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In the thirty-first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1398), Zhu Yuanzhang, the great-grandfather, died and Zhu Yunwen, the great-grandson, ascended the throne. Jie Jin, a great intellectual, was sent to the far west for some reason. Jie Jin was deeply moved and wrote a poem. As the poem says: Dragon Tree misses her parents in autumn in Wan Li, Qin Yun. I haven't seen the geese in the south for several years. This is the end of Hezhou. "The poem mentioned Hezhou, where is Hezhou? Linxia City, the capital of Linxia Prefecture in southwest Gansu Province. Linxia Prefecture borders Huangshui and Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu Province, in the north, Taohe and Dingxi in Gansu Province in the east and Haidong in Qinghai Province in the west. After the Yellow River enters Gansu Province, it passes through the northern part of Linxia Prefecture and enters Lanzhou City. There is a relatively durable Lingbing Lake in the Yellow River section of Linxia Prefecture, which is not well known. However, Lingbing Lake also has a household name-Liujiaxia Reservoir. The famous textbook "Visiting Liujiaxia Hydropower Station" is written here. Linxia is not a new city, but an ancient city with a history of more than two thousand years. Linxia was called Hezhou in history. In the history of the Northern Song Dynasty, it was rare for Hehuang to open the border (Xihe to open the border), and the recovered Hezhou is now Linxia. The history of Hezhou can actually be traced back to the Neolithic culture period more than 5,000 years ago, and the Majiayao cultural site was unearthed here. During the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a famous military town on the western front-Benhan, which was a battleground for the northwest military strategists. Han Jian initially established Linxia County in Linxia Prefecture. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Han Jian moved to Linxia, where he served as the provincial Hezhou Hospital. Liangzhou (Hexi Corridor) is strategically located in Hezhou in the north, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (with Tugu Hun Department) in the west, Sichuan in the south and Guanzhong in the east. The northern Wei dynasty controlled Hezhou, which could prevent the southern army from attacking Liangzhou and breaking the western arm of the northern Wei dynasty. At the same time, Hezhou was controlled by the Northern Wei Dynasty, which could prevent Tuyuhun from attacking Guanzhong eastward or Liangzhou northward. After the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty all took Chang 'an as their capital. In this way, Hezhou became an important strategic gateway between Chang 'an and Tubo. Tubo has always been the main enemy of the Tang Dynasty in the western front. The Tang Dynasty defended Hezhou. As mentioned above, it can not only defend Hexi, but also defend Chang 'an, and it can also play a deterrent role in Tubo. The Silk Road in the Tang Dynasty was very famous, and Hezhou was an important town of the Silk Road. The Silk Road is not just a line in the Hexi Corridor, but actually three lines: the north line, the middle line and the south line. The southern line, also known as Zhong Qiang Road or Huangzhong Road, starts from Chang 'an, goes all the way to the west, passes through Tianshui and Longxi to Hezhou, then crosses Huangshui from Hezhou and goes north to Zhangye in Liangzhou. In addition, there is a famous ancient road between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo. The ancient Tang-Fan Road leaves Chang 'an, passes through Tianshui and Lintao to Hezhou, and then goes south from Hezhou to Luomoucheng (now * * * * *). When the famous Princess Wencheng married Tubo, she traveled west along this ancient road and met Songzan Gambu, thus writing a story in history. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Liangzhou was located in the southern line of Turks because of the great threat of Turks to the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, when important people from western countries want to come to Chang 'an in Datang, they usually choose the southern route of the Silk Road with higher safety factor, and dare not take the northern route. Hezhou is the intersection of the Silk Road and the Tang-Fan Ancient Road. Not to mention the strategic and military significance, Hezhou is also an important town in the economic sense. Since the Anshi Rebellion, there was chaos in the Tang Dynasty, and Tubo took the opportunity to expand eastward. In the second year of Guangde in Tang Daizong (AD 763), Hezhou was formally occupied by Tubo. Hezhou, Hexi (Liangzhou) and Longyou were simultaneously annexed by Tubo. But before the Tang Dynasty regained Hexi, it was just empty talk, and there was no base area. On the other hand, Tubo occupied Hezhou, and the Silk Road in the Tang Dynasty was completely cut off. Secondly, Hezhou can be used as a springboard to attack Chang 'an eastward. Since Tang Daizong, Hezhou has not been controlled by the Central Plains Dynasty, which has always been the heart disease of the Central Plains Dynasty. Including the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty. Especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a serious confrontation with Xixia, which controlled the northwest Hexi. Without controlling Hezhou and other places in the Northern Song Dynasty, Xixia could not be threatened from the flank, and Xixia's military threat to the Northern Song Dynasty could not be lifted to the maximum extent. In the first year of Xining in Song Shenzong (A.D. 1068), Wang Shao, a scholar, put forward this proposal in Ping Rong Ce. Wang Anshi is determined to destroy the world. He firmly supported Wang Shao and won Hezhou and other places at any cost. In the sixth year of Xining (AD 1073), the Northern Song Dynasty finally recovered Hezhou and other states that had been lost for 300 years. Since then, the territory of the Northern Song Dynasty has expanded to more than 2,000 miles, and its western territory has reached Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province. This means that the Northern Song Dynasty put the knife on Xixia's back. The strategic disadvantage of the Northern Song Dynasty and Xixia for many years was reversed in one fell swoop. It's a pity that the Six Kingdoms, which were recovered by the Northern Song Dynasty with huge manpower, financial resources and material resources, were all lightly abandoned by Sima Guang. By the Ming Dynasty, the situation was similar to that of the Northern Song Dynasty. There is a powerful Mongolian department in the north, located in Hezhou, south of the Yellow River, and once again became the northwest Xiongguan of the Central Plains Dynasty. The Ming people commented on Hezhou in this way, saying that Hezhou "is an extremely important place in the three mountains. It is necessary to send people with both official and official positions to command such a senior military attache to keep Hezhou safe. "In the Qing Dynasty, the territory extended northward to the border between Outer Mongolia and Russia, and the border between Gansu and Shaanxi was no longer a border. Some military forts set up in Hezhou in the Ming Dynasty were gradually abandoned. After thousands of years of vicissitudes, the sword shadow has disappeared. But Linxia, as an ancient city with a long history, still has many profound historical impressions. Linxia now has an ancient city, which was revised on the basis of the Yuan Metropolitan City in the tenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1377). However, relics can still be found in the former site of Hezhou City in Tang Dynasty, Northern Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. For more historical geography articles, please pay attention to WeChat official account: Map Emperor (circle card has been added here, please go to today's headline client to check).