What are the causes of common dyspnea and what are its manifestations?

Dyspnea is a feeling that when people breathe hard or accelerate their breathing, they feel that there is not enough air and their breathing is not smooth. Healthy people can have accelerated breathing during physical activity, strenuous exercise or plateau, which is also the most common dyspnea. When breathing is difficult, patients often show lack of air, poor breathing and severe breathing movement because of accelerated breathing; Difficulty in breathing will limit the amount of activity. In severe cases, the symptoms are mouth breathing, nose flapping and sitting breathing. Is a common clinical symptom, so what is its cause? 1. Pulmonary dyspnea: The most common cause is lung disease. Diseases that cause tracheal stenosis, such as laryngeal edema, laryngeal spasm, tracheal tumor, foreign body in trachea, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc., can all cause dyspnea due to increased airway resistance. When inspiratory difficulty is serious, three concave signs may appear, that is, the suprasternal fossa, supraclavicular fossa and intercostal space are obviously depressed when inhaling; Feel tired when exhaling, often manifested as prolonged expiratory time, accompanied by wheezing. When the patient has severe pneumonia, severe tuberculosis, massive pleural effusion or pneumothorax, massive atelectasis or pulmonary infarction, the effective lung volume decreases, indicating that inhalation and exhalation are laborious. Second, cardiogenic dyspnea: cardiogenic dyspnea is also very common. When the heart function declines, the pumping function of the heart declines, and fluid accumulates in the lungs to produce pulmonary edema, which can appear or aggravate during activities; Cardiogenic asthma is caused by excessive effusion in the lungs, which leads to pulmonary edema, which leads to airway stenosis and dyspnea. Dyspnea caused by left ventricular dysfunction can be relieved by sitting, which is often manifested as sitting breathing; Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a terrible dyspnea, which occurs suddenly during sleep. The patient has difficulty breathing when he wakes up and is often in a state of panic. They must sit up or stand up to breathe, and the symptoms will be relieved after a few minutes or dozens of minutes. Severe cases can cough up serous pink foam phlegm and sweat, which also suggests cardiac insufficiency. 3. Central Dyspnea: Central dyspnea caused by the decline of central respiratory function of the brain is common in the increase of intracranial pressure caused by various reasons, the inhibition of central function caused by things, or sudden brain injury such as brain injury, which can lead to shortness of breath, slow breathing and even apnea, called periodic or Chen's breathing. 4. Hematology Dyspnea: Dyspnea occurs when the blood can't carry enough oxygen, which is seen in patients with severe or anemia, as well as patients with methemoglobinemia or thiohemoglobinemia. Patients breathe faster and deeper to get enough oxygen. 5. Toxic dyspnea: When diabetic acidosis or uremia occurs, it can produce slow and deep breathing, which is clinically called Cushing breathing, which is toxic dyspnea caused by the increase of blood acidity. Mental dyspnea of intransitive verb: Mental dyspnea is mainly characterized by rapid and shallow breathing frequency, accompanied by sighing breathing, often accompanied by fear, which is caused by mental anxiety and has no physical illness, and is common in hysteria patients.