First, the factors affecting children's mental health
(A), family factors affecting children's mental health and solutions
Childhood is an important period of life development, and personality and many psychological qualities are formed during this period. Psychology defines this period as the key period of life development. However, many investigations from kindergartens show that many children are selfish, conceited, willful, grumpy, emotionally fragile, independent and poor in social skills, which may become hidden dangers of their psychological problems. Family is the most important and basic environment for children's psychological development, and its influence on children's mental health is not only manifested in the biological genetic influence, but also in the influence of parents' emotional attitude, personality, value orientation and psychological morality on children. For example:
1. Improper upbringing in family education
In the eyes of some parents, the task of parents is to let their children eat well, dress well and not get sick. Parents are willing to invest in their children's food, clothing, housing, transportation and physical health care, but ignore their children's mental health. In modern families, emphasis is placed on inculcating health knowledge and neglecting the cultivation of behavior habits; Pay more attention to the intake of dietary nutrition and less attention to the satisfaction of emotional needs; Pay more attention to the arrangement of adults than the independent training of children. The one-child phenomenon makes it very common to spoil children. If a little girl's skirt is ordered by someone else, she rushes to scratch someone else's face. As soon as the teacher wanted to talk to her, she cried loudly and said, "Dad will be distressed to know that you criticized me." When parents know, they laugh it off. For another example, when children talk about happy things in kindergarten or ask some questions at home, parents feel bored and ignore them. Children will naturally be cold for a long time if they don't feel emotional happiness and satisfaction.
2. The role of parents' role models in family education
Parents always want their children to get rid of bad habits. Once they find their children's problems, they are bound to be scolded or even beaten. However, parents don't realize that their words and deeds have a subtle influence on their children. For example, parents are very casual and don't mind what happens, so it is difficult for them to ask their children to be strict in everything. In addition, the psychological impact of divorced families on children is also very great. When children see the war between parents who are going to divorce, they will feel very scared and become very timid. Some children also take the initiative to avoid being bullied and beat and scold their classmates. Therefore, parents should first analyze whether there is any misconduct in the psychological problems they find in their children.
3. Parents have different views on education.
Many parents report that their children lie in psychological counseling. There are many reasons for lying. For example, preschool children can't distinguish between reality and imagination, and parents mistake their children's imagination for lying. This is actually the instinct of children to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, but there are also places where parents need to review. For example, if a child has a problem in kindergarten, the kindergarten teacher will find the parents, and the father will go home to criticize and correct it next time. If he looks for his mother, the child will inevitably suffer from the same flesh and blood when he comes home, and the child will benefit from his father. Over time, what children say in front of their parents, teachers and parents is different. The bad habit of lying is formed.
4. Look at the problem from an adult's point of view
Some things are good or indifferent to children, but some parents have problems with the perspective of these things. If you see the teacher asking the children to pick leaves in the kindergarten and chat by themselves, parents think that such a living teacher does not participate and the children do not have to do it. Parents think it's unfair to their children from the perspective of adults, while children themselves think it's a group activity, which is very interesting. In this way, parents' views and children's feelings are completely opposite, which makes children at a loss, or they learn to haggle over every ounce in interpersonal communication when they grow up.
5. Problems of grandparents and nannies.
Under normal circumstances, parents are busy with work and can't take care of their children wholeheartedly. It is inevitable that they will ask the elderly or nannies to help look after their children. On the one hand, the knowledge level of grandparents and nannies is usually lower than that of parents, and their main task is to look after children rather than educate them, so their help to children's psychological growth is far less than that of parents; On the other hand, grandparents and nannies always restrict children's activities or scare them of danger to avoid harm, which also affects their physical and mental development, such as poor sports ability, fear of trying new things, timidity, exaggerating danger and dependence.
In view of the above situation, they are all factors that adversely affect children's mental health. Therefore, parents should constantly give their children positive comments and praise them in time. Praise every little progress, so that children can gradually regain their self-confidence and do better. Pay attention to changing the image of parents themselves. If you are dissatisfied with some characteristics of your child, check whether you have similar performance, and if so, encourage your child to correct it with yourself. Leave room for children's progress. The requirements for children should be what children can do through hard work, otherwise it will dampen their enthusiasm and self-esteem. Actively adjust parents' own mentality. Try to see the bright side of things, try to understand and evaluate the communication with colleagues and the attitude towards society from the perspective of goodwill, so as to have a tolerant attitude in your heart and positively evaluate your children. Create a good family environment for children and create a harmonious family atmosphere. Let children participate in housework and give full play to the function of cooperation; Let children enjoy democratic and equal status at home and strengthen communication with children.
(2) School factors that affect children's mental health and their solutions.
Kindergarten is a child's second home. Children spend most of their time in kindergarten except for rest, so teachers' education plays a leading role.
1, aiming at rebellious psychology, to eliminate children's wariness.
At work, we found that some teachers used improper methods, stressed their tone, or were partial to listening and believing, which led to children's rebellious mentality and resistance. If this kind of psychology is formed, it will be difficult for teachers and children to communicate. Therefore, it is particularly important to eliminate children's wariness and carry out timely and effective education against rebellious psychology. The first is to establish friendly relations with each other. As a teacher, you should be good at getting along with children and let them know, like and trust you through study, games and various activities. Only in this way can children feel that you are one of them and a close friend. Second, it is a matter, not a person. At work, teachers often criticize those naughty children and pay little attention to them. Over time, it is easy to have prejudice and resentment against such children, and nothing is pleasing to the eye. In other words, blame is not a problem, which seriously hurts children's self-esteem and enthusiasm to some extent. This is the so-called wrong thing for the right person. Therefore, every educator should pay enough attention to overcoming subjective intolerance. The third is not to turn over old accounts. It turned out that the child only did one thing wrong. If you shake out the past problems in detail, it is easy for children to think that you don't like him, which will complicate the original simple work.
2. Help children understand their mistakes correctly in view of the psychology of making excuses.
After careful observation, it will be found that children will always find out the objective reasons or shift the responsibility to other children after making mistakes. The purpose is to avoid teacher criticism. The best way to prevent this phenomenon is to directly point out where the child is wrong, so that the child can realize his own mistakes and it is not easy to excuse himself. The advantages are: first, it shows that you know his problems like the back of your hand, thus dispelling his idea of getting away with it; Second, not giving children the opportunity to explain mistakes is conducive to the healthy development of children's body and mind; The third is to help children find problems from themselves. Let children learn to recognize their mistakes when similar problems occur in the future.
3. Grasp the opportunity of education from the perspective of sensitive psychology.
Generally speaking, when a child makes a mistake, he will not pay attention to the mistake itself, but often pay attention to the teacher's attitude towards the mistake. At this time, I will be particularly sensitive to the teacher's every move. If teachers don't understand the psychological characteristics of children, they will miss the opportunity of education. First, avoid psychological reversal effect. Most children who have made mistakes have a serious sense of psychological defense. At this time, if you criticize him immediately, it may easily arouse his disgust, and even think that you are giving him a hard time. Therefore, avoid this sensitive moment and help children realize their mistakes after their psychological recovery. Second, don't delay the opportunity to receive education. Beyond the time limit, the influence of things themselves will weaken, such as what a child does. Ask him these days, and he may have forgotten. Similarly, the mistakes made by young children will become insignificant if they are not educated in time. Third, teachers should stop talking too much to children who can admit their mistakes on their own initiative, especially to children who have realized and corrected their mistakes, so as not to be counterproductive.
In view of vanity, end the criticism with praise.
Generally speaking, everyone has vanity and pride, and children are no exception. As a teacher, we should use this psychology to praise and end criticism, which is conducive to children's understanding of mistakes and establishing self-confidence. On the other hand, what will happen if the teacher takes the method of praising first and then criticizing when the child makes mistakes? Imagine that if you do something wrong, someone will praise you first, and you will think that he has ulterior motives, and the bad things may be yet to come. Praise is actually not difficult for you. And if criticism ends with praise, both criticism and praise will play a role.
5. Give children more love for the "falling out of favor" mentality.
In real life, most of us like beautiful, smart, lovely and obedient children, but we don't care enough about those ugly, slow-witted and poor-learning children. Although it is not intentional as a teacher, this problem does exist in practical work, and those unloved children are exactly the people who need care and love most. I have done such an experiment. If we focus on those children who are not usually spoiled, their progress is often very obvious, but these love and care are actually insignificant to the spoiled children. This tells us that teachers should pay more attention to those children who are usually inconspicuous, talkative and introverted, and give them more opportunities to show and participate, so that they can develop physically and mentally healthily and help them build up confidence.
6, in view of the repeated psychology, education should have continuity
Rome was not built in a day, and helping children overcome their shortcomings is not achieved overnight. Many educators, eager for success, only pay attention to the symptoms, but ignore the children's repeated psychology, which leads some children to make similar mistakes. Practice has proved that it is essential to educate children who have made mistakes, no matter whether the current effect is good or bad. Specifically, first, he is good at observing words and deeds. Although children's psychology is not easy to grasp, their thoughts are mainly reflected through behavior. Only by firmly grasping this link can we grasp the key to the problem. Even if there is repetition, you can prescribe the right medicine. Second, the attitude should be clear. If you ask your child to change, but ignore what he has done, he may lose enthusiasm and even give up on himself. Therefore, it is necessary to show the attitude towards children's performance in time, give affirmation correctly, and stop mistakes. Third, we should help children set an example of learning, stimulate their competitive mentality and work hard.