Cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arterial and peripheral vascular diseases, are mostly chronic diseases with a long course. Many factors can induce or aggravate the disease, and some of them are even fatal. Therefore, understanding cardiovascular diseases is very important for your health.
Please pay attention to the following aspects: 1 Common sense: Understand the common sense of health care and treatment of diseases through doctors, nurses and related books, make clear the name, type, classification and staging of diseases, and master the first aid methods and precautions in acute attack. 2. Diet: Cardiovascular diseases advocate a low-salt, low-fat and high-fiber diet, and eat more fresh vegetables. Diabetic patients should strictly follow the diabetic diet.
The daily intake of common dietary salt in this area is more than 9 ~ 12g, far exceeding the standard recommended by the World Health Organization (5 ~ 6g per day). Salted vegetables and Aral Sea products that people like to eat in this area have high salt content and should be restricted and prohibited.
About salt intake: 5~7 grams per day for patients with mild hypertension and less than 3 grams per day for patients with moderate and severe hypertension; Patients with mild heart failure are below 5 grams per day, moderate below 2.5 grams, severe below 1 gram or even prohibited. Three. Work and life arrangement: After the acute and severe illness is discharged from the hospital, physical exercise and daily life should be properly arranged according to the age, physical strength and specific conditions of the illness, so as to avoid excessive mental stress and physical activity, ensure enough sleep and rest time, and combine work and rest, which is beneficial to nerve and blood circulation function and improve exercise tolerance. Obese people can lose weight.
However, uncontrolled patients such as angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, severe hypertension and arrhythmia should be restricted in their activities. Fourth, blood pressure monitoring: blood pressure monitoring of cardiovascular diseases is very important, especially for patients with hypertension, and it should be measured at least once a week.
Attention should be paid to the circadian rhythm and physiological changes of blood pressure. The measured values of different limbs are different, generally taking the right upper arm as the standard. Mental stress should be eliminated before the measurement, and the measurement should be carried out after a rest 10- 15 minutes. Try to measure people regularly, learn the correct measurement methods and judge the measurement results, and record the changes of blood pressure and corresponding conditions.
5. Quit smoking and drinking: Smoking and drinking are common bad habits in this area, which are closely related to diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia and heart failure, especially sudden death coronary heart disease. After abstinence, the risk of illness is obviously reduced, which is an effective preventive measure.
6. Mental health care: Cardiovascular diseases are mostly chronic diseases with long course and various complications, which have different degrees of influence on the quality of life. We should correctly understand the disease, establish an optimistic outlook on life, avoid anxiety, tension and pessimism, and enhance our determination and confidence in fighting the disease.
7. Insist on taking medicine according to the doctor's advice: most cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, etc. Need to take medicine for a long time. Treatment after discharge is an important part of the whole treatment plan of the disease. Patients spend most of their time receiving treatment after discharge, especially those with hypertension. It is dangerous to insist on taking medicine after the blood pressure is controlled normally. Sudden withdrawal of drugs will lead to withdrawal syndrome and aggravate the condition. Pay attention to the name, types, usage, adverse reactions and sources of drugs.
Drugs for cardiovascular diseases are developing rapidly, and the treatment concept is constantly updated. Some traditional drugs are gradually replaced by a series of new drugs because of many side effects and unreliable curative effects, and some even aggravate the condition. For example, patients with coronary heart disease should use dipyridamole with caution, patients with myocardial infarction should use nifedipine with caution, and patients with hypertension should not take compound antihypertensive tablets (or compound apocynum venetum).
These drugs have been replaced by new drugs with good curative effect and less adverse reactions. In addition, it is more noteworthy that you should never take drugs with unreliable quality, and try to buy drugs from regular pharmacies and reputable medical units in regular hospitals.
Eight, regular follow-up: Regular follow-up of cardiovascular diseases is very important, and the doctor will adjust the dosage and type of medication according to your condition. Because the use of drugs for cardiovascular diseases is more complicated, I suggest you go to a hospital with a cardiovascular clinic for a follow-up visit.
If you suddenly have chest tightness, chest pain, headache, dizziness, palpitation, etc. You should go to the hospital in time.
2. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
With the improvement of living standards and the change of life rhythm, the elderly with hypertension are cautious and principled when using antihypertensive drugs, which are called "diseases of wealth" (namely hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia). With the increase of age, the prevalence of hypertension is also increasing.
40%~45% of the elderly over 60 suffer from hypertension and hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health in 2007, according to foreign data, about 50% of diabetic patients are complicated with senile diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The key to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is prevention, which is a disease with high disability rate.
Once you get this disease, it is difficult for you to take care of yourself, causing great economic burden and psychological pressure on your family. Patients themselves are often depressed because they drag down their families, which affects the treatment of diseases.
For cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, whether from the economic point of view, family point of view, or from the health point of view, only prevention is a foolproof policy and a wise move. Prevention a day earlier, peace of mind a little earlier.
In particular, the following people should be highly valued and need to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases immediately. 1, government officials, business leaders, intellectuals, etc.
Because they are under too much pressure, they are nervous every day, nervous imbalance and metabolic disorder. The imbalance of main organ functions is easy to cause arteriosclerosis, which leads to coronary heart disease and cerebral thrombosis. 2, excessive alcohol and tobacco, irregular life.
They are more likely to cause vasospasm, poor blood flow, and often suffer from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases prematurely. 3. Obesity and unscientific diet.
They are often overnourished, which makes the blood cholesterol content too high. People over the age of 4.40, especially middle-aged and elderly friends with dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath, memory loss, numbness of limbs, and decreased hearing and vision.
The secret of preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases lies in "reasonable diet, moderate exercise, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, eating less salt and keeping a psychological balance". The birth of fish oil ensures the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
To prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, we should develop the following good living habits. (1) Reasonable Diet With the improvement of people's living standards in China, the quality of life of residents has been continuously improved.
But many people's diet is not scientific, thinking that big fish and big meat is the improvement of quality of life, but it is not. People's health is different, so is their diet.
It is suggested that patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases develop the following eating habits. 1, increasing fiber in fiber diet can reduce serum cholesterol concentration.
Foods rich in dietary fiber mainly include miscellaneous grains, rice bran, wheat bran, dried beans, kelp, vegetables and fruits. 35-45 grams of fiber per day. Common foods with lipid-lowering function are onion, garlic, mushrooms, fungus, celery and so on.
2. Eat more fish and fish oil. Fish oil has obvious function of regulating blood lipid and preventing arteriosclerosis. A large intake of fish oil rich in omega-3 has a positive preventive effect on cardiovascular diseases.
International nutrition organizations suggest that people should consume 2,500 kilocalories per day, and correspondingly 0.6- 1 g of omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA. Take the middle-aged and elderly fish oil of Hongyangshen as an example. You should take at least 3-5 fish oil capsules with 700mg and 30% content every day to ensure the basic needs of the human body.
3, eat more soy products, soybeans are rich in a variety of phospholipids necessary for the human body. Eating more bean products such as bean curd, bean sprouts, dried bean curd and soybean oil is beneficial to human health and can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
In addition, the intake of fat and cholesterol should be reduced appropriately. The intake of fat should be strictly limited to no more than 30 grams per day or less than 65,438+05% of the total calories. Cholesterol intake should be controlled below 200 mg -300 mg per day.
Try to avoid eating foods with high cholesterol, such as brain, spinal cord, viscera, egg yolk, shellfish (such as mussels) and mollusks (such as squid, cuttlefish and roe). (2) Live scientifically 1, strengthen physical exercise every day 1 hour, keep your heart rate below 170 when exercising, or feel slightly sweaty, feel relaxed after exercise, and keep exercising for not less than 5 days a week.
2, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction Long-term smoking and alcoholism can interfere with blood lipid metabolism and increase blood lipids. 3. Avoid mental stress, emotional excitement, insomnia, overwork, irregular life, anxiety and depression, etc. to make lipid metabolism disorder.
Middle-aged and elderly people should not play mahjong or chess for a long time, keep calm and try to be less angry. (3) Take drugs that interfere with lipid metabolism as little as possible, such as beta blockers, propranolol, diuretics, dihydrograms, furosemide and steroid hormones. , can raise blood lipids.
(4) Actively treat related diseases that affect blood lipid metabolism, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, alcoholism, pancreatitis and lupus erythematosus. , will interfere with blood lipid metabolism. (5) Middle-aged people over 45 years old, obese people, people with a family history of hyperlipidemia, people who often take part in eating, drinking and entertainment, and workers with high mental stress are all high-risk targets. Blood lipid and blood pressure should be checked regularly (at least once a year).
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases diet should avoid myocardial infarction: supplement vitamin C and trace elements. In order to strengthen the elasticity and toughness of blood vessels and prevent bleeding, trace element iodine can reduce the deposition of cholesterol, fat and calcium salts on blood vessel walls and hinder the formation of atherosclerotic lesions (seafood is rich in iodine); Magnesium can improve myocardial excitability, which is beneficial to inhibit arrhythmia (magnesium is more abundant in green leafy vegetables).
It is advisable to eat more coarse grains and crude fiber to prevent constipation from having adverse effects on the heart. Avoid: control the intake of heat energy food and don't make your body overweight.
Avoid eating too much animal fat and animal offal with high cholesterol. To control salt intake, it is best not to eat pickles, bean paste, sausages, bacon or eat less.
Avoid smoking and sex food. Hypotension should be: the combination of meat and vegetables.
Longan, lotus seed, jujube, mulberry, etc. , has the effect of strengthening the heart and brain, and should be eaten regularly to enhance physical fitness; For hypotension caused by blood loss and menorrhagia, we should pay attention to eating foods that provide hematopoietic raw materials, such as foods rich in protein, copper and iron-liver, fish, milk, eggs, beans and vegetables and fruits with high iron content, which will help correct anemia. Patients with hypotension should choose a diet high in sodium (salt should be 12- 15g per day) and cholesterol, such as animal brain.
3. I want to know something about the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. What preventive knowledge do you have?
Preventive measures for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases include: reasonable diet, moderate exercise, peace of mind, regular medication and regular physical examination.
A reasonable diet mainly refers to a low-salt and low-fat diet, limiting salt to 6g every day and eating more foods rich in vitamins, such as apples, oranges and bananas. And eat a proper amount of crude fiber food to improve the diet structure; Exercise needs to maintain moderate intensity and persist for half an hour every day, such as running fast, swimming or badminton; People who are irritable, irritable and irritable will increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, so they need to maintain a peaceful attitude and should not be too angry, excited or sad; If it has caused high risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, etc. You need to take regular medication for prevention and treatment. Those who have tobacco and alcohol hobbies need to quit actively, and at the same time work and rest reasonably to avoid staying up late.
4. What are the mild symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases?
There will be some minor symptoms in the early stage of cardiovascular disease, which are often minor illnesses and pains.
But it is these minor ailments and pains that have become the signals of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. For example, angina pectoris of coronary heart disease, early pain is not obvious, sometimes there will be chest tightness, breath holding, less exercise, shortness of breath feeling.
Sometimes accompanied by palpitations and a violent heartbeat. When these symptoms appear regularly or frequently, you should go to the hospital for examination as soon as possible.
Some patients with angina pectoris who have been diagnosed with coronary heart disease will have atypical pain before onset, such as headache, toothache, sore throat, shoulder pain, leg pain and back pain. Or manifested as gastrointestinal symptoms such as upper abdominal pain and discomfort, especially severe pain often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, which is easily misdiagnosed as acute gastroenteritis, acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis and so on.
Stroke is the same, there will be some small signs before the onset, such as temporary blackness or blurring of one eye or both eyes, seeing things like ghosts or dizziness; Sudden numbness and weakness of the face or one limb, sometimes accompanied by muscle spasm; Sudden obstacle-free fall or unstable walking, etc. When similar minor problems happen, we must not take them lightly. See a doctor in time and seize the best treatment opportunity.