
Infectious pathogens such as anthrax, Brucella, and forest encephalitis virus.
4. Time utilization coefficient
For example, the working hours at night are long and the rest system is unreasonable. In actual production, occupational hazards often do not exist alone, and the joint existence of multiple occupational hazards will often aggravate the impact on workers' health.
(B) harmful factors in the process of labor
1, labor organization and labor rest system are unreasonable.
2. Overwork and mental (psychological) tension.
3, the labor intensity is too high, the labor arrangement is improper, and it is impossible to reasonably arrange the homework suitable for the physiological condition of the workers.
4. Individual organs or systems are excessively stressed during childbirth. Such as eye fatigue.
5. Working with bad posture and posture for a long time or using unreasonable tools.
(c) Harmful factors in the production environment
1, the role of natural environmental factors. Such as solar radiation in hot season.
2. The building or layout of the factory building is unreasonable. For example, toxic and non-toxic workshops are arranged in the same workshop.
3. The production environment pollution caused by other harmful factors in the production process.
4. Time factors, such as long working hours at night and unreasonable rest system. In actual production, occupational hazards often do not exist alone, and the joint existence of multiple occupational hazards will often aggravate the impact on workers' health.