The occurrence of jaundice is generally due to the increase of a substance called bilirubin in the blood. The newborn baby's liver is stunted and fails to metabolize the increased bilirubin in the blood, which leads to the increase of bilirubin content in the blood and causes jaundice. First the face turns yellow, then the sclera turns yellow, and then it appears on the body. Generally, the skin turns yellow to a lesser degree, and palms and soles rarely appear. There is no obvious change in spirit and appetite.
The bilirubin concentration of newborns who are partially breastfed is often higher than that of those who are artificially fed, and it takes about 20 days or more to subside. This kind of jaundice is called breast milk jaundice. Under normal circumstances, it will not cause brain damage and does not require special care. If your baby is basically similar to breast-feeding, with good spirits and good breast-feeding, there is no need to be overly anxious. Pathological jaundice should be considered only when jaundice is particularly serious and the baby's mental state is not good. Pathological jaundice is mostly caused by blood group incompatibility or infection.
Jaundice often occurs within 24 hours, with rapid progress and serious degree. Children's general condition is not good, and drowsiness, diet decline, convulsions and other phenomena may occur, which will cause brain cell damage and the consequences will be more serious. But the incidence of general pathological jaundice is very low, so don't be nervous.
Close observation 1, vital signs observation: body temperature, pulse, breathing and bleeding tendency, especially when blue light is irradiated, strengthen monitoring times, pay attention to keep warm, ensure the stability of body temperature, find respiratory changes in time and deal with them actively.
2. Nervous system: mainly observe the child's crying, sucking power and muscle tension. So as to judge the occurrence of non-nuclear jaundice.
3. Observation of defecation: the frequency, quantity and nature of defecation. If meconium is delayed, enema should be performed to promote stool and bilirubin excretion.
4. Treatment of infected focus: Observe whether the skin is damaged and infected focus, and whether there is secretion in navel. If there is any abnormality, handle it in time.
5, rehydration management: reasonable arrangement of rehydration plan, timely correction of acidosis. Adjust the corresponding speed according to different rehydration contents, and don't input hypertonic drugs quickly, so as to avoid temporarily opening the blood-brain barrier, so that bilirubin connected with albumin can also enter the brain tissue.
Health education 1, so that parents can understand the illness and get their cooperation.
2, hemolysis of newborns, prenatal counseling and preventive medication for pregnant women.
3, bilirubin encephalopathy, pay attention to the emergence of sequelae, give rehabilitation treatment and nursing.
4. If it is breast-feeding jaundice, you can continue breastfeeding. If jaundice still occurs after breastfeeding, you can change to breastfeeding at intervals and gradually transition to normal breastfeeding. If the jaundice is serious and the child's general condition is poor, you can consider suspending breastfeeding and resuming breastfeeding after the jaundice subsides.
5. In case of G6PD deficiency in red blood cells, you should avoid eating broad beans and their products, do not put mothballs when keeping children's clothes, and pay attention to the choice of drugs to avoid hemolysis.