Turtle, also known as tortoise or tuanyu, is an oviparous amphibian reptile with a turtle-like head, but its carapace is soft and dark green. Soft-shelled turtles often live in sediments at the bottom of the water, like to eat small animals such as fish and shrimp, and also swallow melon skins, fruit slices, grass and grains. There are traces of soft-shelled turtles in rivers and lakes all over Jiangxi. Among them, Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, has the largest quantity and the best quality. 10 years ago, the artificial turtle breeding base was built in Dajiling Reservoir on the outskirts of Nanchang, and the number of turtles has exceeded 1 10,000, making it a promising aquaculture industry.
Soft-shelled turtle is rich in nutrition, containing protein, fat, calcium, iron, animal glue, keratin and various vitamins. It is a rare tonic. Turtle can also be used as medicine, and its back shell has the effects of nourishing yin and strengthening yang, dispersing stagnation and calming the liver, and can treat cough, night sweats, kidney deficiency, amenorrhea and other diseases, while turtle gall can treat hypertension; Eggs can cure chronic diarrhea and dysentery; Supplementing blood can cure malnutrition in children, and there is a folk saying that soft-shelled turtle can cure cancer.
Nutritional analysis
1. Carp and its extract can effectively prevent and inhibit liver cancer, gastric cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and can be used to prevent and treat weakness, anemia and leukopenia caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
2. Soft-shelled turtle also has a good blood purification effect, which can reduce blood cholesterol if eaten regularly, and is beneficial to patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease;
3. Soft-shelled turtle can also "replenish strain, strengthen yang and greatly replenish yin";
4. Eating soft-shelled turtle also has a certain auxiliary effect on patients with tuberculosis, anemia and physical weakness.
Turtle culture
1。 Placement and cleaning of bait table It is best to place the bait table on the edge of the pond around the culture pond, making an angle of 30-45 degrees with the water surface, which is beneficial for turtles to find food and avoid interference. Before each feeding, the bait table and its surroundings should be cleaned with disinfectant and disinfection brush with little irritation, and disinfected every 3 days 1 time.
2. The preparation of bait and the addition of fresh ingredients are generally 10%-40%. When using fresh materials, they must be disinfected and cleaned, and they must be used now to avoid corruption and deterioration. The bait should be cast in the form of bait, and the bait should be 2-3 cm above the water surface. Soft-shelled turtle is timid, so it should be fed with as little interference as possible. The feeding amount is subject to 1- 1.5 hours, and the remaining bait should be collected in time for later use. Feeding time in hot season should end before sunrise and start at sunset.
3. Water quality adjustment The sewage discharge of the aquaculture water body should be changed regularly, and the amount of water changed each time should not exceed 1/3. If conditions permit, the effect of micro-flow culture will be better. During the breeding process, chlorine dioxide preparation 0.5-1-2ppm, bleaching powder 2-3ppm, strong chlorine essence1-2 ppm, and quicklime 15-40ppm are regularly used for the whole pond disinfection. After 2-3 days of application, the whole pool is sprayed with about 5ppm of photosynthetic bacteria preparation, which can play the role of water regulation, with a monthly rate of 65438+.
4. Plant green on the water surface, build a terrace, enclose a frame with a width of 1.5 m in the pond about 1 m away from the bait platform, and plant water hyacinth. The root system of water hyacinth is developed, which can absorb harmful substances in water, play the role of water transfer, and is also beneficial for turtles to hide and enjoy the cool sun. A post-drying platform should be built in the place where there are few slopes near the pond.
5. Patrol the pond regularly and clean up dead turtles in time. Patrol the pond in order to know the feeding, growth activities, diseases, water quality and facilities of soft-shelled turtle in time. Dead turtles in the pond should be fished out, buried or burned in time, and sick turtles should be isolated and treated in time.
Selection of soft-shelled turtle
Look at all parts of the turtle. Excellent soft-shelled turtle with complete appearance, no injury, muscular hypertrophy, shining abdominal armor, blurred back scapula and ribs, thick and upturned skirt, stout legs and agile movements; On the contrary, it is an inferior turtle.
Second, grasp the turtle's anti-leg nest with your hands, such as fast-moving, kicking, fierce and powerful turtles; If the activity is not flexible, the four feet move slightly or even don't move, it is an inferior turtle.
The third inspection is mainly to check whether there is crochet in the turtle neck. Soft-shelled turtle with hook and needle can't be stored for a long time and transported for a long distance. Inspection method: You can stimulate the turtle's head with hard bamboo chopsticks, let it take a bite, then stretch its neck with one hand and touch it with the other.
Fourth, try to turn the tortoise upside down and lay it flat on the ground. If you can turn over quickly, escape quickly and move flexibly, you are a superior turtle; If the turnover is slow and the action is slow, they are all inferior turtles.
Cooking of soft-shelled turtle
Stewed turtle
There is a folk saying in our county that "carp eats meat and turtles drink soup", which means that the purpose of eating carp is to eat its meat, while the purpose of eating turtle (commonly known as "turtle") is to drink soup. Because turtle is rich in nutrition and is most suitable for making soup, it can play a great role, so turtle generally eats soup.
The basic method of turtle soup is to take 1 live turtle (about 1 kg) from the lake. Take half a raw chicken (about 200 grams) and add a little onion, ginger and garlic slices as ingredients. Prepare 50g of clear soup, 0/0g of cooking wine/kloc-,3g of refined salt, 2g of monosodium glutamate, 30g of peanut oil, 5g of sesame oil and 2 pieces of star anise as seasoning.
Chop the head of live soft-shelled turtle, control the blood, wash it, take it out in boiling water, scrape off the black skin, cook it in boiling water for about 5 minutes, take it out, remove the hard cover, take out the five internal organs, chop off the claw tips, chop soft-shelled turtle and chicken into cubes, and blanch it in boiling water. Scrape the dirt and thin skin off the hard skin.
Add peanut oil to the spoon, heat it with high fire, add onion, ginger, garlic slices and octagonal wok, cook clear soup and cooking wine, add turtle and chicken pieces, boil to remove foam, and switch to medium fire for about 45 minutes. When the turtle and chicken pieces are cooked and the soup is milky white, move to high fire and add refined salt, monosodium glutamate and chicken pieces.
Flavor characteristics: the soup is white and yellow with abnormal flavor.
Braised turtle with black chicken
Required materials
500g soft-shelled turtle, black-bone chicken1000g. Salt 20 g monosodium glutamate 2 g pepper 2 g cooking wine 25 g ginger 25 g onion 25 g each.
Making method of braised turtle with black-bone chicken
1. After the turtle is slaughtered and bled, scald it with 70℃ water first;
2. Put it in water at 90℃ and scald it.
3. Scrape off the rough skin on the neck, claws and skirt, cut it along the skirt with a knife, take out the internal organs and rinse it clean.
4. Slaughter the claw tip of the turtle with a knife, then blanch it with boiling water, wash it after coming out of the water, wash and slaughter the black-bone chicken into pieces, and remove the blood with boiling water.
5. Wash the pot and add fresh soup, add black-bone chicken, turtle, salt, pepper, ginger, onion and cooking wine, and simmer slowly until the chicken pieces and turtle are soft and rotten;
6. Pick ginger and onion and adjust the taste.
Tip: 1. When scalding the turtle, you can't use boiling water, otherwise the black film on the turtle is not easy to scrape off;
2. One of the soft-shelled turtle and black-bone chicken is soft, so it must be fished out of the soup first, and the other one will continue to stew;
3. When it is soft, put the fished fish in and cook it.
4. The purpose is to keep the two raw materials consistent in texture and complete in form;
The amount of mixed soup should be consistent with the amount of raw materials, and the soup should be added at one time, otherwise the soup will taste bad.
Nutritional value of stewed turtle with black-bone chicken
Black-bone chicken-also known as black-bone chicken, medicated chicken, Wushan chicken, hairy chicken, fluffy chicken, loose-haired chicken, black-footed chicken, Guan Cong chicken, trousers chicken and bamboo chicken. Black-bone chicken is a kind of pheasant, named because its skin, meat and bone mouth are all black.
Turtle-also known as soft-shelled turtle, water fish, tuanyu, giant fish, Yuan Yu, old turtle and tortoise. Turtle, also known as water fish, ball fish and giant fish, is a favorite nourishing aquatic food, whether it is boiled, stewed or salted, ...
mutton
Sweet, warm and nontoxic.
Meridian enters spleen and kidney.
Efficacy nourishing fatigue, dispelling cold, warming qi and blood; Benefiting kidney qi, tonifying body, resisting aging, stimulating appetite and strengthening body; Nourish parturient, treat leucorrhea by lactation, help Yuanyang and benefit essence and blood.
Indications: lumbago due to kidney deficiency, impotence and nocturnal emission, emaciation and aversion to cold, cold deficiency after illness, postpartum cold deficiency or abdominal pain, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum lactation or increased leucorrhea.
It shows that mutton can be divided into goat meat, sheep meat and wild mutton. In ancient times, mutton was called lick meat, lick meat and jietou meat. It can not only drive away the cold, but also nourish the body. It can be used for treating and nourishing various deficiency diseases such as cough due to wind-cold, chronic tracheitis, asthma due to deficiency of cold, impotence due to kidney deficiency, abdominal cold pain, weakness of waist and knees, sallow complexion and emaciation, deficiency of both qi and blood, and physical weakness after illness or postpartum. It is most suitable for eating in winter, so it is called winter tonic and is deeply loved by people. Because mutton has an unpleasant mutton smell, it is left out in the cold by some people. In fact, if one kilogram of mutton can be cooked with 10g licorice, a proper amount of cooking wine and ginger, its smell can be removed and its mutton flavor can be maintained.
taboo
Patients with summer heat or fever should eat carefully; People suffering from edema, bone steaming, malaria, exogenous diseases, toothache and various heat-related diseases should fast. Red wine and mutton are forbidden to eat together, and there will be a chemical reaction after eating.
Prescription Reference and Medicinal Diet
1, 250g mutton and a pig's foot, boiled in the same soup, and eaten twice a day with a little salt and seasoning for one week, which can cure postpartum lactation or hypogalactia.
2. Tonic supplement in winter-roasted mutton with aconite: 0.5- 1 kg of mutton, 30-60g of cooked aconite slices, 0/0g of licorice and angelica, and appropriate amounts of star anise, cinnamon, salt and ginger, all of which are put into a pot and cooked with low fire. It is suitable for the elderly who are weak, afraid of cold, sore back and weak legs, frequent urination at night, easy to catch a cold, cough due to wind-cold, and dyspnea. Healthy people eat it, which has the function of health care and physical fitness. Precautions: patients with fever, sore throat, hepatitis, wind-heat cough, wind-heat cold, etc. You shouldn't eat it
3. Danggui Ginger Mutton Soup: Cut 1 kg lean mutton into pieces. First, fry 60 g ginger in an oil pan for a while, then pour the mutton pieces into the frying pan. When the blood is dry, add a proper amount of water, add 100g Danggui (wrapped in gauze), season with a proper amount of salt, stew and cook for several times. It has the effects of warming middle warmer, enriching blood, regulating menstruation and expelling wind. It can be used for treating irregular menstruation, scanty menstrual flow due to blood deficiency, amenorrhea due to blood dryness, dysmenorrhea, menstrual headache, breast fullness, uterine dysplasia, restless fetal movement, habitual abortion, postpartum abdominal pain, dizziness due to blood deficiency, and pallor.
4. Mutton porridge: mutton 100- 150g, japonica rice 100g, ginger * * * 3-5 slices to cook porridge, seasoned with proper amount of oil and salt. Has effect in invigorating deficiency, invigorate qi and blood, warming spleen and stomach, dispelling cold and strengthening yang. It is suitable for weak body, weak waist and knees, cold back, male yang deficiency, kidney deficiency and impotence, premature ejaculation, female irregular menstruation, blood deficiency and dysmenorrhea.
5, yam mutton porridge: 500 grams of mutton slices, first boiled in water until cooked, then cooked with 500 grams of yam (sliced) and 250 grams of japonica rice, or cooked with pork, seasoned with salt. Has the effects of invigorating spleen and tonifying kidney, and is suitable for common cold, anorexia, loose stool, backache and polyuria.
6. Mutton porridge with minced meat: Slice 50g of cistanche deserticola, cook it in a pot for 65,438+0 hours, take out the dregs, put 65,438+050-200g of mutton, 65,438+000g of japonica rice and 3-5 slices of ginger into water, cook the porridge together, and season with appropriate amount of oil and salt. Nourishing kidney and yang, nourishing essence and blood, moistening intestine and strengthening body. It is suitable for impotence due to kidney deficiency, soreness of waist and knees, hyposexuality, dry stool and dull complexion.
Pay attention to people with fever and hypersexuality.
7, mutton radish soup: 500 grams of mutton diced, 500 grams of radish diced, two tsaoko (peeled), 3 grams of licorice, 5 slices of ginger, put the soup in the same pot, add a little salt to taste. Has that function of invigorating middle energizer, invigorating stomach, tonifying kidney and strengthening yang. Suitable for physical weakness, low back pain, fear of cold and loss of appetite after illness.
8, mutton wheat ginger porridge: 500 grams of mutton cut into pieces, 60 grams of wheat, ginger 10 grams, eaten with porridge, once in the morning and evening, even for one month. Has the effects of strengthening yang, nourishing essence and blood, and relieving fatigue. It is a good product for the weak and recuperating after illness, and is most suitable for nourishing in winter.
9, Shenqi Gui Jiang mutton soup: 500 grams of mutton cut into small pieces; 25g ginger slices, 30g astragalus root and 30g codonopsis pilosula; 20 grams of Angelica sinensis, wrapped in gauze, put in a pot and add water until it is cooked, and eat it regularly with the amount, which has the functions of invigorating qi, nourishing blood and strengthening the body. It is suitable for qi and blood weakness, malnutrition, anemia, low fever and excessive sweating, and cold hands and feet after illness or postpartum.
10. Guidi Roasted Mutton: Cut 500g of fat mutton into pieces, 20g of Angelica sinensis and 20g of Radix Rehmanniae, 0g of dried ginger10g, and appropriate amount of soy sauce, salt, yellow wine and sugar, and put them in a pot and add water to cook. It has the functions of tonifying deficiency and benefiting qi, warming the middle and warming the lower. Suitable for physical weakness, emaciation, blood deficiency, uterine cold, metrorrhagia and so on after illness or postpartum.
1 1. Roasted mutton with garlic: 250g of mutton is cut into pieces, 50g of garlic is peeled, cooked together and seasoned with salt. Has the effects of warming waist and knees, tonifying kidney and benefiting qi. It is suitable for impotence due to kidney deficiency and cold pain in waist and knees due to kidney deficiency.
12, Fuyuan soup: 500g mutton is cut into strips, sheep spine 1 cut into pieces, 20g cistanche deserticola and 20g dodder are wrapped with gauze, two walnuts (shelled and fleshed), 50g yam, ginger, pepper, star anise and cooking wine, and the same soup is seasoned with appropriate amount of salt. Has that effect of warming and tonify kidney yang. It is suitable for tinnitus, dizziness, soreness of waist and knees, impotence and premature ejaculation caused by deficiency of kidney yang and kidney essence.
13. Braised mutton with Lycium barbarum: mutton 1kg, first blanched with boiling water, fished out and cut into small cubes, then poured into a hot oil pan with ginger slices, stir-fried and boiled into cooking wine, then poured into a casserole, added with 20g of Lycium barbarum, 2kg of clear soup, appropriate amount of chives, and appropriate amount of salt, and stewed on low fire. Season with monosodium glutamate. Has that effect of improving eyesight, strengthen tendons and tonifying kidney. It is suitable for patients with kidney deficiency such as male impotence, premature ejaculation, irregular menstruation in women, and decreased libido. Old and weak, vision loss, dizziness effect is also quite good.
14. Sorghum mutton porridge: 100g sliced mutton and 100g sorghum rice. Cooking porridge together and seasoning with proper amount of oil and salt can cure dyspepsia caused by weakness of spleen and stomach.
15, turtle mutton soup: 100-200 grams of nail fish and 500 grams of mutton, cooked together, seasoned with appropriate amount of salt, can cure malaria for a long time.
16, Astragalus mutton soup: 500g mutton, 30g Astragalus, and proper amount of swim bladder. Boil the soup together, remove the residue of Astragalus membranaceus after boiling, and add oil and salt to taste, which can cure kidney deficiency, frequent urination and enuresis.
Judging from the nutritional composition of goat meat
Goat and mutton is one of the important sources of human meat. Goat mutton is bright red in color, low in fat, rich in protein, high in calcium, potassium and vitamin B 1 and low in cholesterol. Higher in calories than beef; In terms of iron content, it is more than pork.
In recent years, goat breeding and management in Taiwan Province Province are quite advanced. Goat mutton is of good quality and has no peculiar smell. Taiwan Province Province produces an average of about 5,000 metric tons of goat and mutton every year, all of which are sold domestically and are well received by consumers.
From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine
Gao Li, a famous doctor in the Yuan Dynasty, said: "Mutton is sweet and hot, which can replenish blood deficiency, and tangible things can also replenish the qi of tangible muscles. If the taste is the same as mutton, it can be supplemented, so it can be weakened. Ginseng and mutton belong to it. 」
Who should eat mutton?
Chinese medicine believes that if you don't have high blood pressure, don't like staying up late, don't have a fever and don't get infected, you can eat mutton!
Cold winter is the best season to eat mutton. In winter, the yang of the human body is hidden in the body, so the body is prone to cold hands and feet and poor blood circulation. Chinese medicine believes that mutton is sweet but not greasy, warm but not dry, and has the effects of tonifying kidney and strengthening yang, warming middle warmer and dispelling cold, warming qi and blood, appetizing and invigorating spleen. Therefore, eating mutton in winter can not only keep out the cold, but also nourish the body, which is really a good thing to kill two birds with one stone.
There are many ways to eat mutton, such as frying, frying, roasting, roasting, sauce, rinsing and so on. But because it has an unpleasant smell, it has been left out in the cold by some people. I suggest that when you cook mutton, you can add a proper amount of cooking wine and ginger, which will not only remove the smell of mutton, but also maintain the original flavor of mutton.
Of course, mutton is good, but it is not suitable for everyone. For example, people with fever, diarrhea, and accumulated heat in the body had better not eat it.
There are goat meat and mutton.
Its nature is sweet and hot. Contains protein, fat, sugar, inorganic salt, thiamine yarn, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, cholesterol, vitamin A, vitamin C, nicotinic acid and other ingredients.
Has the effects of benefiting qi and nourishing yin, promoting granulation and strengthening body, nourishing liver and improving eyesight.
Mutton is fresh and tender with high nutritional value. It can be used as a good food therapy for people with kidney yang deficiency, soreness of waist and knees, cold pain in epigastrium and abdomen, and fatigue.
Sheep liver tastes sweet, bitter and cold, and can nourish blood, tonify liver and improve eyesight. People with blood deficiency, dark eyes, blurred vision and night blindness can eat it often.
Sheep bile tastes bitter and cold, can detoxify and clean skin, and can treat wind-heat eye diseases and sores.
Goat pith is sweet and warm, which can tonify kidney and strengthen brain. It can be used to treat dry hair, premature gray hair, insomnia, amnesia and rough skin.
Sheep kidney (that is, sheep kidney) is sweet and warm in nature, can tonify kidney qi and essence, and can treat deafness, tinnitus and premature gray hair caused by kidney deficiency.
"Daily Materia Medica" points out that mutton can cure "weak waist and knees, strong bones and muscles, and thick stomach".